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El famoso globo terráqueo de Martin Behaim, concebidú y realizado en Nuremberg en 1492, no es el único testigo medieval de esta forma particular de representación de la Tierra. Al examinar los primeros testimonios, nos damos cuenta de que la función y el contenido de estos globos cambian significativamente: dejan de ilustrar los efectos de los fenómenos celestiales y se limitan a la representación de la superficie de la Tierra. De ahí las preguntas: ¿cómo y por qué pasamos de la representación bidimensional de los mappae mundi a la tridimensional en el siglo XV? ¿Y cómo y por qué se produjo el cambio de contenido en las representaciones tridimensionales? La adaptación de la imagen ptolemaica a la forma particular de un globo, y su enriquecimiento con datos de viajes por tierra en Asia y exploraciones marítimas en África han surgido antes de Behaim en círculos germánicos que siguen siendo poco conocidos.

The aim of this study was obtain a semi skim milk enriched with sacha inchi oil (Plukenetia volubilis L.), with sensory acceptability and a suitable storage container. The raw materials used were: fresh semi skim milk of creole cow and virgin sacha inchi oil. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids raised from 2.8% to 3.0; 3.2% and 3.4% according to the treatment. It was evaluated the sensory microbiological properties of the semi skim milk during its storage period of 30 days. The packaging material used were high density polyethylene container and glass container. The best formulation for semi skim milk was the correspond to 3% of fatty acids stored in glass container which obtained values of: Taste 2.2; Color 2.1; Texture 2.2 and Appearance 2.2 on a maximum of 5.0 units. It is concluded that the production of semi skim milk enriched with fatty acids of sacha inchi is feasible.

Quel est aujourd'hui, dans la recherche en sciences sociales, l'intérêt d'une démarche artisanale? Reconsidérer le temps et l'espace à partir de points de vue, et non plus comme des données préalables objectives parait essentiel. La localisation, temporelle et géographique, implique un mode de construction qu'il s'agit de penser et d'exposer dans le processus de la recherche. Cette localisation suppose des types de relations, d'un chercheur avec ses interlocuteurs, qui bâtissent l'ici et le maintenant. Reprenant de la micro-histoire la notion d'échelle d'étude, notion articulée au concept éliasien de formation sociale, les auteurs donnent quelques pistes possibles marquées par le jeu polyphonique, où le texte final de recherche, ouverts et suspensifs, pourraient rester interrogatifs et proposer, plutôt que de systématiser des principes stables et de synthétiser.

The integrity of littoral ecosystems is seriously threatened by the sustained and evergrowing exploitation of coastal resources by humankind, the introduction of non indigenous species, and the ongoing climate change. The concurrent exploitation and preservation of coastal ecosystems is a major challenge, which can only be effectively addressed using synoptic tools and approaches for detailed mapping and monitoring of subtidal communities. One of the most promising technologies to this end is the use of airborne hyperspectral remote sensing technologies that feature both high spectral and spatial resolutions. This paper provides an overview of the technical aspects and operational approaches to map the extent of shallow, marine, coastal habitats over large scales using the compact airborne spectrographic imager (casi). The applicability of this approach is demonstrated through a review of recent subtidal mapping projects conducted by Hyperspectral Data International in tropical and temperate zones