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La cardiomiopatía diabética es una complicación grave de la diabetes causada por estrés oxidativo, inflamación, resistencia a la insulina, fibrosis miocárdica y lipotoxicidad. Se trata de un padecimiento insidioso, complejo y difícil de tratar. El inflamasoma NLRP3 desencadena la maduración y liberación de citoquinas proinflamatorias, participa en procesos fisiopatológicos como la resistencia a la insulina y la fibrosis miocárdica, además de estar estrechamente relacionado con la aparición y progresión de la cardiomiopatía diabética. El desarrollo de inhibidores dirigidos a aspectos específicos de la inflamación sugiere que el inflamasoma NLRP3 puede utilizarse para tratar la cardiomiopatía diabética. Este artículo pretende resumir el mecanismo y las dianas terapéuticas del inflamasoma NLRP3 en la cardiomiopatía diabética, así como aportar nuevas sugerencias para el tratamiento de esta enfermedad.

El Síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP) es el desorden endocrinológico más frecuente en mujeres en edad reproductiva y es la causa más importante de infertilidad por anovulación crónica. Al ser una patología de origen multifactorial su abordaje no se encuentra bien definido, por lo que esta revisión tiene como fin explicar los tratamientos disponibles a nivel mundial. La primera línea de tratamiento históricamente utilizada es la modificación del estilo de vida. Los anticonceptivos orales combinados (ACOS) son la primera elección como tratamiento farmacológico y son utilizados para manejo a largo plazo de la patología. Los sensibilizadores de insulina son una alternativa útil en el manejo de la resistencia a la insulina y constituyen una opción idónea para agregar secundariamente a cualquier tratamiento de primera línea. Creciente evidencia científica provee a los prescriptores con nuevas herramientas alternativas como suplementos, nuevos fármacos, probióticos e intervenciones quirúrgicas para abordar multifactorialmente esta afección. Finalmente, se concluye que las terapias discutidas pueden ser utilizadas solas o en conjunto y se resalta la importancia de individualizar el abordaje de cada paciente con las alternativas disponibles más adecuadas.

La obesidad se caracteriza por una acumulación excesiva de grasa corporal y es un problema de salud pública creciente en todo el mundo. La alta prevalencia de deficiencia de vitamina D en pacientes obesos ha sido bien documentada y se atribuye principalmente a un efecto dilucional por una mayor cantidad de tejido adiposo. Aún no ha sido establecido si la deficiencia de vitamina D es una causa concreta de obesidad, si la obesidad causa deficiencia de vitamina D, o si entre ambas forman un círculo vicioso. Sin embargo, se ha documentado que dicha deficiencia podría exacerbar el proceso evolutivo natural de la obesidad, aumentando el riesgo de desarrollar comorbilidades. La suplementación con vitamina D en esta población es un área de investigación cada vez más popular debido a sus posibles beneficios, sin embargo, también existen estudios con resultados no concluyentes sobre su utilidad. Esta revisión examina las causas de la deficiencia de vitamina D en pacientes obesos, las consecuencias clínicas de dicha deficiencia, y la evidencia sobre el valor de su suplementación en este grupo poblacional.

We utilize various nuclear reaction codes with the aim to guide, interpret, and support the experiments in the proton-induced production measurements of radionuclides for the development of innovative radio-pharmaceuticals. The understanding of reaction cross sections at low-intermediate energies is crucial in this context and requires the knowledge of nuclear models available in different codes, such as EMPIRE, TALYS, and FLUKA. These nuclear reaction codes serve as tool to interpret the measurement of production cross-sections and to complete the measurements with estimates of production of contaminants and/or stable isotopes that are difficult to measure. We illustrate different model calculations to simulate isotope production useful in experiments devoted to the measurement of proton-induced production of the two theranostic radio-isotopes 67Cu and 47Sc.

The cross sections of the 68Zn(p,2p)67Cu,68Zn(p,2n)67Ga and 68Zn(p,3n)66Ga reactions were measured at the ARRONAX facility by using the 70 MeV cyclotron, with particular attention to the production of the theranostic radionuclide 67Cu. Enriched 68Zn material was electroplated on silver backing and exposed to alow-intensity proton beam by using the stacked-foils target method. Since 67Cu and 67Ga radionuclides have similar half-lives and same γ-lines (they both decay to 67Zn), a radiochemical process aimed at Cu/Ga separation was mandatory to avoid interferences in γ-spectrometry measurements. A simple chemical procedure having a high separation efficiency (>99%)was developed and monitored during each foil processing, thanks to the tracer isotopes 61Cu and 66Ga.Nuclear cross sections were measured in the energy range 35-70 MeV by using reference reactions recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to monitor beam flux. In comparison with literature data a general good agreement on the trend of the nuclear reactions was noted, especially with latest measurements, but slightly lower values were obtained in case of 67Cu. Experimental results of the 68Zn(p,2p)67Cu,68Zn(p,2n)67Ga and 68Zn(p,3n)66Ga reactions were also compared with the theoretical values estimated by using the nuclear reaction code TALYS. The production yield of the theranostic radionuclide 67Cu was estimated considering the results obtained in this work.

The question of what the law is may preoccupy some legal theorists. Answering it is definitely the legal professionals’ nightmare. Constitutional and statutory requirements now require Taiwan’s officials and lawyers to confront the problem of ascertaining and applying indigenous customs in the exercise of all state powers. Yet, the most widely accepted juridical concept of custom results in a choice between two evils, to wit, breaching either the general duty to uphold law or the concrete obligation to respect indigenous values. So far, efforts have only been made to document the customs, but the documentation thus produced is too ethnographic to be legally useful. The challenge, therefore, is one of translation. Values are to be carried from an indigenous world into the modern one, and the little-known form of custom is to be expressed in the language of the science of law. This paper argues for the translation of indigenous customs with conceptions available in an array of examples from European legal history. This paper explains that, in cases like Taiwan, the solutions known to the English-speaking literature all end in the dilemma I call »modern state centralism« (MSC). The solutions are divided into two types: legal pluralism and Francisco Suárez’s conception of custom. The former defeats itself in that its criticism against the state’s monopoly of law amounts to suggesting that the state tolerate all kinds of non-state normativity. The latter reduces to MSC because recent literature ignores Suárez’s legal historical references and important studies written in German. The rest of the section shows how »non-modern« legal techniques may help. This paper concludes by suggesting that the concept pair of law and custom be dissociated from four others, to wit, written and unwritten law, state and society, law in books and law in action, and, finally, alien and native law.

This paper challenges the modern legal concept of “person” by analyzing the translation problems of some Roman law fragments. It shows why the Latin word “persona” cannot be the etymon of the vernacular “person,” and argues that the modern use of “person” stems from the nineteenth-century German juridical literature, especially that of F. C. von Savigny. This paper shows that “persona” forms a phrase with verbs like gerere, tenere and sustinere (bear, carry, hold, etc.) and has no meaning by itself. Such phrases require a noun complement in genitive form, as their synonym “represent,” which is transitive, needs a direct object. On the other hand, the modern literature attributes a sense to “person,” taking it as equivalent to “human individual” and using it word with the verb “be.” This use is a modern invention and cannot be re-translated into Latin without semantic confusion.