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ABSTRACT As commonly observed in turtles, sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is pronounced in the Neotropical freshwater turtle Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei (Bour, 1973), a species in which females are usually larger than males. We studied SSD in two populations of M. vanderhaegei from the Brazilian Cerrado savannah, based on 245 specimens captured between November 2010 and August 2013. The carapace length of the largest male was 201 mm (9.15% shorter than that of the largest female, 220 mm). The mean sizes of males and females did not differ in the two populations. However, a comparison of eight selected morphological variables revealed that the size distribution pattern differed between the populations. Using model selection, seven out of 34 morphometric variables - from the head, plastron, bridge, and tail - were selected as the most suitable ones to distinguish between males and females. The pattern of SSD found in M. vanderhaegei is similar to that found in other chelonian species and may be the result of natural selection rather than ecological factors, since individuals of both sexes use the same habitats.

The goal of this publication is to provide a practical guideline for irrigation of young (1–3 years old) and adult (>3 years old) peach trees cultivated in Florida. This document is based on field research of peach water uptake conducted by UF/IFAS. The first section describes peach tree growth stages and their respective crop water demand in central Florida. The second and third sections present practical information on preparing year-round irrigation scheduling for young and adult peach trees, respectively. More information about irrigation practices for peaches is provided in EDIS publication HS1316 (https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1316).

The highest-order function of the mind is as a theorist. The memory system accumulates information about the outside world. The mind’s theorist must sort through the information to formulate a theory about that world. The basic component of the system for theory building is a process called trolling. When the conscious mind is not being bombarded by external stimuli, or during certain stages of sleep, the mind’s theorist trolls through memory searching for traces that contain similar information. If several traces are identified, analysis may yield information that was not evident when each was examined individually; reification of this sort can add new information to memory. The trolling process, and its ability to form new memory traces in the absence of external stimulation, is key to understanding many psychological phenomena.

This article explicates Averroes's understanding of human knowing and abstraction in this three commentaries on Aristotle's De Anima. While Averroes's views on the nature of the human material intellect changes through the three commentaries until he reaches his famous view of the unity of the material intellect as one for all human beings, his view of the agent intellect as 'form for us' is sustained throughout these works. In his Long Commentary on the De Anima he reveals his dependence on al-Farabi for this notion and provides a detailed critique of the Farabian notion that the agent intellect is 'form for us' only as agent cause, not as our true formal cause. Although Averroes argues that the agent intellect must somehow be intrinsic to us as our form since humans per se rational and undertake acts of knowing by will, his view is shown to rest on an equivocal use of the notion of formal cause. The agent intellect cannot be properly our intrinsic formal principle while remaining ontologically separate.

Behavioral health is defined as the absence of mental illness or substance use problems and the presence of positive emotional well being. Although many U.S. Hispanic youth are at increased risk for substance abuse, suicidality, teen pregnancy, unsafe sexual practices and HIV, there exists a lack of available evidence-based practices for Hispanic youth which promotes behavioral health and HIV prevention. The objective of the current research was to adapt and revise the Familia Adelante (FA) Program, a behavioral health, drug intervention and prevention program to incorporate an HIV prevention component. Through qualitative community based participatory methods, including an expert panel and members of the target population, the curriculum was redesigned to integrate effective HIV risk reduction strategies. The process of adapting the intervention is described in this paper, as well as recommendations for future research in program adaptation.

Hay bastante confusión en los círculos políticos, académicos y también en los mercados con respecto a la situación económica internacional que se desencadenó por la crisis de 2007-2008. Y como hay tanta confusión, las respuestas de política económica han sido en gran parte inconsistentes, no solo en EEUU si no por todo el mundo, y esto puede estar prolongando innecesariamente la recesión. Sin embargo, lo que estamos viviendo actualmente ocurrió en Japón hace exactamente quince años. Lo que está pasando ahora, después del estallido de la burbuja, es que el sector privado se está desapalancando o reduciendo su deuda al mínimo. Esto se denomina recesión de balances. Y, en este tipo de recesión, recortar los tipos de interés al cero y aumentar la base monetaria no se traduce en una mejora del acceso al crédito del sector privado y en una recuperación de la actividad económica. La política monetaria se vuelve ineficaz. Tal y como muestra la experiencia japonesa, la respuesta para prevenir el colapso de la actividad económica reside en la política fiscal, esto es, el gobierno debe incrementar el gasto financiándose a si mismo con los ahorros que el sector privado genera al desapalancarse. Solo después de que los balances hayan sido saneados y el sector privado esté deseando, y pueda, endeudarse, puede empezar el gobierno a reducir su déficit presupuestario.

El presente trabajo analiza aspectos de alimentación en medio natural de la tortuga, Peltocephalus dumerilianus (Testudines: Podocnemididae; cabezón), a partir de muestras de contenidos alimenticios tomados de estómago e intestino grueso de ejemplares utilizados para consumo por los habitantes ribereños de la comunidad de São Louis, en el medio río Negro, municipio de Barcelos (Amazonas), Brasil. Se documenta que la especie es omnívora, oportunista y generalista, consume preferiblemente vegetales, con predominancia de semillas y frutos de palmeras, además, se registraron otros productos que incluyen materia animal de diversos taxones.This study analyzed aspects of the natural feeding of Peltocephalus dumerilianus (Testudines: Podocnemididae; big headed Amazon river turtle) by inspection of samples taken from stomachs and large intestines of individuals consumed as a protein source by people living along the middle Río Negro river, in the Municipality of Barcelos (Amazon), Brazil. The results showed that this species is an opportunist, omnivore, and generalist, preferring plant material, particularly palm fruits and seeds; in addition, the consumption of diverse animal matter of different taxa was documented.

Traditional written historical investigation and analysis have from the beginning consisted of a sometimes unstable mixture of fact and conjecture, hard evidence and inspired imagination. To encourage 3-D modelling of cultural heritage artefacts to be taken seriously as historical scholarship this inevitable and ambiguous balance can be highlighted and to a significant degree documented and modulated by London Charter principles. This enhances the scholarly integrity of these models as examples of serious research based historical investigation, and helps avoid the dangers of inflated or unverified “media hype” which can compromise or discredit such work .

Acidentes ofídicos foram registrados em dez comunidades ribeirinhas do baixo rio Purus através de entrevista às vítimas. Os ribeirinhos responderam perguntas sobre a percepção ambiental da ecologia das serpentes envolvidas nos acidentes. O tamanho das serpentes e a altura da mordida no corpo foram estimados com fita métrica. A correspondência entre os nomes locais e científicos das serpentes foi levantada utilizando descrições e imagens das espécies. Para outras 17 comunidades dados adicionais do número de famílias com vítimas de acidentes ofídicos foram avaliados através do diagnóstico sócio-ambiental da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Piagaçu-Purus. Foram entrevistados 18 ribeirinhos e registrados 28 acidentes ofídicos em cinco comunidades. O número de vítimas por comunidade não teve relação com o tamanho da população. O número de famílias com vítimas foi maior em comunidades maiores (r²= 0,444; p= 0,003). Aproximadamente 88% das mordidas foram nos membros inferiores. Não houve relação do tamanho estimado da serpente com a altura da mordida. A maioria dos acidentes ocorreu de dia (82,14%) e no período de cheia (64,28%) na época de exploração da castanha-da-Amazônia e da madeira pelos ribeirinhos, atividades que despendem maior tempo na floresta. Um único caso de morte por acidente ofídico foi registrado. A serpente Bothrops atrox foi à espécie mais relacionada com acidentes na região. O reconhecimento das serpentes pelos ribeirinhos revelou várias sinonímias, com 20 nomes locais atribuídos a 33 espécies. Na percepção dos ribeirinhos as serpentes B. atrox e Lachesis muta foram às espécies mais temidas e diferem no comportamento de ataque.Snakebites were registered in 10 riverside communities of the lower Purus River through interviews with the victims. Local inhabitants answered questions about their perception on ecological aspects of snakes species involved in snakebites. Snake size and bite height on the victim body were estimated with measuring tape. Correspondence of local names and scientific species were obtained by using descriptions and images of the snakes. Additional data on the number of families with snakebites victims were obtained from social-economic surveys for other 17 communities in the Piagaçu Purus Reserve. Eighteen people and 28 snakebites events were registered in five communities. The number of victims per community was not related to population's size. The number of families with victims was higher in larger communities (r²= 0.444; p= 0.003). Approximately 88% of snakebites were inflicted on the lower limbs of the victims. There was no relationship between estimated snake's size and the height of the bite. Most snakebites occurred at daytime (82.14%), and during the high rive period (64.28%) that coincides with the extraction of brazil nut and timber by the local people when they spend more time in the forest. Only one death due to snakebite was registered. The species Bothrops atrox was responsible for most of the accidents in the region. Snake's identification by local people revealed various synonymies, with 20 local names attributed to 33 species. In their perception, B. atrox and Lachesis muta were the most dangerous species and differ in attack behavior.

O presente estudo investigou a etiologia da erliquiose monocítica canina em 70 cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Estadual Paulista, na cidade de Botucatu, durante 2001 e 2002. Os cães foram avaliados segundo achados clínicos, epidemiológicos e laboratoriais e pela amplificação parcial e sequenciamento do gene dsb de Ehrlichia. DNA de Ehrlichia canis foi amplificado e sequenciado em 28 (40,0%) cães. Observou-se maior frequência deanimais positivos com idade até 12 meses (P < 0,05). Diarreia, apatia e anorexia foram os sinais clínicos mais frequentes observados em 55,2% (P = 0,05), 47,0% (P > 0,05) e 42,2% (P > 0,05) dos cães PCR positivos, respectivamente. Vinte e cinco cães com anemia ( 0,05) frente à infecção por E. canis. Todos os 28 cães positivos na PCR apresentaram trombocitopenia (This study investigated the etiology of canine ehrlichiosis and possible clinical and epidemiological data associated with the infection in 70 dogs suspect of ehrlichiosis attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the São Paulo State University in Botucatu city during 2001 and 2002. Dogs were evaluated by clinical-epidemiological and hematological data and molecular analysis by partial amplification and DNA sequencing of the ehrlichial dsb gene. E. canis DNA was amplified and sequenced in 28 (40.0%) dogs. Dogs younger than 12 months old showed significantly higher infection rates (65.0%; P < 0.05). Diarrhea, apathy, and anorexia were the major clinical signs observed in 55.2% (P = 0.05), 47.0% (P > 0.05), and 42.4% (P > 0.05) of the PCR-positive dogs, respectively. Twenty-five anemic ( 0.05). All 28 PCR-positive dogs showed thrombocytopenia (

Se presenta por primera vez el hallazgo de oofagia canibalística en Peltocephalus dumerilianus (Schweigger, 1812) (Testudines: Podocnemididae), detectada durante un estudio de dieta en medio natural para esta especie, en el cual se examinaron muestras de contenidos estomacales e intestinales provenientes de 36 animales adultos, capturados como caza de subsistencia por las comunidad ribereña de São Luís, municipio de Barcelos, Amazonas, Brasil. En el contenido del tracto intestinal de una hembra se localizaron membranas externas correspondientes a ocho huevos de su misma especie; se reafirma el carácter oportunista y generalista que P. dumerilianus (cabezudo) posee en su comportamiento de alimentación natural.It is presented for the first time the discovery of cannibalistic oophagy in Peltocephalus dumerilianus (Schweigger, 1812) (Testudines: Podocnemididae), detected during a diet study in natural environment for this species, in which samples of stomach and intestinal contents coming from 36 mature animals were examined, the animals were captured as subsistence hunt by the riverside community of São Luis, municipality of Barcelos, Amazons, Brazil. In the intestinal tract of one female external membranes corresponding to eight eggs of their same species were located; it is reaffirmed the opportunist and generalist character that P. dumerilianus (bighead Amazon river turtle) possesses in their natural feeding behavior.

Objetivo. Analizar los comportamientos de alimentación bajo diferentes condiciones de temperatura en un grupo de neonatos de Peltocephalus dumerilianus (Testudines Podocnemididae). Materiales y Métodos. Los individuos experimentales fueron obtenidos mediante incubación en el laboratorio, se dividieron en 5 grupos al azar. Durante 2 meses con tres repeticiones a la semana se hicieron pruebas de temperatura utilizando dentro de las bandejas calentadores eléctricos, con registro continuo de temperatura mediante termómetro digital - 10 a + 60ºC (± 0.1ºC), procurando mantener un ritmo constante de incremento equivalente a 0,25ºC cada 10 minutos, hasta llegar a la temperatura seleccionada, que fue mantenida por 60 minutos en cada ensayo. Las temperaturas seleccionadas para cada ensayo, fueron: 26ºC, 30ºC, 34ºC, 38ºC y ambiente que fue de 26,8ºC en promedio. Fueron evaluados los siguientes parámetros: duración en minutos de la ingesta, tiempo de inicio de comportamientos agonísticos, presencia de dos tipos de despliegues característicos: morder y disputa por alimento. Resultados. En general todos los parámetros fueron significativos, a mayor temperatura el tiempo de ingestión fue mayor, a menor temperatura el volumen de consumo fue menor, a menor temperatura el inicio de los despliegues agonísticos fue mayor y se mantuvo una relación inversamente proporcional. Conclusiones. Los resultados mostraron que existe relación directamente proporcional entre la temperatura ambiental y los procesos de alimentación, además que se relacionaron con aspectos básicos del comportamiento lo cual se manifestó en los despliegues agonísticos observados.

The present study provides a rickettsial serosurvey in 25 dogs and 35 humans in an endemic area for Brazilian spotted fever in the State of São Paulo, where the tick Amblyomma aureolatum is the main vector. Testing canine and human sera by indirect immunofluorescence against four Rickettsia antigens (R. rickettsii, R. parkeri, R. felis and R. bellii) showed that 16 (64%) of canine sera and 1 (2.8%) of human sera reacted to at least one of these rickettsial antigens with titers ³ 64. Seven canine sera and the single reactive human serum showed titers to R. rickettsii at least four times those of any of the other three antigens. The antibody titers in these 7 animals and 1 human were attributed to stimulation by R. rickettsii infection. No positive canine or human serum was attributed to stimulation by R. parkeri, R. felis, or R. bellii. Our serological results showed that dogs are important sentinels for the presence of R. rickettsii in areas where the tick A. aureolatum is the main vector of Brazilian spotted fever.Este estudo avaliou a ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Rickettsia em 25 cães e 35 humanos, em uma área endêmica para a febre maculosa brasileira no Estado de São Paulo, onde o principal vetor é o carrapato Amblyomma aureolatum. Soros dos cães e humanos foram testados pela técnica de imunofluorescência indireta contra quatro antígenos de riquétsias (R. rickettsii, R. parkeri, R. felis, R. bellii), mostrando que soros de 16 (64%) cães e 1 (2,8%) humano reagiram com títulos ³ 64 para pelo menos um dos antígenos de riquétsias. Sete soros caninos e o único soro humano reativo demonstraram títulos para R. rickettsii no mínimo quatro vezes maior do que aqueles para os outros antígenos de riquétsias. Os títulos de anticorpos nesses cães e um humano foram considerados homólogos a R. rickettsii, enquanto que nenhum soro de cão ou humano foi considerado reativamente homólogo para R. parkeri, R. felis ou R. bellii. Os resultados sorológicos mostraram que cães são importantes sentinelas para a presença da bactéria R. rickettsii em áreas onde o carrapato A. aureolatum é o principal vetor da febre maculosa brasileira.

Introducción. En Brasil, los capibaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) son importantes huéspedes para garrapatas del género Amblyomma, las cuales transmiten rickettsiosis a humanos y animales. Por lo tanto, estos roedores pueden ser potenciales centinelas para detectar infección por rickettsia. Objetivos. Este trabajo evaluó la infección por rickettsia en capibaras de diferentes regiones del estado de São Paulo, donde las rickettsiosis nunca han sido reportadas. Materiales y métodos. Se examinarion los sueros de 73 capibaras de seis localidades en São Paulo con la prueba de immunofluorescencia indirecta con antígenos de Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia parkeri y Rickettsia bellii. Los bazos de los capibaras se extrajeron y se analizaron por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para un fragmento del gene gltA de rickettsia. Las garrapatas se recolectaron de los capibaras y se identificaron hasta especie. Resultados. Diecinueve (26,0%), 25 (34,2%) y 50 (68,5%) sueros de los capibaras reaccionaron con R. rickettsii, R. parkeri y R. bellii, respectivamente. De los 50 sueros que reaccionaron con antígenos de R. bellii, 25 presentaron títulos, por lo menos, cuatro veces mayores que los otros dos antígenos. Estos sueros fueron considerados homólogos de R. bellii. Usando el mismo criterio, tres sueros de los capibaras se consideraron homólogos de R. parkeri. Ningún suero se consideró homólogo de R. rickettsii. No se detectó ADN de rickettsia en bazo. Las garrapatas recolectadas de los capibaras fueron identificadas como Amblyomma dubitatum y Amblyomma cajennense. Conclusiones. Este trabajo reporta la primera evidencia de infección natural por R. bellii en vertebrados y, también, la primera evidencia de infección por R. parkeri en capibaras. Se sabe que R. parkeri infecta y produce enfermedad en humanos; sin embargo, no hay evidencia de infección humana por R. bellii.

Urban landscapes in Florida are typically dominated by turfgrass monoculture, with ornamental landscape plants comprising only a small portion of the landscape. Incorporating more woody ornamentals into your landscape can reduce fertilization and irrigation demand and help reduce nutrient leaching losses from your yard—a combination that will help protect Florida’s water resources. This 3-page fact sheet was written by Drew C. McLean, Andrew K. Koeser, Amy L Shober, Zhixuan Qin, Gitta Hasing, and Richard C. Beeson, and published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, July 2014.

Los datos audiomagnetotelúricos de fuente controlada (CSAMT) utilizando un solo dipolo eléctrico, también conocidos como datos CSAMT vectoriales, son procesados normalmente usando un modelo de inducción bidimensional el cual no incorpora efectos por distorsión galvánica. El numero limitado de datos disponibles en CSAMT vectorial no permite modelos que incluyan simultáneamente efectos de inducción 2-D y distorsión galvánica local. En este articulo proponemos dos modelos unidimensionales de distorsión, los cuales son casos especiales del método general de descomposición tensorial MT de Groom y Bailey (1989). Uno de estos asume que el parámetro de distorsión llamado splitting (s) puede hacerse cero escogiendo un sistema coordenado apropiado. El otro, desarrollado en términos de elipses de polarización, supone que el parámetro de distorsión shear (e) puede hacerse cero rotando los ejes principales a los ejes de medición. El primero de los modelos genera la resistividad, la fase y los parámetros twist (t) y shear, mientras que el segundo genera la resistividad, la fase y los parámetros twisty splitting. doi: https://doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.1996.35.2.856

Many European importers and retailers will only buy produce, meat, and grain-based products that come from GlobalG.A.P-certified farms. Despite its environmental origins, the main concern is food safety, followed by worker welfare, and then ecological matters. There are slightly different versions for fresh fruit and vegetables, meat products, flowers and ornamentals, and combinable crops (grains and pulses). There is also an Integrated Farm Assurance version for farms with several types of operations taking place at once. This revised 4-page fact sheet was written by Richard C. Yudin and Keith R. Schneider, and published by the UF Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, February 2012. FSHN0801/FS145: European Food Safety Certification—The GlobalG.A.P® Standard and Its Accredited Certification Scheme (ufl.edu)

Objetivo. Analizar los comportamientos de alimentación bajo diferentes condiciones de temperatura en un grupo de neonatos de Peltocephalus dumerilianus (Testudines Podocnemididae). Materiales y Métodos. Los individuos experimentales fueron obtenidos mediante incubación en el laboratorio, se dividieron en 5 grupos al azar. Durante 2 meses con tres repeticiones a la semana se hicieron pruebas de temperatura utilizando dentro de las bandejas calentadores eléctricos, con registro continuo de temperatura mediante termómetro digital - 10 a + 60ºC (± 0.1ºC), procurando mantener un ritmo constante de incremento equivalente a 0,25ºC cada 10 minutos, hasta llegar a la temperatura seleccionada, que fue mantenida por 60 minutos en cada ensayo. Las temperaturas seleccionadas para cada ensayo, fueron: 26ºC, 30ºC, 34ºC, 38ºC y ambiente que fue de 26,8ºC en promedio. Fueron evaluados los siguientes parámetros: duración en minutos de la ingesta, tiempo de inicio de comportamientos agonísticos, presencia de dos tipos de despliegues característicos: morder y disputa por alimento. Resultados. En general todos los parámetros fueron significativos, a mayor temperatura el tiempo de ingestión fue mayor, a menor temperatura el volumen de consumo fue menor, a menor temperatura el inicio de los despliegues agonísticos fue mayor y se mantuvo una relación inversamente proporcional. Conclusiones. Los resultados mostraron que existe relación directamente proporcional entre la temperatura ambiental y los procesos de alimentación, además que se relacionaron con aspectos básicos del comportamiento lo cual se manifestó en los despliegues agonísticos observados.

FSHN-08-01, a 5-page fact sheet by Richard C. Yudin and Keith R. Schneider, informs growers in Florida and elsewhere about this standard for agricultural products exported to the European Union, Switzerland, and Norway. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, February 2008. FSHN0801/FS145: European Food Safety Certification—The GlobalG.A.P® Standard and Its Accredited Certification Scheme (ufl.edu)

ENH-1048, a 6-page illustrated fact sheet by Sharma, J., Haman, D.Z., and Beeson, Jr., R.C., describes some new, water conserving production systems for containerized plant production in outdoor nurseries that use the concepts of micro-irrigation and subirrigation. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, December 2006.

The family Trypetheliaceae is redefined including a key to the genera. Exiliseptum gen. nov. is described. Keys to the species are provided for the six genera which occur in Amazonian Brazil along with brief comments on the three other genera. Thirty-five species are included, tem new species described and ten new combinations proposed.

Resumen

This series of Key Plant, Key Pests publications are designed for Florida gardeners, horticulturalists and landscape professionals to help identify common pests associated with common Florida flora. This publication, the second in the Key Plant, Key Pests Series, helps identify the most common pests found on the Chinese Elm (Ulmus parvifolia). This publication provides information and general management recommendations for anthracnose or black elm spot, powdery mildew, trunk canker, borers, eriophyid mites and leaf beetles. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep559