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En este artículo postulamos que en los sistemas filosóficos de Jean-Paul Sartre y Albert Camus se observa un reconocimiento del existir humano como absurdo, entendido en el primero como una condición ontológica del para-sí, y en el segundo como el divorcio entre nuestra pretensión de sentido en el mundo y la indiferencia de este. Mediante una hermenéutica comparativa de textos de ambos autores, concluiremos que el absurdo en Sartre nos aboca a crear nuestra esencia conforme existimos y puede trascenderse, mientras que, en Camus, el absurdo es insuperable, pero aprehenderlo es nuestra única vía para convivir con dicha condición.

Resumen: El síndrome de vómitos cíclicos (SVC) es un trastorno caracterizado por episodios recurrentes e impredecibles de vómitos intensos, separados por periodos de bienestar aparente. Este trastorno, que afecta principalmente a niños y adolescentes, aunque puede persistir en la edad adulta, ha sido objeto de un extenso estudio y análisis en la literatura médica recientemente. El propósito de esta revisión es explorar los aspectos más importantes de la epidemiología, la fisiopatología, los subtipos, los criterios diagnósticos y el manejo actual del SVC. Aunque la etiología exacta sigue siendo desconocida, se postulan factores genéticos (polimorfismos), alteraciones del sistema nervioso y desregulación autonómica, y ambientales (uso y abuso de cannabinoides) como posibles desencadenantes. El SVC presenta desafíos significativos en términos de diagnóstico, ya que no existe una prueba específica para confirmar su presencia. Se requiere una evaluación minuciosa de los síntomas y la exclusión de otras posibles causas de vómitos recurrentes. En cuanto al tratamiento, el manejo del SVC suele adoptar un enfoque multidisciplinario. Se exploran opciones farmacológicas, como antieméticos y medicamentos preventivos, así como terapias conductuales y de apoyo psicológico. La personalización del tratamiento es esencial, adaptándolo a las necesidades individuales de cada paciente. A pesar de los avances en la comprensión del SVC, sigue siendo un desafío clínico significativo. Este trastorno impacta la calidad de vida de los afectados y sus familias, destacando la necesidad continua de investigación y desarrollo de estrategias de tratamiento más efectivas. Abstract: Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a disorder characterized by recurrent and unpredictable episodes of intense vomiting, interspersed with periods of apparent wellbeing. This disorder, which primarily affects children and adolescents but can persist into adulthood, has recently been the subject of extensive study and analysis in the medical literature. The aim of the present review is to examine the most important aspects of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, subtypes, diagnostic criteria, and current management of CVS. Even though the exact etiology remains unknown, genetic factors (polymorphisms), nervous system alterations and autonomic dysregulation, and environmental factors (use and abuse of cannabinoids) are postulated as possible triggers. CVS has significant diagnostic challenges, given that there is no specific test for confirming its presence. Thorough evaluation of symptoms and the ruling out of other possible causes of recurrent vomiting are required. Management of CVS typically involves a multidisciplinary approach. Pharmacologic options are explored, such as antiemetics and preventive medications, as well as behavioral and psychologic support therapies. Treatment personalization is essential, adapting it to the individual needs of each patient. Despite advances in the understanding of CVS, it remains a significant clinical challenge. This disorder impacts the quality of life of those affected and their families, underscoring the ongoing need for research and the development of more effective treatment strategies.

Introdução: A canábis constitui a substância ilícita com maior prevalência de consumo ao longo da vida em Portugal. Apesar do seu uso medicinal pelas suas propriedades antieméticas tem sido reconhecida uma entidade clínica paradoxal – o síndroma de hiperemese por canabinoides (SHC) – caracterizada pelo consumo crónico de canabinoides (habitualmente diário), episódios cíclicos de náuseas e vómitos refratários a terapêuticas convencionais e o recurso a banhos quentes compulsivos para alívio sintomático. Descrição do caso: Mulher de 36 anos, com múltiplas idas aos cuidados de saúde primários por queixas de náuseas e vómitos cíclicos, ainda em investigação. Recorreu ao serviço de urgência (SU) por queixas de epigastralgias, náuseas e vómitos com três dias de evolução. Realizou estudo complementar que não revelou alterações de relevo. Administrada medicação antiemética e pantoprazol com reduzida melhoria das queixas. Durante a permanência no SU foi encontrada por diversas vezes a tomar duches quentes, solicitando recorrentemente para o fazer, afirmando que era a única medida que aliviava as suas queixas. Adicionalmente apurou-se ainda história de consumo crónico de canabinoides, levando à hipótese diagnóstica de SHC. Comentário: É comum registar-se um atraso importante no diagnóstico desta síndroma e associar-se frequentemente à realização de diversos exames complementares de diagnóstico (ECD), terapêuticas e internamentos hospitalares. Assim, procurou-se sensibilizar a comunidade médica para a SHC, enquanto diagnóstico diferencial de vómitos recorrentes difíceis de tratar, em indivíduos com história de consumo de canabinoides. O presente relato de caso visa promover o conhecimento sobre a SHC, possibilitando a sua atempada identificação e adequada abordagem terapêutica.

Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are common adverse drug reactions (ADR) experienced by children undergoing treatment for cancer. New paediatric ADR Assessment Causality and Avoidability tools (LCAT and LAAT) of Liverpool are suitable for categorizing factors related to ADR prevention and improving patient care. Still, no studies to date have compared the utility and results of its application for CINV in countries with different levels of development. Objective: To investigate the utility of the Liverpool Adverse Drug Reaction Causality and Avoidability Assessment Tools (LCAT and LAAT) in assessing CINV in children. Method: Prospective observational study of CINV assessment in children aged 4 to 16 years from Alder Hey Children’s Hospital (Liverpool, UK) and “Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira” (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Children (helped by the parents) completed a symptom diary during chemotherapy and for 24 hours after treatment. Information regarding underlying diagnosis, past medical history, and medications administered was collected from the patient record. Case reports were prepared, and the temporal relationship between nausea and vomiting and exposure to chemotherapy, including any strategy to prevent CINV, was recorded. The causality and avoidability were assessed with LCAT and LAAT, respectively. Results: There were 26 reports of CINV in 36 chemotherapy cycles. The causality assessment was ‘definite’ for 24 cases. Twenty ADRs were deemed ‘definitely avoidable’ and four ‘not avoidable’. Selection of inappropriate therapeutic options and non-administration of antiemetic were the most common factors observed in the hospitals studied. Conclusion: The LCAT and LAAT were helpful for assessing CINV in children in two different hospitals.

Introducción: las náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios se sitúan como la peor experiencia del paciente junto al dolor y el despertar intraoperatorio. Objetivo: determinar la incidencia de náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios en pacientes que reciben anestesia general para cirugía electiva. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal en 2 334 pacientes desde enero de 2013 a diciembre de 2018, en el Hospital Universitario Clínico-Quirúrgico Arnaldo Milián Castro y el Hospital Universitario Dr. Celestino Hernández Robau, de Santa Clara. Se estudiaron las variables: sexo, edad, tabaquismo, antecedentes de cinetosis, náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios, agentes anestésicos y halogenados empleados, uso de opiodes perioperatorios, tipo de intervención quirúrgica según estancia hospitalaria y tratamiento al sitio quirúrgico, tiempo quirúrgico y aparición de náuseas y vómitos en las primeras 24 horas del postoperatorio. Resultados: la incidencia de náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios fue de 15,9%, con predominio en el sexo femenino, en pacientes menores de 50 años de edad, los no fumadores, los que presentaban antecedentes de náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios o cinetosis, en los que se utilizó agentes halogenados y opiodes postoperatorios, en cirugía no ambulatoria y de enfoque convencional, y en los pacientes con tiempos quirúrgicos iguales o mayores a una hora. Conclusiones: la incidencia de náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios fue baja y se estableció una probabilidad de náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios desde ningún factor hasta 7 factores de riesgo de: 5,5 %, 6,9 %, 13,3 %, 29,7 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 % y 71,4 %, respectivamente.

Resumen: En el presente artículo, en base a una revisión de la literatura y su experiencia personal, un equipo multidisciplinar de 14 profesionales sanitarios (incluyendo dermatólogos, reumatólogos, neurólogos, gastroenterólogos, farmacéuticos y enfermeras) ha elaborado una serie de recomendaciones generales y específicas (basadas en la fisiopatología) para el manejo de los efectos adversos secundarios a apremilast que con mayor frecuencia conducen a la suspensión del tratamiento (diarrea, náuseas y cefalea). Se aportan algoritmos sencillos de manejo que incluyen aspectos clínicos de evaluación y sugerencias de tratamiento farmacológico.Los efectos adversos de apremilast pueden ser abordados desde un punto de vista multidisciplinar y la optimización en su manejo pretende proporcionar un beneficio clínico a los pacientes que los sufren. Abstract: We present a series of general and specific recommendations based on pathophysiologic considerations for managing the most common adverse effects of apremilast that lead to treatment discontinuation: diarrhea, nausea, and headache. The recommendations are based on a review of the literature and the experience of a multidisciplinary team of 14 experts including dermatologists, rheumatologists, neurologists, gastroenterologists, pharmacists, and nurses. We propose a series of simple algorithms that include clinical actions and suggestions for pharmacologic treatment.The adverse effects of apremilast can be managed from a multidisciplinary approach. The purpose of optimizing management is to bring clinical benefits to patients.

Introducción: En el presente artículo se describen los resultados de un estudio fenomenológico cuyo propósito fue comprender la dinámica de la resiliencia en los estudiantes que han estado en situación de riesgo académico en tres Universidades de la ciudad de Cartagena. Método: El acercamiento metodológico se hizo a través de un estudio cualitativo fenomenológico, a partir del cual se estableció como método la fenomenología de la excedencia del sujeto y en el que se propone el análisis de tres nuevos existenciales que se implican en la dinámica de la resiliencia en el contexto académico: Nausea, Evasión y Excedencia (Levinas, 2011). Para la recolección de la información se utilizó la entrevista fenomenológica realizada a estudiantes de tres universidades de la ciudad de Cartagena (Colombia) que hubiesen estado en condición académica de riesgo. Resultados: Los resultados del estudio dan cuenta de los sentidos, emociones y experiencias que median los espacios académicos habitados por los estudiantes en términos de la náusea (factores de riesgo), la evasión (factores protectores) y la excedencia (resiliencia). Finalmente, para la comprensión de la dinámica de la resiliencia es necesario abordar algunos elementos externos al estudiante pero que se encuentran sujetos al proceso educativo y otros que hacen parte de la configuración individual del sujeto en el proceso educativo. Discusión: La resiliencia se presenta en el contexto académico como la capacidad del estudiante para sobreponerse a los factores (internos y externos) que ponen en riesgo su permanencia y desempeño en la universidad. Se entiende así, el contexto universitario como un lugar en el que el riesgo y el sobreponerse a él hacen parte fundamental de la formación profesional.

Introdução: Náuseas e vômitos induzidos por quimioterapia acometem cerca de 70-80% dos pacientes com câncer. Assim, é importante a utilização de um instrumento para avaliar melhor esses sintomas, visando a um tratamento mais adequado. Objetivo: Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente a escala Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesis para o contexto brasileiro. Método: Estudo correlacional do tipo survey, com tradução e adaptação cultural da escala segundo o protocolo da European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer – Quality of Life Group (EORTC-QLG). A amostra foi constituída por 160 pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico em uma clínica de oncologia. No processo de validação, realizaram-se análises de correlação multimétodos entre os itens da escala Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesis e os escores das escalas visuais numéricas de náusea e vômito com nível de p

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the effectiveness of auriculotherapy in the treatment of nausea and vomiting through a systematic review of the scientific literature. Methods: it was performed a systematic review of the literature making use of the following data basis: The Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Web of Science, LILACS and Cochrane databases were used. Articles from complete research from randomized controlled clinical trials that describe using auriculotherapy in nausea and vomiting treatment were selected, without restriction of date or language. Results: eleven articles were selected for analysis. The majority approached the population in surgical situations, followed by patients undergoing chemotherapy and pregnant women. As for results, 81% (n=8) of the articles reported that nausea and vomiting were lower in incidence and/or intensity in the intervention group. Conclusions: the review provided relevant data on the effects of auriculotherapy in nausea and vomiting treatment, with a decrease in the intensity and frequency of these symptoms in different populations.

Objective: This review was prepared to offer the most complete information about the use of ondansetron in parenteral admixtures with other drugs. Method: The search was done from September 2016 to April 2017 by using electronic databases Stabilis® and Micromedex® solutions, Medline/PubMed and Scholar Google searching publications about ondansetron stability in parenteral infusion when is administered by itself or with other medication. Results: 49 studies are included with a total of 53 drugs. 15 drugs were found compatible administered with ondansetron in a clinical routine concentration range in intravenous administration. Also, four ternary blends were found compatible and another one was incompatible. Otherwise, 38 drugs were found incompatible. Discussion: Compatibility of ondansetron offers a broad number of options to be used to avoid nausea and vomiting symptoms in patients with other concomitant medication

RESUMEN Introducción: la migraña es la séptima causa de discapacidad laboral, doméstica y social en el mundo y es la principal causa de discapacidad entre las afecciones neurológicas. Los factores asociados al grado de discapacidad por migraña se han estudiado poco. Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo con influencia independiente sobre la discapacidad moderada a grave por migraña. Método: se realizó un estudio de casos y testigos en pacientes con migraña. El tamaño de la muestra se calculó mediante el programa EpiDat 3.0. La muestra definitiva se conformó con 104 pacientes con discapacidad moderada a grave (casos) y 208 pacientes con discapacidad mínima a ligera (testigos). Resultados: se observó que la frecuencia de días con cefaleas en los tres meses previos incrementó el riesgo de discapacidad moderada a grave en más de 24 veces (OR 24,24 IC95 % 8,10-72,46), tener asociadas otros patrones de cefalea casi decuplicó el riesgo (OR 9,04 IC95 % 3,75-21,80) y tener una mala calidad del sueño lo sextuplicó (OR 6,06 IC95 %, 29-16,06). La fonofobia moderada o intensa (OR 4,99 IC95 % 2,06-12,09); las nauseas frecuentes (OR 3,24 IC95% 1,29-8,11); la ansiedad patológica (OR 3,06 IC95 % 1,28-7,34); el abuso de analgésicos (OR 2,95 IC95 % 1,26-6,88 y la depresión (OR 2,79 IC95 % 1,09-7,21) también se comportaron como factores de riesgo. Conclusiones: los factores de riesgo con influencia independiente más importantes sobre la discapacidad moderada a grave por migraña fueron la frecuencia de cefaleas, tener asociadas otros patrones de cefalea, tener mala calidad del sueño y la fonofobia moderada o intensa. ABSTRACT Introduction: migraine is the seventh cause of work, domestic and social disability in the world and is the main cause of disability among neurological conditions. Factors associated with the degree of migraine disability have been little studied. Objective: to identify risk factors with independent influence on moderate to severe migraine disability. Method: a case-control study was conducted in patients with migraine. The sample size was calculated using the EpiDat 3.0 program. The final sample consisted of 104 patients with moderate to severe disability (cases) and 208 patients with mild to moderate disability (controls). Results: it was observed that the frequency of days with headaches in the previous three months increased the risk of moderate to severe disability by more than 24 times (OR- 24.24; 95 % CI- 8.10-72.46), have associated other patterns of headache almost doubled the risk (OR- 9.04; 95 % CI- 3.75-21.80) and having a poor sleep quality increased sextupled (OR- 6.06; 95 % CI- 2.29-16.06). Moderate or intense phonophobia (OR- 4.99; 95 % CI- 2.06-12.09); frequent nausea (OR 3.24 95% CI 1.29-8.11); pathological anxiety (OR- 3.06; 95 % CI- 1.28-7.34); the abuse of analgesics (OR- 2.95 95 % CI- 1.26-6.88 and depression (OR- 2.79; 95 % CI- 1.09-7.21) also behaved as risk factors. Conclusions: the most important independent influencing risk factors for moderate to severe migraine disability were the frequency of headaches, associated headache patterns, poor sleep quality, and moderate or severe phonophobia.

El linfoma difuso de células b grande es una rara neoplasia del sistema nervioso central con un comportamiento agresivo y un mal resultado. La expresión de CD5 en nodal o extranodal en esta neoplasia es poco frecuente. Estos casos tienden a ser más agresivos que los casos cd5 negativo. Aquí reportamos un caso de linfoma cerebral primario de células b grandes difusas CD5-positivas que se presentan en una mujer immunocompetente de 64 años. Se presentó con intenso dolor de cabeza frontoparietal, nauseas, vómitos, convulsiones generalizadas y síntomas confusos. La resonancia magnética nuclear mostro características de un linfoma maligno. El paciente recibió tratamiento con corticoides con buena respuesta. Dos años después de la condición inicial, presentó síntomas otra vez. Los estudios de imágenes cerebrales mostraron una neoplasia bifrontal. No se encontraron tumores en otros sitios. Sobre la base de la morfología y la inmunohistoquimica, el diagnóstico fue linfoma difuso de células b grandes CD5-positivo. El presente caso confirma que en esta neoplasia se alteran múltiples vías. Su identificación pueden ser usados como blancos terapéuticos.

Introducción: Los síntomas de dolor y náusea vómito en los niños con cáncer son ocasionados por la enfermedad o tratamiento de quimioterapia. El manejo de estos síntomas es un reto en los familiares. Objetivos: Describir y analizar la relación entre los síntomas de dolor y náusea vómito en los niños con cáncer y describir las estrategias de cuidado familiar ante estos síntomas. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional, con muestra de 31 niños y familiares de una clínica oncopediatrica de Veracruz México. Diligenciaron los instrumentos Escala de dolor con caras-Revisada, Clasificación de Náusea-Vómito Inducido por Quimioterapia y Cuestionario de estrategias de cuidado familiar para el manejo de síntomas. Los datos se analizaron con estadística descriptiva e inferencial con Rho de Spearman, utilizando el programa SPSS 20.0. Resultados: Los niños padecen dolor moderado (48%), leve (29%) e intenso (23%). Tienen náusea-vómito agudo (74%), anticipatorio (16%) y retardado (10%). Existe asociación entre la náusea-vómito retardado con el anticipatorio (r =435

Objective: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting continue to pose a significant challenge for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This study aims to synthesize available evidence on antiemetic prophylaxis regimens in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, in order to identify the best standard of care., Methods: A systematic review will be conducted using MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov., and Cochrane databases. Studies written in English, French, Italian or Spanish will be considered. After screening the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two independent reviewers will extract data and assess the risk of bias in eligible articles. This protocol has been prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. This protocol is registered in the Prospective Register of Ongoing Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42023406380., Discussion: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is a debilitating side effect that presents a significant challenge for patients with hematologic malignancies. Despite the publication of various guidelines, none of them includes specific recommendations for each chemotherapy regimen. Therefore, analyzing the primary antiemetic prophylaxis regimens in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation would be valuable in enhancing patients' quality of life., (Copyright © 2023 Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (S.E.F.H). Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

A study with the objective to analyze the concept nausea in chemotherapeutic treatment, to improve the nursing diagnosis “nausea”. We used the model proposed by Walker and Avant as a theoretical reference and, we conducted an integrative review in the databases PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL, and LILACS, with no time restriction. Thirty articles composed the sample, we identified 44 antecedents, being 25 related to the patient/biophysical, eight to the treatment/pharmacological factors and, 11 related to psychological factors. In the same sample, we identified 17 consequents, being the most frequent: “reduction of quality of life”, “chemotherapy can be cancelled, altered, dose reduced or interrupted treatment” and “decrease of nutrition/bad nutrition”. In the nausea definitions, the chemotherapeutic treatment is not cited as a cause. The precendents of this concept should be investigated in the clinical practice in an individualized way. The assessment of the consequents in this clientele can allow early interventions and decrease the undesirable nausea effects.

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar e discutir o papel que a música exerce no romance A náusea de Jean-Paul Sartre. Assim, em um primeiro momento se irá descrever o modo como a contingência se apresenta na obra, para em um segundo momento explicitar o efeito que a música exerce sobre o personagem Antoine Roquentin. O que será evidenciado, sobretudo, é a possibilidade de subjugar a contingência de maneira temporária em uma espécie de fuga salvacionista.

Objetivou-se aplicar as experiências musicais para avaliação dos efeitos terapêuticos em náuseas e vômitos associados à quimioterapia antineoplásica e identificar alterações nos parâmetros vitais dos pacientes que participaram da experiência. Estudo descritivo, transversal, nível II, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado com treze pacientes de um ambulatório de quimioterapia de um hospital particular no município de São Paulo. Foram utilizados dois instrumentos, sendo um deles proposto pela MASCC (Multinational Association on Supportive Care in Cancer). A maior parte da amostra foi composta por pacientes do sexo feminino, com idade entre 40 a 60 anos, casadas e com câncer de mama. Reduziu-se a frequência cardíaca em 77% da amostra; a náusea diminuiu em 100% dos pacientes após a primeira experiência musical, e em 85% após a segunda. Concluiuse ter havido houve redução estatisticamente significativa dos sintomas de náusea e vômito após as experiências musicais.

Background/aims: Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) impact in the pregnant woman's quality of life, especially when are persistent or severe. The objective is to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the persistence of NVP in each trimester of pregnancy. Methods: We studied a cohort of 263 pregnant women with gestational age < 12 weeks. Data were collected using the Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Questionnaire validated for use in the Spanish population. Data were collected through telephone interviews at the end of each trimester of pregnancy. The main variable was the presence of NVP in each trimester and their persistence along the pregnancy. Results: The prevalence of nausea in the each trimester was 63.5 %, 33.8 %, 26.2 %, and vomiting was 29.3 %, 22.1 %, 14.1 %, respectively. Factors associated with nausea in the first trimester were Latin-American origin (OR: 3.60, 95 %IC 1.61-80.5) and primary education (OR: 0.31; 0.13-0.73); vomiting was associated with Latin-American origin (OR: 13.80, 1.82-104.4) and was inversely associated with weight gain (OR: 0.58, 0.35-0.97). Persistence of NVP were only associated with suffering the symptom in the previous trimester (p < 0.01), and did not find other predictor factors. Conclusions: NVP's prevalence declines along pregnancy, is associated with race and inversely with weight gain, and its persistence over time cannot be predicted.

This study aimed to evaluate the content validity of the nursing diagnosis of nausea in the immediate post-operative period, considering Fehring’s model. Descriptive study with 52 nurses experts who responded an instrument containing identification and validation of nausea diagnosis data. Most experts considered the domain 12 (Comfort), Class 1 (Physical Comfort) and the statement (Nausea) adequate to the diagnosis. Modifications were suggested in the current definition of this nursing diagnosis. Four defining characteristics were considered primary (reported nausea, increased salivation, aversion to food and vomiting sensation) and eight secondary (increased swallowing, sour taste in the mouth, pallor, tachycardia, diaphoresis, sensation of hot and cold, changes in blood pressure and pupil dilation). The total score for the diagnosis of nausea was 0.79. Reports of nausea, vomiting sensation, increased salivation and aversion to food are strong predictors of nursing diagnosis of nausea.

Introducción: la patogenia de las náuseas y vómitos en el período posoperatorio no está definida, pero es conocido su carácter multifactorial. Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre los factores de riesgo de náuseas y vómitos con medicamentos, tales como: ondansetrón, dexametasona y droperidol en los pacientes después de la colecistectomía a cielo abierto. Métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico de 93 afectados intervenidos quirúrgicamente en el Hospital General «Armando Enrique Cardoso» de Guáimaro, Camagüey, desde enero de 2011 hasta igual mes de 2012. La casuística fue distribuida en 3 grupos de estudio (ON, DEX y DR) según el medicamento que le fue prescrito. Resultados: los factores de riesgo asociados a las náuseas y vómitos durante el período posoperatorio fueron el sexo femenino, los no fumadores, la anestesia general con óptima prevención y uso del ondansetrón, así como el riesgo emético moderado según la estratificación de Apfel.

Prokleta avlija as a novel is not only an outstanding literary achievement. It is also a philosophic tale with many interwoven existential themes. This does not come as a surprise because Andrić was well versed in the philosophy of his time, especially its existential streamings, which he abundantly used to portrait the psychological aspects of his characters and also for reflections about life itself. In the distorted reality of the 20th century, seen as a mental wasteland, the idea of world as infernal and catastrophic was almost self evident. Andrić skilfully uses this tumult as a background for his novel, placing the action in an infamous Turkish prison. This prison serves well as a paradigm of total dehumanization, even though it is placed in the 20th century, a time of technical advance and the peak of civilization. Existential philosophers as Jaspers, Sartre or Heidegger deal with the same phenomenons, so there exist some correlates between Andrić and these philosophers. So we find motifs as thrownness in the world, paradox, abandonment, vulnerability, struggle, guilt, resignation, anxiety, despair, death, nothingness. Here we are dealing with the so called existentials, in other words fundamental aspects of the existence of a man, which assume a pivotal role in this age of all – inclusive calamity.

Objetivo: Evaluar y caracterizar el abordaje farmacoterapéutico antiemético en el periodo postoperatorio en pacientes adultos sometidos a cirugía en el Hospital Clínica Bíblica (hospital privado en Costa Rica). Métodos: Se seleccionaron pacientes (con edades entre 18 y 75 años) sometidos a cirugía, en quienes se había utilizado algún antiemético profiláctico al proceso quirúrgico, excluyéndose los pacientes que permanecieran hospitalizados menos de 24 horas tras la cirugía. Resultados: Dentro de la terapia profiláctica antiemética utilizada en este Hospital, se incluyó: granisetrón, metoclopramida, dexametasona, dimenhidrinato, entre otros; el granisetrón fue el antiemético más utilizado en un 81% de los casos, solo o en combinación. El uso de la dexametasona junto con el granisetrón fue la combinación más utilizada en un 57%. Sin hacer asociación al procedimiento quirúrgico, las náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios se presentaron en un 12% con el granisetrón, en un 25% con la metoclopramida, en un 9% con el dimenhidrinato, en un 13% con la dexametasona y en un 14% con otros antieméticos. Las cirugías que presentaron más incidencia de NVPO fueron las cirugías ortopédicas en un 30%, y las cirugías laparoscópicas en un 28%. En los casos en los que se utilizó fentanyl como anestésico, se presentaron vómitos en un 18% de los pacientes, mientras que en los casos en que no se utilizó fentanyl, el porcentaje de NVPO fue del 9%. Conclusión: A pesar del amplio uso de antieméticos profilácticamente, las náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios siguen presentándose en los pacientes de este Hospital. No se ha encontrado un algoritmo que permita prevenir totalmente las náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios, a pesar de la gran cantidad de conocimientos adquiridos en este campo. Se debe tomar en cuenta el riesgo individual de cada paciente y la satisfacción de este. Se debe continuar con la investigación en este tema para poder así unificar y mejorar los criterios de tratamiento de las náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios.Aim: To evaluate and characterize the pharmaco-therapeutic approach with antiemetics during the postoperative, in adult patients undergoing surgery at a private hospital in Costa Rica (Hospital Clinica Biblica) Methods:This is an observational, prospective and cohort study. Those patients who had surgery and received antiemetic prophylaxis before the procedure were selected (ages between 18 and 75 years) excluding those who had hospitalization shorter than 24 hours. Results: Prophylactic antiemetic therapy in this private hospital utilizes granisetron, metoclopramide, dexamethasone, and dimenhydrinate, Granisetron, either alone or in combination, was the most used antiemetic in 81%. The combination most commonly used was dexamethasone and granisetron (57%). Without considering the surgical procedure, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) was 12% in patients taking granisetron, 25% with metoclopramide, 9% with dimenhydrinate, 13% with dexamethasone and 14% with other antiemetics. On the other hand, looking at the procedure, the incidence of PONV in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery was by 30%, and 28% in those after laparoscopic surgery Finally, in cases in which fentanyl was used as an anesthetic 18% of the patients presented PONV, whereas in patients cases were fentanyl was not used, the rate of was 9%. Conclusion: Despite the widespread use of prophylactic antiemetics, PONV is still seen in the patients at this private hospital. In spite of the wealth of knowledge in this field, physicians have not yet found an algorithm capable of the total prevention of PONV. Individual risks and patient`s satisfaction should be taken into account. Further research on this matter must continue in order to unify and improve criteria of PONV treatment.

Background: increasing body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for GERD but little is known about this association in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Aims: to determine the presence of heartburn and other related symptoms in relation with BMI in IBS. Methods: volunteers (n = 483) answered the Rome II-Modular Questionnaire, and were divided into IBS and non-IBS (controls) groups. The frequency of heartburn, chest pain, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting and belching was compared between the groups in the study sample and within three BMI categories. Results: the IBS (23.7%) and controls (76.3%) were similar in gender (females: 68.1%), age (32.2 ± 12.7 years), and BMI (25.4 ± 4.4). Raw associations analysis showed that heartburn: OR: 1.62 (95%CI: 1.04-2.53), chest pain: 1.77 (1.13-2.77), epigastric pain: 1.75 (1.03-2.98) and nausea: 2.45 (1.10-5.32) were more frequent in IBS vs. controls. Meanwhile, according to BMI, in those with obesity, heartburn was more frequent in IBS and among those with overweight, epigastric pain and nausea were also more frequent in IBS. However, in an adjusted log linear model, no significant interaction was found between BMI and any other studied symptom and heartburn was found to be independent of IBS: 1,4 (0.9, 4.7). Finally, a logistic regression model found no interaction between BMI and the presence of heartburn or IBS. Conclusions: while heartburn and other reflux-related symptoms are more frequent in IBS than in controls, these associations are independent of BMI.