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The image of the sociocultural and spiritual identity of Russia poses a task for modern society to preserve and transmit to future generations the existing unique type of morality and spirituality. This circumstance prompts the authors of the article to address the problem of educational inequality, which can lead to crises and threats that affect the process of spiritual and moral development of a person. To the authors opinion, social barriers that limit access to education include: the influence of the family and close circle; financial instability; commercialization of education; dividing students into groups, which are formed depending on their academic performance or the financial condition of the student; regional and territorial factors; family value attitude to education; student access to learning resources. The search for mechanisms to eliminate educational inequality leads the authors to the idea that overcoming the indicated barriers will be possible as a result of a deep reform of the entire social system.