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This study aimed to describe the occurrence of COVID-19 in elderly patients treated at public health services in southern Brazil cities and their clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. This is a cross-sectional, observational, and retrospective study. From July 2020 to May 2021, medical records of elderly patients who underwent a test for COVID-19 at the molecular diagnostics laboratory of the University of Cruz Alta were selected. 310 elderly patients, with an average age of 60 to 99 years, were included in the study. Information was collected regarding the result of the RT-qPCR test, gender, symptoms, and comorbidities. We identified that 24.2% of the elderly evaluated in the study had a positive molecular diagnosis for COVID-19. The average age of the sample studied was 69 years (±8.89). Females had a higher proportion of positive cases (69.3%) compared to males (30.7%) (p=0.017). A higher proportion of individuals infected with SARS-Cov2 among those who reported cough, fever >37°C and pre-existing cardiovascular diseases (p = 0.028; 0.015; 0.017 respectively) was also identified. Learning the clinical and sociodemographic profile of the elderly with COVID-19 can contribute to strategies for care and prevention of the disease in this group. The study findings indicate that greater attention should be given to the elderly with heart diseases and those who have fevers and coughs.

Women have a specific hormonal risk associated with contraception, pregnancy and menopause, in addition to more risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD); and rapid, non-invasive, low-cost cardiovascular risk prediction tools can streamline the identification and prevention of CVD. Objective of the study to evaluate the risk of developing CVD in adult women using cardiometabolic indices such as plasma atherogenic index (AIP) and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index for insulin resistance. This is an observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study. Data on the metabolic, clinical and anthropometric profile of adult women were analyzed and used for risk stratification of developing CVD through the use of TyG and AIP indices. Of the participating women (n = 60, 28.55 ± 8.30 years), 50% women had an increased risk according to AIP despite having normolipidemia, normoglycemia, and normal BMI. Also, they had higher TyG index values. Further, the correlations of TyG and AIP with biometric and lipid parameters were associated with metabolic syndrome. AIP and TyG index can identify the risk of developing CVD, even in the presence of normal anthropometric and biochemical parameters.

Background: Using the support of a handrail during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) may alter physiologic parameters. The purpose is investigate the effects of handrail usage during the CPET in the metabolic parameters outcomes of young adults. Material and Methods: 39 young adults (age in years, 20.8 ± 2.9) of both sexes, 17 woman and 22 men performed two treadmill CPET on Ellestad protocol, in non-consecutive days. The first (T1) offered access to the support of a handrail; after 7 days, the second (T2) was performed without it. Differences between protocols for metabolic variables were compared using paried the t-test and repeated measures ANOVAS with interaction. Results: Regardless of sex, all participants exhibited superior results of metabolic parameters at T2 in contrast to T1. During T2, there was a major perception of respiratory and muscular effort, as well as a higher respiratory quotient for both sexes. When comparing T1 with T2, the VE/VCO2 slope was also significantly higher for women (29.31 ± 4.7 and 27.27 ± 4.53). For both sexes, when comparing the tests by stages, it was observed in stages 2, 3 and 4 higher values in the metabolic parameters for T2. The percentile difference for both sexes was 17% higher in S3 for women (T1=26.20±4.1 ml.kg-1.min-1;T2 28.79±4.2 ml.kg-1.min-1) and men (T1= 40.07±6.6 ml.kg-1.min-1; T2 45.92±4.8 ml.kg-1.min-1).Conclusion: The holding of the handrail attenuated the participants' cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses by more than 15% during CPET. Material and Methods: 39 young adults (age in years, 20.8 ± 2.9) of both sexes, 17 woman and 22 men performed two treadmill CPET on Ellestad protocol, in non-consecutive days. The first (T1) offered access to the support of a handrail; after 7 days, the second (T2) was performed without it. Differences between protocols for metabolic variables were compared using paried the t-test and repeated measures ANOVAs with interaction. Results: Regardless of sex, all participants exhibited superior results of metabolic parameters at T2 in contrast to T1. During T2, there was a major perception of respiratory and muscular effort, as well as a higher respiratory quotient for both sexes. When comparing T1 with T2, the VE/VCO2 slope was also significantly higher for women (29.31 ± 4.7 and 27.27 ± 4.53). For both sexes, when comparing the tests by stages, it was observed in stages 2, 3 and 4 higher values in the metabolic parameters for T2. VO2 was approximately 17% higher at T2, stage 3, for women and men. Conclusion: The holding of the handrail attenuated the participants' cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses by more than 15% during CPET.

Para a utilização da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) como planta medicinal, é necessário determinar concentrações e formas de utilização seguras e eficazes. Modelos in vitro de triagem de citotoxicidade fornecem dados preliminares para selecionar doses seguras potencialmente benéficas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a citotoxicidade aguda de diferentes concentrações de um extrato hidroetanólico de folhas de erva-mate em dois modelos de células sanguíneas humanas. Para isso, eritrócitos e células mononucleares de sangue periférico de 10 indivíduos saudáveis foram incubadas com diferentes concentrações do extrato hidroetanólico de erva-mate por 150 minutos a 37°C. Após a incubação, foram realizados testes bioquímicos de detecção de citotoxicidade. A concentração de 1000µg/mL de extrato aumentou a hemólise, a fragilidade osmótica e a peroxidação lipídica em eritrócitos, mas não teve efeito citotóxico em células mononucleares. Estes dados sugerem que altas concentrações de extrato podem ser tóxicas para alguns tipos celulares e, por isso, concentrações seguras de utilização são essenciais para a recomendação da erva-mate como planta medicinal.

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Scrib. is one of the most serious diseases of bean crops. Inoculation techniques are important to evaluate the resistance of genotypes and control methods at early stages of seedling development. Due to the need for infected seedlings, the objective of the present study was to test different inoculation methods of C. lindemuthianum on bean seeds to verify the the impact on the emergence and early development of seedlings. Seeds of BRS Expedito were inoculated by spore suspension, contact with the pathogen in a water restricted medium, and with PDA discs containing mycelium and spores of the fungus. The experimental design was completely randomized with eight repetitions. Emergence, shoot length and dry mass, and incidence of symptoms of the disease on the hypocotyl and leaf were evaluated. The inoculation methods were effective at causing the infection of the pathogen in the bean seedlings, without affecting emergence, and contact with the pathogen in a water restricted medium was the most effective method.

The productivity of beef cattle has been increasing because of nutritional and genetic factors. Older studies showed that larger beef cows produced heavier calves because they were able to ingest more food and produce more milk for calves. On the other hand, very large cows have a high nutritional requirement, consuming much more food in relation to smaller animals. A good relationship between size of the cow and the calf is important to improve production efficiency. The relationship between calf weight at weaning and cow weight can be a useful tool to evaluate the productive efficiency of beef cows (calf/cow rate). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between calf weight and cow weight at 150 days postpartum and at weaning. This research project was developed at APTA Beef Cattle Center of the Institute of Zootechnics. A total of 30 cows, subdivided into two groups, received different mineral supplementation in the dry season, 120 days before calving and in the wet season, up to 150 days after calving. Supplementation did not significantly influence the body weight of cows and calves, so this effect was eliminated. 150 days after calving, all cows received the same supplementation and were kept in the same pastures until weaning. The cows were weighed before delivery to classify them into groups by weight between 350 and 400 kg, between 401 and 500 kg and between 501 and 590 kg. The weight ratio of the calf per 100 kg of cow was calculated by dividing the weight of the calf by the weight of the cow and multiplying it by 100. After calving, the calf was weighed and received the normal care of newborns. Weaning occurred when the calves were on average of 234 days old. The experiment was completely randomized considering effect of cow group, birth month and calf gender. The SAS program was used through the Mixed command and the random effect was the animal. No effects were observed for birth month (P>0.05) for all variables. There was no influence of the cow weight group on calf birth weight (P=0.2159), either at 150 days (P=0.9402) or at weaning (P=0.5890). Male calves were heavier at birth (P=0.0069) than females, with 36.4 vs. 31.3 kg, respectively. The results of the calf-cow weight ratio were 44.8; 38.7 and 29.8 at 150 days postpartum, and 56.7; 50.4 and 40.7 kg of calf per 100 kg of cow at weaning for cows in the groups weighing 350 to 400 kg, 401 to 500 kg and 501 to 590 kg, respectively. The lighter cows showed higher productive efficiency since they weaned calves weighing similar weight compared to the heavier cows, increasing the calf-cow weight ratio.

Brazilian soils generally suffer from mineral deficiency, so that pasture alone cannot supply the mineral requirements of beef cattle, mainly during the animals’ growth phase, after weaning, when there is a high need for mineral salt supplementation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two types of mineral supplements on the weight of Nellore heifers, from weaning until 22 months of age. The research project was developed at the APTA Beef Cattle Center of the Institute of Zootechnics. Eighty-four Nellore heifers from the Traditional and Selected herds belonging to the Animal Science Institute, Sertãozinho, SP, were used, with average age of eight months at the beginning of the experiment in May 2016. Half of the heifers were kept in pastures receiving a commercial mineral supplement (TEST), while another 46 heifers were kept in pastures receiving blocks of mineral supplement with molasses from Caltech-Crystalyx (CRY), an English company. Both supplements were formulated for the dry season or wet season. The mineral supplement intake of each group was recorded weekly, by weighing the total product offered and left over. The animals were weighed every 28 days and afterwards the animals switched from one pasture to the other. The intake of the supplement varied greatly during the experiment. The animals that received supplementation in the form of CRY blocks presented average consumption levels of 189; 214 and 225 g animal-1 day-1 , while the consumption levels of the TEST group were 100; 67 and 87 g animal-1, day-1, from June to November 2016; from November 2016 to April 2017 and from May to August 2017, respectively. The CRY group had significantly higher weights (P0.05) between the supplements. The weights found for CRY heifers were 249.0 ± 4.61; 264.9 ± 5.04; 298.5 ± 5.25; 358.54 ± 6.03 kg animal-1, and for TEST heifers were 233.84 ± 4.65; 251.56 ± 5.07; 282.42 ± 5.28 and 339.32 ± 5.98 kg animal-1, for the ages of 14, 15, 17 and 20 months, respectively. In conclusion, the CRY group obtained better results regarding weight gain and maintenance than the animals in the TEST group.

Brazil is one of the biggest beef producers in the world, and several factors of the productive chain are important, among them animal nutrition because of the impact of its costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate primiparous Nellore cows’ weight loss due to delivery and body condition score (BCS) of three groups with different initial weight, receiving two different mineral supplementations. The research project was developed at the APTA Beef Cattle Center of the Institute of Zootechnics during 180 days, beginning in the dry season and ending in the wet season. The animals were divided into two treatments, one receiving mineral blocks with addition of molasses from Caltech-Crystalyx (CRY), an English company, and the other, the control, receiving mineral supplement mix (CONTROL). Both treatments had additional protein included during the dry season. Initially, the pregnant cows were classified into three groups, with initial weight between 350 and 400 kg (G1), 401 and 500 kg (G2), and 501 and 590 kg (G3). Seventeen 17 primiparous cows of the Nellore breed were in the CRY group and 19 primiparous cows in CONTROL group. During the experiment, the were weighed twice, 30 days before and 30 days after parturition, to calculate the lost weight. The BSC was assigned at parturition and 150 days after parturition (1 = extremely slim, 9 = extremely fat). A 3x2 factorial The experimental design was used. The SAS program was used through the Mixed command, considering as fixed effects the supplement, group of cows by weight and the interaction between them. The animal was considered a random effect. The supplement intake was controlled weekly and no statistical analysis was performed. The average of CRY supplement intake varied from 0.077 to 0.821 kg/animal/day. The CONTROL supplement intake varied from 0.055 to 0.370 kg/animal/day. The loss of weight was affected by the supplement (P = 0.0384), group of cow (P = 0.009) and interaction between supplement and group(P = 0.0221). No difference was found for delivery weigh loss only for the group of lightest cows (67 ± 1.23 kg for G1 CRY x 67 ± 1.09 kg for G1 CONTROL). The heaviest cows lost more weight in the CONTROL (G3 = 113 ± 1.83 kg) compared to the CRY group (G3 = 78 ± 1.64 kg). Regarding parturition, no effect was found for BSC between CRY and CONTROL (P = 0.3120) or interaction between treatments and group (P = 0.0722), but there was an effect of the group of cows (P = 0.0272). The BSC was 4.9 ± 0.25 for G1, 5.9 ± 0.21 for G2 and 5.9 ± 0.23 for G3. A significant effect was also observed of supplementation for BSC at 150 days after delivery (P = 0.0198) and group of cows (P = 0.0021), but no effect was observed for the interaction between treatment and group (P = 0.3750). The results were 5.52 ± 0.18 and 4.90 ± 0.16 for CRY and CONTROL and 4.6 ± 0.25; 5.0 ± 0.19 and 6.0 ± 0.23 for G1, G2 and G3, respectively. The CRY supplementation minimized the loss of weight because of parturition and improved the BSC, resulting in the best performance for primiparous Nellore cows.

Objetivo. El diseleniuro de difenilo (Ph2Se2) es un compuesto de selenio orgánico que es conocido por sus características antioxidantes. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si Ph2Se2 en las dietas de codorniz (Coturnix japonica) influye en el estado oxidativo/antioxidante y la calidad de la carne. Materiales y métodos. Se proporcionaron cuatro dietas (0; 0.3; 0.6; 0.9 ppm Ph2Se2) a 56 codornices machos (Coturnix japonica) distribuidas en un diseño completamente aleatorizado con 14 repeticiones para verificar si Ph2Se2 cambiaría su sangre y tejido oxidativo/antioxidante, estado, lo que llevaría a una mejora en la calidad de la carne. Resultados. La adición de Ph2Se2 en las dietas provocó un aumento de la actividad antioxidante de enzimas como la catalasa, la superóxido dismutasa y la glutatión peroxidasa, lo que redujo los niveles de oxidación en la sangre y los tejidos. Además de eso, observamos una mejora en la calidad de la carne de codorniz; en otras palabras, observamos una mayor capacidad para retener agua, una reducción en la pérdida de agua debido a la cocción y una menor intensidad del color amarillo en las mamas de las aves que fueron alimentadas con Ph2Se2. Conclusiones. Por lo tanto, concluimos que la mejora de la defensa antioxidante en los tejidos proporcionada por Ph2Se2 tiene un efecto beneficioso sobre la calidad de la carne.

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar a percepção dos professores de ensino médio sobre suas atitudes em relação à abordagem da temática do uso de álcool e outras drogas em seu trabalho. Trata se de um estudo qualitativo, através de perguntas semiestruturadas. Os participantes responderam a um questionário semiestruturado e os dados obtidos foram inseridos no software Atlas.ti, desenvolvendo-se uma análise de conteúdo do tipo temática. Produziram-se três categorias de análise: a compreensão dos professores a respeito de seu papel na discussão sobre substâncias psicoativas; dificuldades na abordagem sobre as substâncias psicoativas no âmbito do trabalho; ações e necessidades destinadas ao trabalho com a temática das substâncias psicoativas na escola. Alguns desses educadores, em sua percepção, não compreendem que discutir o tema álcool e drogas deva fazer parte de suas atribuições por não considerarem ser papel da escola. Os educadores percebem a necessidade de capacitação para trabalhar de forma interdisciplinar com a problemática, não apenas direcionada às suas próprias atuações, mas também em relação às redes de apoio e legislações sobre álcool e drogas. É necessário criar formas práticas de oferecimento de capacitações específicas sobre o uso de substâncias psicoativas aos gestores escolares e educadores, investir na implementação de espaços de discussão e reflexão dentro da escola entre docente e discentes e construir um trabalho em rede intersetorial, visando melhor enfrentamento da problemática em âmbito escolar.

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de doses de zinco aplicado em tratamento de sementes sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão e o teor foliar de micronutrientes. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na safra agrícola 2014/2015, no laboratório didático de análise de sementes, no laboratório de fertilidade e em área experimental, da Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Para a realização do experimento foi utilizado sementes de feijão cultivar BRS Expedito. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelas seguintes doses aplicados via sementes com produto a base de Zn, nas doses de 0 (0g Zn), 100 (12,0 g Zn), 200 (24,0g Zn), 300 (36,00g Zn), e 400 (48,00g Zn) mL P.C.100kg-1 de sementes. Foram realizadas avaliações na emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, teste de frio, comprimento de parte aérea e radicular, massa seca de parte aérea e radicular de plântulas e determinação dos teores de micronutrientes. O tratamento de sementes com zinco promove aumento na expressão da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão e também aumento no teor foliar do micronutriente.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect on forage yield of sowing winter forage species before and after soybean harvest, at different nitrogen application levels. The experiment was set out in a randomized block design with a strip-split plot arrangement, and three replicates. Sowing methods (18 days before soybean harvest and six days after soybean harvest) were allocated in the main plots, and the combination among forage species (Avena strigosa cv. IAPAR 61 + Lolium multiflorum; A. strigosa cv. Comum + L. multiflorum; A. strigosa cv. Comum + L. multiflorum + Vicia villosa; A. strigosa cv. Comum + L. multiflorum + Raphanus sativus; and L. multiflorum) and nitrogen levels (0, 140, 280 and 420 kg ha-1) in the plots and subplots, respectively. Forage sowing before the soybean harvest made it possible to anticipate first grazing by 14 days, with satisfactory establishment of forage species without affecting forage production. This method permitted a longer grazing period, preventing the need for soil disking, besides allowing the use of no-tillage system. The mixture of forage species enables higher forage yield for pasture in relation to single species pastures, with response to nitrogen fertilization up to 360 kg ha-1.

The technological development of livestock production has led to the appearance of many devices to control animal health, stress, behavior and water intake. Monitoring animals using wireless intra-ruminal devices can obtain data on ruminal temperature, water intake frequency and reproduction events. Knowledge about the frequency of drinking events is important so as to offer the correct amount to animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate water intake frequency of Nellore cows receiving two different mineral supplements, during 17 days in November 2016. The data were collected by a Smaxtec intra-ruminal device registering temperature each 10 minutes. A drinking event was considered to have occurred when the device measured a temperature lower than 37.7 oC. Two groups of 15 Nellore cows each were studied, one receiving salt and mineral supplement and the other receiving supplement though blocks with molasses (Caltech Crystalyx). The environmental temperature was controlled daily. The statistical analyses were performed using the univariate procedure of the SAS program. No influence was found of group receiving mineral supplement on the frequency of water ingestion events (P= 0.5163). The frequencies of drinking events were 2.92 ± 0.011 per day for cows receiving mineral supplement and 2.84 ± 0.010 per day for cows receiving Caltech Crystalyx molasses blocks. The environmental temperature influenced the frequency of drinking events. Maximum (P

Il rapporto tra fede e ragione è la questione meta-teologica per eccellenza. L’autore si propone dunque d’indagare se il modello oggi prevalente di “ragione umile” – basato su fallibilismo e umiltà epistemica – sia il più adeguato per esprimere le verità teologiche, anche alla luce del dibattito interno al teismo contemporaneo (teologia razionale). Per rispondere a questa domanda è necessario esaminare lo statuto epistemologico della verità umana e della verità di fede, per poter elaborare un metodo comune alle discipline scientifiche, filosofiche e teologiche, capace di trovare un equilibrio tra fideismo e positivismo teologico. Dopo una breve panoramica storica dei rapporti tra fede e ragione nel pensiero occidentale (con particolare attenzione alla dottrina dei praeambula fidei), l’articolo cercherà di mostrare come, nel paradigma della verità relazionale e del fallibilismo sia necessario integrare il problema delle fonti, dell’autorità, del concetto di ispirazione e della nozione di “rivelazione”, giacché contraddistinguono la teologia rispetto alla filosofia. Si mostrerà infine come la dimensione comunitaria e della scelta (appello alla libertà) siano connaturate alla teologia intesa come fede critica, la cui peculiarità è di collocarsi senza nostalgie nel mezzo tra fideismo, razionalismo e un certo relativismo. Dal percorso emergerà infine la proposta di una nuova cristeologia.

A utilização de métodos de inoculação constitui uma ferramenta essencial no manejo de doenças, estudo de resistência, seleção e aplicação de produtos. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de diferentes métodos de inoculação de Rhizoctonia bataticola em sementes de feijão. Os tratamentos constituíram de diferentes métodos de inoculação: suspensão de hifas, contato com restrição hídrica, inoculação do substrato com discos de BDA contendo micélio do fungo e um tratamento controle. Após a inoculação das sementes, foram feitas avaliações de emergência, comprimento de parte aérea, massa seca de parte aérea e incidência de doença na folha e no caule. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com oito repetições, sendo os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste a Tukey 5% de probabilidade. O método de inoculação por suspensão de hifas é o mais adequado para inoculação de Rhizoctonia bataticola em sementes de feijão, visto que proporcionou uma maior incidência de plântulas infectadas sem afetar a emergência. Rhizoctonia inoculation methods bataticola (taub.) (Phaseolina Macrophomina (tassi) goid) in bean seeds Abstract: The use of inoculation methods is an essential tool in the management of diseases, study of resistance, selection and application products. The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different Rhizoctonia inoculation methods bataticola in bean seeds. The treatments consisted of different methods of inoculation: hyphae suspension, contact with water restriction, inoculation of the substrate with BDA discs containing fungal mycelium and a control treatment. After inoculation of the seeds were made emergency assessments, shoot length, dry weight of shoot and incidence of disease in the leaf and stem. The experimental design was completely randomized with eight repetitions, the data and were subjected to analysis of variance and the averages were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The hyphal suspension for inoculation method is best suited for inoculation of Rhizoctonia bataticola bean seeds, as they provided a higher incidence of infected seedlings without affecting the emergency.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different grazing periods on beef animal production and on wheat forage and grain yield. The experiment was carried out in Pato Branco, PR, Brazil. Six grazing periods were evaluated (0, 21, 42, 63, 84, and 105 days) on dual-purpose wheat cultivar BRS Tarumã. Purunã steers, with average live weight of 162 kg and ten months of age, were kept under continuous grazing using a variable stocking rate, in order to maintain the established sward height of 25 cm. Greater increases in total animal gain (TAG) occurred with longer grazing periods. However, there was little increase after 63 days (490 kg ha-1), and TAG decreased from 552 to 448 kg ha-1 between 84 and 105 days. Grain yield decreased from 2,830 to 610 kg ha-1 when the grazing period increased from 0 to 105 days, but there was little change after 63 days (750 kg ha-1). Cultivar BRS Tarumã shows excellent animal production potential, and the decision on how long wheat pastures should be grazed must be based on relative prices of grain and livestock.

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of grazing intensities and nitrogen fertilization levels on the dynamics of a Brachiaria plantaginea pasture. The experiment was laid out as a random block design, in a 3 × 2 factorial scheme, composed of three nitrogen levels (0, 200 and 400 kg/ha nitrogen in urea form) and two grazing intensities termed low mass (LM; forage mass of 1500 kg of DM/ha) and high mass (HM; forage mass of 3000 kg of DM/ha) in a continuously stocked swards with two replications. Animals used were half-blood Boer goats averaging five months old and 21 kg body weight (BW) for adjustment of the target forage mass. Real forage mass, average height of the plants and animal stocking rates were of 2,567 and 3,862 kg DM/ha; 23.6 and 31.2 cm and 2,804 and 2,089 kg BW/ha respectively for low and high mass. Accumulation rate was of 100, 147 and 132 kg DM/ha/day and total production 13,659; 19,834 and 17,820 kg DM/ha, respectively to the 0, 200 and 400 kg N/ha. There were no differences on pasture yield among grazing intensities suggesting that higher stocking rates can be used. The level of 200 kg N/ha promotes the best response on papuã grass pastures. Papuã grass shows high yield, good production distribution during the plant cycle and excellent nutritional value.Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da intensidade de pastejo e dos níveis de abubação nitrogenada sobre a dinâmica de uma pastagem de Brachiaria plantaginea. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3 × 2, composto de três níveis de adubação nitrogenada (0, 200 e 400 kg/ha de nitrogênio na forma de ureia) e duas intensidades de pastejo (1.500 e 3.000 kg de MS/ha, respectivamente, para as massas baixa e alta em pastejo com lotação contínua e taxa de lotação variável), totalizando seis tratamentos, cada um com duas repetições. Foram utilizados caprinos meio-sangue Boer com 5 meses de idade e peso médio de 21 kg de peso vivo (PV) para ajuste das massas de forragem preconizadas. A massa de forragem real, a altura média das plantas e a carga animal foram de 2.567 e 3.862 kg de MS/ha; 23,6 e 31,2 cm; e 2.804 e 2.089 kg de PV/ha respectivamente para as massas baixa e alta. A taxa de acúmulo foi de 100, 147 e 132 kg de MS/ha/dia e a produção total, de 13.659, 19.834 e 17.820 kg de MS/ha, respectivamente para as doses de 0, 200 e 400 kg de N/ha. Não houve diferença na produtividade da pastagem entre as intensidades de pastejo, logo maior carga animal pode ser utilizada. O nível de 200 kg de N/ha promove a melhor resposta em pastagens de capim-papuã. O capimpapuã tem alta produtividade, boa distribuição da produção ao longo do ciclo e excelente valor nutricional.

Objetivou-se determinar os possíveis efeitos da restrição de luminosidade, obtida com distintas densidades de árvores de Pinnus taeda, sobre a produção e qualidade de: aveia-preta (Avena strigosa Schreb) cv. Comum, aveia-branca (Avena sativa L.) cv. Fapa 2, azevém (Lolium multiflorum L.) cv. Comum, trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) duplo propósito cv. BRS Tarumã e ervilhaca peluda (Vicia villosa L.). Avaliaram-se três níveis de luminosidade: a sol aberto (sem presença de árvores de Pinnus taeda), 30% de restrição de radiação (usando espaçamento entre árvores de 15 × 3 m, com 222 árvores/ha) e 60% de restrição de radiação (usando espaçamento de 9 × 3 m, com 370 árvores/ha). Foram realizadas avaliações da produção de forragem, da composição química e dos componentes estruturais das plantas, do potencial hídrico das plantas, da umidade do solo, das variáveis microclimáticas e da produção de acículas. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos completos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas e três repetições. O azevém foi a espécie mais produtiva em todos os níveis de luminosidade, embora a ervilhaca tenha apresentado a menor redução de produção quando sombreada. Houve maior potencial hídrico nas plantas e maior umidade no solo nos ambientes sombreados, mesmo assim, a produção de forragem reduziu significativamente no sombreamento mais intenso (81%). A composição química e os componentes estruturais de todas as forrageiras estudadas também são afetados pelo aumento da restrição luminosa.Possible effects of brightness restriction, obtained by different Pinnus taeda tree densities, on the production and quality of black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) cv. Common, white oat (Avena sativa L.) cv. FAPA 2, annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) cv. Common, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. dual purpose BRS Tarumã were studied. It was evaluated three brightness levels: 1 - full sunlight with no trees; 2 - 30% of radiation restriction, using 15 × 3 m spacing between trees (222 trees/ha), and; 3 - 60% of radiation restriction, using 9 × 3 m between trees (370 trees/ha). It was performed evaluations of forage production, chemical composition and structural component of plants, water potential of the plants, soil moisture, microclimate variables and production of needles. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, in split-plots and three replicates. Ryegrass was the most productive species at all brightness levels, although hairy vetch showed the lowest reduction on production under shading. There was higher water potential in the plants and higher soil moisture under shading, however, forage production was significantly reduced in the most intense shading (81%). Chemical composition and structural components of all studied forage species are also affected by brightness restriction increase.

The objectives of this work were to determine the heliotropic movements of the upper trifoliates for two soybean cultivars, BR 16 and Embrapa 48, during a daily cycle, in three phenological stages and two water regimes, and to estimate the impact of irrigation and daily leaflet movements on agronomic characteristics and grain yield. Heliotropic movements were studied in three phenological stages: V4-V6, V7-V10, and R5 in irrigated and non-irrigated plots. For each stage, the leaflet elevation and azimuth were measured hourly. Under a low (V4-V6 stage) and mid (V7-V10 stage) leaf area index (LAI) the diaheliotropism was slightly more frequent and intensive in non-irrigated than in irrigated plants, only at early morning and late afternoon hours. At R5 stage (high LAI) the paraheliotropism of superior trifoliates was predominant and more intensive in non-irrigated plants. The heliotropic movements are correlated to carbon gain, but not to environment (light intensity or temperature), for measurements at 11h. 'Embrapa 48' expresses greater paraheliotropism than 'BR 16' at high LAI, while 'BR 16' displays lower heliotropic plasticity under irrigation. In spite of significant heliotropic differences, genotype and water availability treatments did not influence the final grain yield.Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar o movimento heliotrópico dos trifólios superiores de duas cultivares de soja, BR 16 e Embrapa 48, durante o dia, em três estádios fenológicos e em dois regimes hídricos e determinar o impacto da irrigação e do movimento foliar diário nas características agronômicas e na produção de grãos. Movimentos heliotrópicos foram determinados a cada hora, em três estádios fenológicos: V4-V6, V7-V10 e R5, em parcelas irrigadas e não irrigadas. Para cada estágio, a elevação do folíolo e o azimute foram medidos por hora. Em índices de área foliar (IAF) baixo e médio (V4-V6 e V7-V10), o diaheliotropismo foi levemente mais intenso e frequente nas plantas sem irrigação do que nas irrigadas, e somente nas primeiras horas matinais e últimas horas da tarde. Em R5 (alto IAF), o paraheliotropismo dos trifólios superiores foi predominante e mais intenso em plantas não irrigadas. Os movimentos heliotrópicos se correlacionaram com o ganho de carbono mas não com o ambiente (intensidade de luz ou temperatura), para medidas às 11 horas. 'Embrapa 48' apresenta maior paraheliotropismo do que 'BR 16', em plantas com alto IAF enquanto 'BR 16' apresenta menor plasticidade nas respostas heliotrópicas nas parcelas irrigadas. Apesar de diferenças no heliotropismo, o genótipo e disponibilidade de água não influenciaram a produção de grãos.

Vulgarmente conhecida como “vaquinha”, Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) ocorre na maioria dos estados brasileiros, destacando-se como uma das mais importantes pragas do feijoeiro e do milho. Visando avaliar a atividade inseticida de extratos brutos aquosos de nove espécies vegetais sobre os adultos deste inseto, realizou-se este trabalho. O experimento, conduzido em laboratório, foi realizado sob delineamento completamente casualizado, com dez tratamentos e quatro repetições. Para tal, utilizou-se um frasco, contendo em seu interior cinco espécimes adultos e uma folha de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris Linnaeus) previamente imersa no extrato, tampado com um recorte de pano poroso e fixado por uma borracha. A variável avaliada foi número de espécimes de D. speciosa vivos. Os tratamentos consistiram em extratos de salvia (Salvia officinalis Linnaeus), cravo (Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb), noz-moscada (Myristica fragans Houtt), cinamomo (Melia azedarach Linnaeus), timbó (Ateleia glazioveana Baill), eucalipto (Eucalyptus citriodora Hook), canela (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume), figueira (Ficus microcarpa Linnaeus f.), alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis Linnaeus) e a testemunha (apenas água destilada). As avaliações de sobrevivência foram realizadas a cada 24 horas, durante 10 dias. Sobre o número de espécimes vivos efetuou-se a análise de variância em bifatorial (10 extratos x 11 horários após a aplicação). As médias foram agrupadas pelo teste de Duncan ao nível de 5% de probabilidade de erro. Os extratos mais eficientes foram o timbó, noz-moscada e cinamomo, com porcentagens de eficiência variando entre 80,4% e 100%.

Ensaio de hermenêutica sobre as imagens simbólicas de nonagenários com a finalidade de investigar as estruturas do imaginário prevalentes e suas organizações psíquicas. Por meio de entrevistas semanais abertas, foram coligidas estórias, grafismos, sonhos, devaneios e lembranças dos anciões. O material foi analisado analisado segundo a teoria do imaginário de Gilbert Durand, que propõe uma interpretação não pulsional do símbolo. Os critérios de amostragem foram: faixa etária acima de 90 anos, ausência de um quadro de demência senil arteriosclerótica (serem clinicamente saudáveis), atividade social e participação voluntária. Os resultados indicam ausência de uma estrutura do imaginário recorrente, presença de uma exuberante imaginação simbólica, permeabilidade entre conteúdos da memória e imaginação, além de criatividade e vívidos processos afetivos.

Vulgarly known as “vaquinha”, Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) spread itself to the majority of Brazilian states, and it became distinguished as one of the most serious pests affecting beans and maize. The aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal activity of the crude watery extracts of nine vegetable species on “vaquinha” adults. The laboratory experiment was carried out in completely randomized delineation, with ten treatments and four repetitions. For such, a bottle was used, containing five insect specimens and a common bean leaf (Phaseolus vulgaris Linnaeus) previously immersed in the extract, covered with a clipping of porous cloth and fixed by a rubber band. The evaluated variable was the number of surviving D. speciosa specimens. The treatments consisted of salvia (Salvia officinalis Linnaeus), cravo (Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb), moscada nut (Myristica fragans Houtt), cinamomo (Melia azedarach Linnaeus), timbo (Ateleia glazioveana Baill), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora Hook), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume), figueira (Ficus microcarpa Linnaeus f.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis Linnaeus) and control (distilled water alone). The evaluations of survival were carried out every 24 hours over a period of 10 days. For the live specimen number, two-way analysis of variance (10 extracts x 11 times after application) was used. The averages were grouped by the Duncan test on the level of 5% of probability. The most efficient extracts were timbo, moscada nut and cinamomo, with efficiency percentages varying between 80.4% and 100%.

O cedro australiano (Toona ciliata M. Roem.) é uma espécie da família Meliaceae introduzida no Brasil por apresentar características tecnológicas da madeira excelentes para serraria. Entretanto, apesar de estar há algumas décadas no país, estudos relacionados à produção de mudas ainda são escassos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o vigor de dois lotes de sementes de cedro australiano comercializados e o desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas da espécie em diferentes substratos. Foram utilizados dois lotes de diferentes procedências, Santa Catarina e Bahia e seis substratos, constituindo-se os tratamentos: T1 - substrato comercial Carolina Soil®; T2 - substrato comercial Beifort®; T3 - fibra de coco; T4 – vermiculita média; T5 - casca de arroz in natura e; T6 - casca de arroz carbonizada. Para cada tratamento, foram utilizadas 200 sementes divididas em oito repetições, as quais foram distribuídas em caixas plásticas. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema bifatorial 2 x 6 (lotes x substratos), totalizando 12 tratamentos. As variáveis avaliadas foram: Emergência aos 20 e 40 dias (E20 e E40), Índice de Velocidade de Emergência (IVE), Comprimento total (CT), Comprimento radicular (CR), Comprimento da parte aérea (CA), Número de folhas verdadeiras (NFV) e Massa seca de plântulas (MS). Verificou-se diferença nos lotes de sementes, onde a procedência da Bahia apresentou maior vigor. Entre os substratos, os melhores foram vermiculita e casca de arroz carbonizada os quais proporcionaram maior IVE, E20 e E40, comprimento total de plântulas, massa seca e número de folhas verdadeiras.

O presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar as fontes de vantagens competitivas que a indústria de confecção encontra na região Sudoeste do Paraná para o seu desenvolvimento e averiguar a importância dada pelos entrevistados a estas vantagens. A metodologia utilizada para desenvolver a pesquisa foi preenchimento de questionário de pesquisa, com questões qualitativas e quantitativas, pelos proprietários da indústria de confecção, desenvolvidos com base na teoria da competitividade de Michael Porter, a Vantagem Competitiva das Nações, e de Luciano Coutinho e João Ferraz, Estudo da Competitividade da Indústria Brasileira: competitividade da indústria do vestuário; análise e tabulação dos dados levantados na pesquisa de campo. A teoria da competitividade, por abranger um conjunto de elementos que atinge desde fatores externos ao país onde a indústria está localizada, perpassando pelos determinantes da competitividade em nível nacional, estadual, regional, alcançando os fatores internos às próprias indústrias, possibilitou a identificação dos fatores que motivaram a implantação e desenvolvimento da indústria de confecção na Região de estudo. Como conclusão apresenta-se um conjunto de fatores considerados pelos empresários da indústria de confecção como as maiores vantagens competitivas encontradas na região Sudoeste para o desenvolvimento desta indústria.

The confection industry was one of the precursory industriesof the process of industrialization of Southwestern Mesoregionof Paraná. This industry began its activities in Mesoregion inthe end of the 1970’s and beginning of the 1980’s. Startingfrom the 1990’s, the number of industrial units have grownimmensely in terms of increase of jobs and income, being partof the industrial sectors with larger economical importance ofthe region. The present article aims at identifying the factorsthat conditioned the implantation of the confection industry inSouthwest Mesoregion of Paraná and their perspectives. Inconclusion, it presents a group of factors that have influencedthe implantation and consolidation of the confection industryin Mesoregion and it evaluates the perspectives of thatregional industry based upon in the study of their competitiveadvantages.

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We have studied the treatment of Reactive Black 5 (RP5) and Blue 19 (RA19), which are respectively azo and anthraquinone textile dyes, by electrochemical oxidation using a non commercial boron doped diamond electrode supported on titanium metallic with a relation between B and C equal to 15,000 ppm. Pt was used as counter electrode and Ag/AgCl(sat) was the reference electrode. The variables investigated to optimize the degradation were support electrolyte concentration (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mol L-1 of K2SO4), temperature (25, 35 and 45 ºC) and pH (2.5 and 10) by applying a current density of 75 mA cm-2. Total decolorization was observed in all electrochemical conditions studied. The highest rates of mineralization and chromatographic area removal were attained at high support electrolyte concentration due to the increase of conductivity, which caused more generation of hydroxyl radicals. RP5 was degraded at lower electrolysis time than RA19 with smaller requirement of electric charge. The mineralization rate increased in acid medium and at higher temperature since the increase in temperature favors the generation reactions of persulfate. These conditions led to the highest levels of current efficiencies and lower energy consumed.