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A relationship has been recognized between social media use and health issues. However, no studies have explored the potential link between social media use and consumption of over-the-counter (OTC) medications. We examined social media use, self-reported anxiety, depression, sleep problems, pain, and OTC medications use among Norwegian university students. The goal was to gain insights that would guide preventive health strategies for this target group. A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted with an online questionnaire distributed to university student Facebook groups in Norway. A total of 132 completed surveys were analyzed. Among the respondents, 28% experienced anxiety, 35% depression, 64% sleep problems, 71% headaches, and 78% musculoskeletal pain. Moreover, 56% reported using OTC analgesics or sleep aids, mostly purchased from community pharmacies. No statistically significant correlation was found between social media use and headache, musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, or consumption of OTC medications among university students in Norway. The findings, however, demonstrated a positive trend, highlighting the need for further research with larger, more diverse samples, and potentially employing a qualitative or longitudinal design. We propose increased awareness of the potential negative effects of social media among university students, the inclusion of social media and health topics in study curricula, and the more proactive engagement of community pharmacists with young clients concerning the consumption of OTC medications.

This study aimed to develop and test a behavior modification intervention to prevent type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among at-risk individuals. The primary goal was to compare diabetes prevention behaviors and fasting blood sugar levels between the intervention and comparison groups. This study utilizes a quasi-experimental design to develop a behavior modification intervention for preventing diabetes. It involves two groups, each with pre- and post-intervention assessments, comprising 60 at-risk individuals equally divided into intervention and comparison groups. The 8-week intervention includes components like risk assessment, dietary skill enhancement, exercise, stress management, and social media platforms (data recording training, follow-up visits, reminders, and visual aids). Data collection includes self-administered questionnaires and blood sugar level measurements. Statistical analysis involved paired t-tests for within-group comparisons and independent t-tests for between-group differences. The findings showed that the intervention group achieved significantly higher average scores in nutrition, exercise, and stress management, and had significantly lower average blood sugar levels compared to the comparison group. These results suggest that healthcare providers and policymakers should develop community health programs and public health policies that incorporate integrative care, leverage social media platforms, and foster collaboration with other health professionals to improve outcomes for individuals at risk of T2DM.

In recent years, the opinion that the Eurovision Song Contest has become highly politicised is prevalent in the media and the popular voice, although not much research exists that can attest to this claim. In this work we conduct a case study that applies sentiment and discourse analysis methodologies to the assessment of political opinions in social media regarding this artistic and social event. The main objective is to explore to what extent and in what form this supposed politicisation has an expression on Twitter, as illustrated by the cases of artists Sam Ryder and James Newman, the United Kingdom’s representatives in the 2022 and 2021 editions of the contest, respectively. We examine references to two historical-political contexts that have had a severe impact on the European society over the last few years, and which have determined, among many other social aspects, the reception of Eurovision results ever since they took place: Brexit and the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Today, many individuals read the daily news from social media platforms. Research has shown that news with negative valence might influence the well-being of individuals. Existing research that examined the impact of headlines on individuals’ well-being has primarily focused on examining the positive or negative polarity of words used in the headlines. In the present study, we adopt a different approach and ask participants to categorize the headlines themselves based on the emotions they experienced while reading them and how their choice impacts their well-being. A total of 306 participants were presented with 40 headlines from main news sites that were considered popular based on the number of public reactions. Participants had to rate their emotional experience of the headlines following five emotional states (i.e., happiness, anger, sadness, fear, and interest). Emotion regulation strategies and resilience were also measured. In line with our hypotheses, we found that participants reported experiencing negative emotions more intensively while reading the headlines. Emotion regulation was not found to influence the emotional states of individuals, whereas resilience did. These findings highlight that individuals can experience heightened emotions without reading the entire news story. This effect was observed regardless of the headline’s emotional valence (i.e., positive, negative, or neutral). Furthermore, our study highlights the critical role of interest as a factor in news consumption. Interest significantly affects individuals’ engagement and reactions to headlines, regardless of valence. The findings underscore the complex interplay between headline content and reader engagement and stress the need for further research into how headlines are presented to protect individuals from potential emotional costs.

Las nuevas tecnologías digitales han modificado sustancialmente la forma en la cual se comunica el conocimiento científico. Este trabajo se propone evaluar el impacto de la implementación de un plan de comunicación sociodigital para la revista Arqueología (Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires), diseñado para favorecer la diseminación y el alcance de los contenidos publicados a través del ecosistema digital. Para ello se realizó una propuesta metodológica a fin de evaluar su visibilidad en las redes sociales, el comportamiento de los usuarios en la página web y el impacto de los contenidos publicados durante el período 2018-2022, a partir de distintos indicadores altmétricos y bibliométricos. Como resultado se constató que los efectos de la pandemia, así como la ejecución de una estrategia de difusión, aumentaron la visibilidad de la publicación en redes sociales, generando un incremento en la cantidad de visualizaciones y descargas de los artículos. Estos hallazgos subrayan la relevancia de considerar diversas dimensiones de interacción en línea para comprender el impacto académico de las investigaciones científicas = New digital technologies have modified the way scientific knowledge is being communicated. This work intends to evaluate the impact of a socio-digital communication plan implemented for the journal Arqueología (Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires), designed to boost the distribution and outreach of published content in the digital ecosystem. We proposed a method to evaluate the journal’s visibility in social networks, website user behavior and the impact of the published content from 2018 to 2022, based on different altmetric and bibliometric indicators. The results of said analysis show that the effects of the pandemic coupled with the implementation of a dissemination strategy increased the journal’s visibility in social networks, which in turn produced an increase in the number of views and downloads of its papers. These findings highlight the importance of considering various types of online interaction to better understand the academic impact of scientific research.

The present study corresponds to action research and aims to examine the contribution of the picture description strategy implemented through the TikTok® application to improve the speaking accuracy of a group of five first-year undergraduate students in the English Language I course, fits into the Translation and Interpretation program at a Chilean university. Purposive sampling was used as participants were chosen for having difficulties in their oral expression in English. The data collection included conducting oral evaluations before and after the study, holding a focus group, and asking participants to complete a self-assessment. These methods were chosen to align with the research objectives and gather comprehensive and accurate data. The percentage analysis and the thematic analysis were used in the data analysis technique. The intervention consisted of six sessions where different grammatical structures and specific vocabulary related to image description were practiced. The results indicated that the use of the picture description technique implemented through videos uploaded to the TikTok® appproved to be beneficial for the students, allowing them to improve their speaking accuracy in both the appropriate use of grammar and vocabulary management. Additionally, participants’ opinions in the focus group and self-assessment regarding the use of TikTok® within an educational context were positive, highlighting its usefulness and ease of use.

Introducción/Objetivo: Las 4Fs del marketing digital —flujo, funcionalidad, feedback y fidelización— hacen la comunicación atractiva y efectiva en los recursos digitales. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar las 4Fs del marketing digital en una empresa hotelera del sector ecoturístico en México, validando un modelo de medición y analizando el posicionamiento de la marca y la relación vinculante entre estas variables. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal, descriptivo y correlacional. Los participantes fueron 280 seguidores de la página de Facebook de la empresa. Se utilizó un cuestionario con 21 ítems, empleando análisis factorial confirmatorio con el método de máxima verosimilitud para determinar la validez de constructo y el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach para la fiabilidad. Resultados: El análisis de correlación de Pearson mostró una relación significativa alta entre las 4Fs del marketing digital y el posicionamiento de marca: flujo (0.808), funcionalidad (0.829), feedback (0.885) y fidelización (0.864). Todas las correlaciones son significativas al nivel 0.01 (bilateral). Conclusiones: Se corroboró que los esfuerzos de la empresa en sus sitios web para lograr que los clientes experimenten una interacción agradable y una búsqueda de información efectiva influyen significativamente en la creación de recuerdos y asociaciones con la marca. ABSTRACT - Introduction/Objective: The 4Fs of digital marketing — flow, functionality, feedback, and loyalty — enhance effective and appealing communication across digital platforms. This study aims to evaluate the application of the 4Fs model in a Mexico-based ecotourism hotel, validating its measurement framework and analyzing the relationship between these variables and brand positioning. Methodology: A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational approach was employed. The study surveyed 280 followers of the company’s Facebook page, using a 21-item questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis with maximum likelihood estimation assessed construct validity, while Cronbach’s alpha coefficient measured reliability. Results: Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong, significant relationship between the 4Fs of digital marketing and brand positioning: flow (0.808), functionality (0.829), feedback (0.885), and loyalty (0.864). All correlations were statistically significant at the 0.01 level (two-tailed). Conclusions: The study affirmed that the company’s efforts on its websites to foster pleasant user interaction and effective information retrieval significantly contribute to creating memorable brand associations.

Virtual influencer marketing is a global emerging phenomenon in social media research. Research on traditional influencer marketing and practices has been the locus of attention for years, but fairly scarce research deals with the rise and influence of virtual influencers, also known as artificial intelligence influencers (AIIs) or computer-generated influencers (CGIs). In this article, an explorative, qualitative single case analysis of the Japanese CGI influencer Imma is presented to identify how the CGI is visually constructed on Instagram in a marketing campaign. Two supplementary semiotic lenses are applied, i.e. a visual compositional analysis and a semiotic image analysis. The results indicate that the CGI influencer Imma is visually presented by and large with the same characteristics and attributes as found in similar studies of human influencers. Moreover, the findings indicate subtle yet essential differences in the visual framing of the CGI character to enhance a human-like appearance. Concludingly, this study has preliminary implications for research, practitioners, prospective marketers, and future innovation leaders in the virtual marketing industry, and it is proposed to consider reconceptualizing our understanding of virtual influencers and acknowledging the rise of Virtual Influencer Marketing as a field in its own right.

Esta investigación busca determinar cómo las tradiciones y costumbres generadas en la historia y la cultura de un barrio, se han extrapolado a la red social Facebook; como elemento socializador, manteniendo en la memoria activa; costumbres, lugares y personajes más allá de la distancia, el tiempo y lo espacios. Para este estudio, aplicamos la metodología con un enfoque mixto, en una revisión explorativa-descriptiva de dos instrumentos. El primero, los grupos virtuales de Facebook Barrio de Monserrate y Cuartel primero Monserrate, analizando la información publicada de enero a junio 2023. El segundo instrumento, fueron entrevistas a profundidad realizadas con un experto en redes sociales, una experta en revalorización de costumbres e historia de los pueblos y los administradores de los grupos analizados. El análisis y discusión de los contenidos e interacción de los grupos en Facebook contextualizan el rol que cumple esta red social, en la construcción de estas comunidades y el impacto que representa en la memoria individual y colectiva de sus integrantes, fortaleciendo la identidad barrial, validando a Baltar-Moreno (2022) y el principio de que existe memoria colectiva mientras el grupo social que la mantiene, siga existiendo en el tiempo y en el espacio, para no desaparecer.

At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, scientific literature published research about the presence of hoaxes and evidence in diverse social media, with a huge scientific and social impact. The main results showed that while in Western social media like X there was more false information and less scientific evidence than in the Chinese platform Weibo, but scientific evidence was more retweeted than hoaxes. This research allowed the identification of social activists for science in the social media, who multiplied their impact when scientists provided them with evidence. Mpox clade 1b outbreak, which has now been declared a global public health emergency by WHO, requires a fast reaction from science, already taking place. This article analyzes information disseminated in X and Weibo about mpox. 3089 messages published between 12 and 16 of August 2024 have been analyzed. The results show that while hoaxes around mpox are prevalent in social media, posts containing scientific evidence do receive more interaction. Such findings contribute to the understanding of the health crisis and underscore the need for health authorities to join efforts with citizens to co-create evidence-based communication strategies.

This research is part of a larger study and aims to analyze the case of EducaBlog, a professional blog of social education, from a phenomenological perspective to analyze its contribution to the professionalization, identity, and professional development of social education. This report presents the quantitative results and compares them with qualitative ones, both collected through a virtual questionnaire that was aimed at professionals from the third social sector who follow EducaBlog. The analysis was performed using SPSS V.26 software (INC., Chicago, IL) for quantitative data and NVIVO 12 V. Release 1.5 for qualitative data. The results showed that EducaBlog users identify it as a professional learning space that contributes both to professionalization, to identity and to professional development.

The emergence of digital media platforms like social media has considerably influenced health information collection and dissemination. Through in-depth interviews, (N=27) health professionals were purposively sampled, to evaluate the effectiveness of social media use for health information collection and dissemination during the peak of COVID-19 in Ghana. The participants sampled for the study include; (n=2) Regional Public Health Officers;(n=10) Directors of Ghana Health Services;(n=10); and (n=5) Disease Control officers. The responses from the participants were analyzed using the qualitative condensed thematic approach. The findings of the study show that social media for public health information facilitates the retrieval of official information, disease detection, timely estimation, and prediction of disease incidence and severity. Regarding the challenges and constraints facing Ghana’s use of social media for COVID-19 public health information collection, this study identified the high cost of internet data and smartphones, and low budgetary allocation as the three critical limitations. Other challenges are fake news in the form of misinformation, and disinformation on social media platforms. The study recommends an increase in budgetary allocation and required infrastructural development, to enhance the application of social media in public health information collection and dissemination for public health management.

Gergely Gosztonyi's latest book delves into the contemporary landscape of censorship, emphasising the impact of new technologies. Amid an unprecedented ease of information sharing, the paradox of widespread yet easily restricted speech emerges, now influenced by major tech entities instead of traditional state or religious powers. Gosztonyi provides a nuanced typification system for various forms of censorship, highlighting historical perspectives from Plato to modern times to underscore pivotal legal theories on freedom of expression. The work navigates the evolution of content regulation driven by social media, highlighting legislative shortcomings and self-regulatory practices in the US and the European platform regulation framework with the signing of the Digital Services Act and the Digital Markets Act. Apart from providing a critical view on the practical applicability of these main schemes of internet regulation, a comparative analysis introduces the stringent Chinese model as an emerging global trend. A detailed examination of content moderation, combining artificial intelligence and human oversight, is suggested as the most viable path forward, ensuring transparency. European case law is meticulously analysed, illuminating the liability of online platforms for unlawful content and state-imposed internet restrictions. The book identifies global trends in digital authoritarianism and proposes 26 regulatory principles for effective internet governance. While the focus on freedom of expression may seem narrow, Gosztonyi's work stands as a pivotal resource for understanding and addressing the legal, technological, and societal dimensions of modern censorship.

En los últimos años, las organizaciones y la sociedad general se han envuelto en una serie de transformaciones; en su mayoría, resultantes de los avances tecnológicos y la necesidad de hacer uso de sus beneficios ante situaciones inesperadas como lo acontecido ante el covid-19. Por ello, el artículo tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación de los Social Media en la intención del cliente de un retail en Lima, Perú, contemplando el impacto que las redes sociales han traído a los intercambios comerciales. Se empleó el enfoque cuantitativo con diseño no experimental, descriptivo, correlacional de corte transeccional. La técnica de recolección de datos fue la encuesta, y como instrumento de investigación se diseñó de un cuestionario de preguntas cerradas. La población estuvo conformada por los habitantes de Lima Norte distribuidos en los distritos de Ancón, Carabayllo, Comas, Independencia, Los Olivos, Puente Piedra, San Martín de Porres y Santa Rosa, siendo un total de 2 465 288 habitantes, para la muestra se seleccionó un muestreo aleatorio simple obteniendo como unidades de información 365 habitantes de Lima Norte. El social media con respecto a la intención de compra, corresponde al p valor de 0.043 referente al Rho de Spearman con un sig.(bil) es 0.416. Concluyendo, que existe relación significativa entre las variables de estudio. En el caso particular, de los social media están relacionadas con la intención de compra del cliente de un retail en Lima, Perú. Puntualmente, las percepciones en cuanto a la información que obtienen a través de las redes sociales, así como la publicidad y la comunicación que establecen fueron evaluados en todos los distritos de forma positiva, razón por la cual se considera que el uso de los social media en el retail de Lima, Perú, resulta acertado según la evaluación de la muestra estudiada.

Health promotion by utilizing digital media, primarily through Instagram social media, brings many advantages in the form of easily accessible health information sources, health information that can be designed to be more visually attractive, and can form a community among audiences related to health and increase interesting educational content by utilizing feature features in Instagram. This study aims to learn more about using Instagram social media as a health promotion medium by several private hospitals in West Java. This research uses Luttrell's concepts, namely, Share, Optimize, Manage, and Engage. This research uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques such as observations, interviews, and literature studies. The results obtained are 1) The selection of Instagram social media by Private Hospitals as one of the health promotion media tools is the right step; 2) At the optimization stage, the message is packaged in such a way that it can be optimally conveyed through social media. This is because each social media has different characteristics; The optimization process carried out by the hospital selects the content to be uploaded and sees each conversation in each upload; 3) At the management stage; the hospital conducts media monitoring by looking at the development of the number of followers, the number of posts and the number of responses each month; 4) At the age stage; the hospital set a target for health promotion through social media Instagram private hospitals in West Java.

The research aimed to analyze the impact of social media management on the sales of a Peruvian hotel corporations. The study included interviews with top management, including managers from the sales department and marketing team, using a qualitative and basic approach with a phenomenological design. The interviews were analyzed based on two categories: marketing strategies in social media, as defined by Kiráľová & Pavlíček (2015), and the outcomes of using social media, according to Heller & Parasnis (2011); and Soteres (2011). The interviewees perceived a positive impact of the use of social media on the sales of the hotel chain. This effect can be primarily attributed to its role in achieving brand awareness nationally and globally. Similarly, social media disseminates information related to the hotel chain, providing the target audience a clearer understanding of the company’s offerings, including accommodation options and pricing details. Furthermore, social media facilitates seamless and direct communication with the target audience. In conclusion, this study contributes valuable insights that could easily be applied by hotel chains.

Commento all'avviso dell'U.S. Surgeon General che presenta un'analisi indipendente sull'impatto dei social media sui giovani proponendo le azioni che dovrebbero essere intraprese da policymaker, aziende tecnologiche, adulti e famiglie, e ricercatori.

This study examines the public discourse about vaccines on Twitter during the COVID-19 pandemic and compares it with the discourses about vaccines before the pandemic. Discourse, users’ profile, content, tone, vaccines, and sources of information were manually coded. We have identified a diversity of discourses related to vaccines. The discourse that has stood out the most during the pandemic is related to pandemic management measures. Nevertheless, both denialist and anti-denialist discourses are reduced compared to the previous period. Besides this, less polarization and more neutral discourse were identified during the pandemic. The two periods are expressly marked by tweets with content related to opinions and personal experiences regarding vaccines. Some of them are characterized, in general, by informality in how the users communicate their ideas. Interestingly, users from the medical-scientific sphere did not participate more in Twitter during the pandemic. There were fewer posts including scientific findings and more tweets about patient resources. On the other hand, the media and journalists were very active in this period by disseminating information and issuing vaccine opinions, reflecting their essential role in health crises. However, the presence of television channels, such as Fox News, can be an indication of conservative ideas on vaccines. Thus, the discourses have expressed different meanings in relation to the issue and disputed their legitimacy in this symbolic and virtual market.

Introduction: This article reviews a number of studies that have sought to determine what are risk factors that may cause eating disorders in the pediatric population, taking into account the age and gender of the subjects. This study focuses on issues related to purging, bulimic behaviors, and psychological orthorexia and what impact the most common risk factors for these behaviors have in the pediatric population. Aim of study: The aim of the study is to present a comprehensive review of some of the most common risk factors predisposing to the development of eating disorders in the pediatric population, and how these factors have a direct impact on each other and are intertwined, by using available knowledge, paying particular attention to a new potential risk factor - social media. Materials and methods: Materials used in this study were found in the PubMed database, using the following keywords: ,,Social media”, ,,Mass media”, ,,Peers”, ,,Family”, ,,Orthorexia nervosa”, ,,Social media”, ,,Children”, ,,Adolescence”. Conclusion: Eating disorders are a growing problem. Our research focuses on potential risk factors, with the greatest emphasis on a relatively new risk factor: social media and screen time, and how these two factors influence young minds, what impact they have on the eating habits of children and adolescents, and what can be done to prevent eating disorders in the pediatric population.

Giriş: 1940'lı yıllarda Lazarsfeld, Berelson ve Gaudet tarafından önerilen fikir liderliği kavramı, iki aşamalı akış modeliyle ortaya çıkmıştır. Kavramın geleneksel kabulünün sosyal medya ortamlarında özellikle influencerlar için devam edip etmediğini araştırmak gerekiyor. Metodoloji: Karma yöntem yaklaşımını benimseyen bu çalışma, keşfedici sıralı bir tasarım kullanmıştır. 12 influencer ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş ve nitel görüşmeleri desteklemek amacıyla influencerların hesapları ve içerikleri üzerinde içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Instagram fenomenleri oluştururken, örneklemi amaçlı örnekleme yoluyla seçilen 12 fenomenin paylaştığı 120 gönderiden oluşuyor. Bulgular: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, iki aşamalı akış teorisinin güncellenmesi ve günümüze uyarlanması gerektiğini, influencerların kendilerini kanaat önderi olarak gördüklerini ve influencerların takipçileriyle etkileşimi sonucunda kendilerini kanaat önderi olarak algıladıklarını göstermektedir. . Ayrıca kanaat önderi vasıflı/olmayan influencerlar, hedef kitleleri üzerindeki belirli kanaat önderliği rollerine rağmen, kanaat önderi olmayan/olmayan diğer influencerlardan ve hedef kitlelerinden etkilenerek görüş talep etmişlerdir. Sonuçlar: Sonuç olarak bu çalışma, özellikle sosyal medya ortamlarında geniş bir izleyici kitlesine sahip olan etkileyiciler için fikir liderliği kavramının geleneksel kabulünden devam ettiğini dikkate almanın önemini vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca influencerların kanaat önderliği rollerinden bahsetmek için sosyal medya kullanım pratikleri, içerikleri, takipçilerle olan etkileşimleri, kurum, kuruluş, marka ya da ajanslarla olan iletişim düzeyi gibi birçok faktöre göre değerlendirilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Araştırma belirli bir sorun ve sınırlılıklar çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulguların yol gösterici olması ve konuyla ilgili yapılacak diğer çalışmalara katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.

The study aimed to map the prevalence of social media disorder in secondary school youth. We used an abbreviated version of the Social Media Disorder Scale (SMD) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-16B). The reliability of the questionnaires used in the research, indicates that they have sufficient internal consistency. A total of 637 re-respondents participated in the study. Their ages ranged from 15 to 19 years (AM=16.63). The results of the study showed social media impairment in 11.1% of the respondents, confirming a statistically significant difference in terms of the gender of the adolescents in favour of girls, and in terms of the degree of concern about their appearance, in favour of those who are more concerned about their appearance. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference in the degree of concern about their appearance in terms of gender, was confirmed in favour of girls.

Objective: to build and validate a simulation-based education roadmap on suicide prevention in the virtual environment. Method: methodological research subdivided into a development and validation stage. The roadmap was built using a previously drafted template based on international guidelines on good clinical simulation practices and scientific literature on suicide prevention in the virtual environment. For validation, the roadmap was validated by experts through self-application of an assessment form with answers based on “adequate, fair, and inadequate”, with a field for suggestions. Descriptive statistics and the Content Validity Index (CVI≥0.8) were used. Results: nine experts took part in the study, the majority of whom were nurses (66.7%), female (55.6%), with an average age of 42.22 years. All the items in the roadmap met the acceptance criteria (CVI≥0.8). Conclusion: this study provides a useful roadmap for teaching suicide prevention in the virtual environment.

This publication provides an overview of clickbait and its characteristics. The publication also discusses a few implications of clickbait use. Written by Nicole Patten, Ricky Telg, and Kevin Kent, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, March 2024.

The production, distribution, and consumption of news have undergone fundamental changes, with social media providing an essential point of access to information. On these digital platforms, visual content has become increasingly important for the media sector. Nowadays, social media are a bridge for obtaining information, particularly on Instagram reels. The objective of this study was to investigate how news organisations make visual information available to the public, in particular the way in which reels are being used on social media. The profiles of three Portuguese national newspapers on the Instagram social network are analysed using a quantitative and qualitative approach. The variation of followers, the differences and similarities in the strategies used to distribute reels and how short videos are included to engage the target audience are analysed over the period. The way in which different journalistic genres are integrated into social media for the distribution of news is also presented, relating it to changes in communication management with the use of reels. The findings of this study suggest that social networks’ influence on journalistic management and practices is changing digital journalism.

Este trabajo analiza la gestión de la comunicación organizacional externa digital en los medios sociales de las bibliotecas universitarias pertenecientes a la Red de Universidades Católicas y de Orientación Católica de la República Argentina (BUCOC), y su posible relación con la formación profesional de los responsables y colaboradores encargados de esta tarea. El estudio se llevó a cabo entre el 1 de julio de 2020 y el 31 de enero de 2022, mediante un enfoque descriptivo y un diseño no experimental de tipo transeccional o transversal. Para el análisis se utilizaron técnicas de observación directa, mediante guías de criterios para analizar los sitios web y perfiles en medios sociales, y encuestas a los responsables de las bibliotecas y sus colaboradores involucrados en la gestión de la comunicación. Los resultados revelan que la mayoría de las bibliotecas utilizan los medios sociales para promover sus servicios, pero apenas los usan para establecer relaciones públicas con los usuarios. Se identificaron deficiencias en las prácticas de comunicación, posiblemente relacionadas con la falta de capacitación en la gestión estratégica de la comunicación digital. El trabajo concluye señalando posibles áreas de investigación futuras relacionadas con el tema abordado en el estudio = This work analyzes the management of external digital organizational communication in the social media of university libraries belonging to the Network of Catholic and Catholic-oriented Universities of the Argentine Republic (BUCOC), and its possible relationship with the professional training of those responsible and collaborators in charge of this task. The study was carried out between July 1, 2020 and January 31, 2022, using a descriptive approach and a non-experimental design of transectional or cross-sectional type. Direct observation techniques were used for the analysis, using criteria guides to analyze websites and social media profiles, and surveys of library managers and their collaborators involved in communication management. The results reveal that most libraries use social media to promote their services, but hardly use them to establish public relations with users. Weaknesses in communication practices were identified, possibly related to the lack of training in the strategic management of digital communication. The work concludes by pointing out possible areas for future research related to the topic addressed in the study.

Abstract Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019, a multitude of conspiracy theories have started floating around which ascribe the origins of the virus to a range of causes. Against this backdrop, the chapter aims at demonstrating how conspiracy beliefs are linguistically created in news and social media. For this purpose, adopting an approach which combines Grice’s Cooperative Maxims with the principles of Cognitive Linguistics, our study delves into a set of documents available on free online fact-checking organizations as well as Tweets, Facebook posts and speeches released by influential voices and ordinary people. The research demonstrates how unconventional metaphors and metonymies, unexpected syntactic patterns and dispreferred windowing of attention, as well as other linguistic devices, contribute to flouting or violating the Maxims of Quantity, Quality, Relevance and Manner (Grice 1975; 1989) thus constructing false claims and mis-/dis-information.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic and the travelling restrictions put in place by governments had an unprecedented effect on tourism in South Tyrol, with stays from the main markets experiencing a loss ranging from -36.3% to -73.4%. The present study explores the English-language social media communication of tourist destinations in South Tyrol during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak. To do so, a combined methodological approach is adopted, based on ethnographic interviews with practitioners of the tourism sector and corpusassisted discourse analysis. The findings reveal that the deployment of futureoriented and corrective linguistic approaches to envision a post-crisis scenario is crucial in conveying hope and possibility. These findings not only enhance our understanding of tourism discourse in the context of communication crisis management but also have implications for the resilience of tourism industry during challenging periods.

En la era de la información y la comunicación, los líderes políticos se enfrentan a un desafío crucial: conectar de manera auténtica con la ciudadanía. Para lograrlo, necesitan implementar herramientas como el storytelling y el storydoing. El storytelling implica la capacidad de contar historias emocionales que transmiten mensajes políticos de manera atractiva y conmovedora para establecer una conexión con la audiencia. Sin embargo, para que estas narrativas tengan un impacto significativo, deben estar respaldadas por acciones concretas y transparentes, es decir, el storydoing. Es importante que los líderes políticos demuestren coherencia entre sus palabras y acciones para construir una imagen y reputación política positiva, generando confianza y credibilidad en la ciudadanía. En este contexto, las redes sociales juegan un papel fundamental para mostrar acciones y compararlas con discursos previos, satisfaciendo así la demanda de transparencia por parte de los ciudadanos y fomentando una mayor participación ciudadana. En conclusión, el éxito de los líderes políticos depende de su habilidad para combinar de manera efectiva el storytelling con acciones concretas storydoing, construyendo así una reputación sólida y genuina que conecte con la ciudadanía y respalde sus iniciativas políticas.

As social media continues to evolve, visual information has become a significant aspect in the media sector. Short videos on Instagram have revolutionized digital journalism and impacted management processes and journalistic practices in many ways. This paper aims to examine how reels are reshaping the way the news organizations make visual information available to the audience. Through a quantitative and qualitative approach, the profile of four of the main Portuguese national newspapers on the social network Instagram is analyzed. In the period under analysis, all of them increased the number of followers, presented differences and similarities in the use of strategies in the distribution of reels, used short videos in their strategies in order to be able to involve their target audience more. Furthermore, they discussed how the use of reels on Instagram has transformed communication management, such as the adoption of multimedia reporting and the integration of social media in news distribution. This article provides valuable insight into the evolving nature of digital journalism and the impact of social media on management processes and journalistic practices.

ABSTRACT The capacity to obtain market insights is a strategic need for companies to remain competitive. Despite this and the massive volume of data generated by consumers every second, companies rarely have the culture of making marketing decisions based on data and, when they do, rarely use consumer data widely available online, especially on social networks. One reason is that these data (e.g. texts) tend to be “dirty”, disorganized and bulky, a so-called unstructured data. The purpose of this article is to discuss the benefits of new types of data that have become more abundant and accessible in Web 3.0 through popular social networks, as well as new methods of analysis, particularly learning methods for prediction. For this, an extensive literature review was carried out and a topic modeling was conducted to get an overview of the data and methods. At the end, the article suggests six main marketing challenges that unstructured data analytics can contribute to overcome, improving companies’ competitiveness.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Assess the correlation between the sales of two drugs with no proven efficacy against covid-19, ivermectin and chloroquine, and other relevant variables, such as Google® searches, number of tweets related to these drugs, number of cases and deaths resulting from covid-19. METHODS The methodology adopted in this study has four stages: data collection, data processing, exploratory data analysis, and correlation analysis. Spearman’s method was used to obtain cross-correlations between each pair of variables. RESULTS The results show similar behaviors between variables. Peaks occurred in the same or near periods. The exploratory data analysis showed shortage of chloroquine in the period corresponding to the beginning of advertising for the application of these drugs against covid-19. Both drugs showed a high and statistically significant correlation with the other variables. Also, some of them showed a higher correlation with drug sales when we employed a one-month lag. In the case of chloroquine, this was observed for the number of deaths. In the case of ivermectin, this was observed for the number of tweets, cases, and deaths. CONCLUSIONS The results contribute to decision making in crisis management by governments, industries, and stores. In times of crisis, as observed during the covid-19 pandemic, some variables can help sales forecasting, especially Google® and tweets, which provide a real-time analysis of the situation. Monitoring social media platforms and search engines would allow the determination of drug use by the population and better prediction of potential peaks in the demand for these drugs.

This case study presents the artistic research and production process for an interactive installation, Epic Sock Puppet Theater (ESPT), that uses artivist tactics to engage with the divisive socio-political content of online disinformation campaigns. The project allows viewers to interact with a dataset of social media posts made by “sock puppets” or imposter accounts used as part of state-sponsored disinformation campaigns so the viewer can become better equipped to recognize disinformation in their own social media feeds, less susceptible to its negative effects and less likely to unwittingly share it. The project is based on inoculation theory, a biological metaphor for building resistance against future disinformation through careful preemptive exposure to disinformation messages, as well as research that found that the revelation of a sock puppet account helped social media users identify other sock puppets spreading disinformation. In this case study, we summarize our research, user testing, and artistic process as a resource for others who may be interested in combining research, art and activism. Through our research and experimentation, we carefully selected artistic tactics, focusing on techniques from Brechtian epic theater to present emotionally and politically charged content that is designed to polarize viewers in a way that allows for critical reflection. The result is an artistic solution to a socio-technical problem: an animatronic sock puppet theater that simultaneously helps to familiarize and distance the public from online sock puppet disinformation, to creatively mitigate its negative effects.

The research seeks to establish the use of social networks in companies in the tourism sector, especially to identify the most popular networks, their type and the role they play in these companies. The problem was approached through a systematic literature review, focused on the use of social networks in tourism companies. The Scopus database was consulted, initially finding 179 articles, using the keywords: social media, tourism and hotels. After applying the exclusion criteria, 15 articles were identified. The findings indicate that the Tripadvisor network, specialized in the tourism sector, is the most used, followed by Facebook and Twitter, which are generalist networks. It is concluded that social networks have transformed the way in which users in the hotel sector interact, research and make decisions about their accommodations, consulting the opinions and previous experiences of other users.

El uso cada vez más extendido de la tecnología y las redes sociales entre adolescentes implica la exposición a diferentes tipos de violencia. El objetivo de este estudio es comprender la influencia de las redes sociales en la normalización de la violencia en adolescentes costarricenses. Con un enfoque cualitativo y un método desde la sociología digital a través de estudios de caso, se llevaron a cabo grupos focales y entrevistas a profundidad con cinco estudiantes de noveno año de un colegio de la provincia de Heredia, Costa Rica. A través de un proceso inductivo, se concluye que aunque las redes sociales por sí mismas no determinan el desarrollo de procesos de normalización de la violencia, al ser una extensión social del entorno físico se consolidan como un canal de exposición a la violencia observada y experimentada. Igualmente, se tornan en espacios de resignificación desde los cuales se podrían estar invisibilizando, legitimando y normalizando algunas manifestaciones de la violencia. Normalization of violence on social media: a case study with Costa Rican adolescents Abstract The increasingly widespread use of technology and social media among adolescents involves exposure to different types of violence. The objective of this study is to understand the influence of social media in the normalization of violence among Costa Rican adolescents. Using a qualitative approach and from digital sociology and through the method of case studies, focus groups and in-depth interviews were conducted with five ninth-grade students from a school in the province of Heredia. Through an inductive process, it was concluded that although social media, by themselves, do not determine the development of processes of normalization of violence, they consolidate as a channel of exposure to observed and experienced violence, as they are a social extension of the physical environment. Likewise, they become spaces of resignification from which some manifestations of violence could be invisibilized, legitimized, and normalized.

Social media have become a key tool in the institutional communication of universities to disseminate content and establish interaction and dialogue with their publics. Content strategy in social networks is a relevant aspect to inform their audiences about their daily activities and position universities in the digital sphere. This article studies the influence of the different types of content posted by universities on their social networks on the level of engagement of their publics. We conducted a content analysis of more than 90,000 posts by 70 universities in three regions (Europe, the United States and Latin America) on their institutional profiles on three social networks (Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn). The results show that the level of engagement achieved by the universities’ posts is very low. Universities clearly prioritize institutional content over functional content, and organizational topics are the most published on social networks. Institutional content achieves a higher level of engagement than functional content, and posts on organizational topics have the best level of engagement. Our study might refute the hypothesis that “functional content will generate a higher level of engagement than institutional content on social networks.” Thus, it can be concluded that the combination of content on social networks suggests that universities mainly use social networks to develop an institutional positioning strategy on social media.

Introdução/objetivo: as redes sociais permitem a autodeclaração de emoções que dificilmente seriam observadas no ambiente físico. Nesse contexto, este estudo busca analisar a relação entre as experiências com a pós-graduação e as emoções autodeclaradas nas redes sociais. Complementarmente, busca identificar diferenças na percepção dos respondentes conforme as características pessoais. Metodologia: os dados obtidos junto aos discentes do stricto sensu totalizaram 1173 participações. A análise consistiu em testes de diferenças entre grupos e modelagem de equações estruturais. Resultados: os resultados revelam que as emoções positivas são influenciadas pela organização do curso, pelas relações interpessoais e pelo apoio ao desenvolvimento acadêmico, no modelo geral. Enquanto as emoções negativas são afetadas pela organização do curso e pelas relações interpessoais, no modelo geral, e pela estrutura institucional e pela organização do curso, para o modelo restrito à área de ciências sociais aplicadas. Conclusões: a pesquisa demonstra que as emoções que os estudantes brasileiros compartilham nas redes sociais são afetadas pelas vivências durante a pós-graduação e estão sujeitas a variações de acordo com as características únicas de cada aluno. Adicionalmente, o estudo sublinha a relevância de acompanhar de perto as emoções manifestadas pelos estudantes em ambientes virtuais, uma vez que esses dados podem oferecer insights preciosos para a administração dos programas de pós-graduação. Introduction/objective: Social networks allow the self-declaration of emotions that would hardly be observed in the physical environment. In this context, this study seeks to analyze the relationship between postgraduate experiences and self-declared emotions in social media. In addition, we seek to identify differences in the perception of respondents according to personal characteristics. Methodology: Data obtained from stricto sensu students totaled 1,173 participants. The analysis was performed with the help statistical techniques of differences between groups and structural equation modeling. Results: The results reveal that positive emotions are influenced by the course organization, interpersonal relations and support for academic development, in the general model. while negative emotions are affected by the course organization and interpersonal relations, in the general model, and the institutional structure and course organization, for the model restricted to the area of ​​applied social sciences. Conclusions: The research demonstrates that the emotions that Brazilian students share on social networks are affected by their experiences during postgraduate studies and are subject to variations according to the unique characteristics of each student. Additionally, the study highlights the relevance of closely monitoring the emotions expressed by students in virtual environments, as this data can offer valuable insights for the administration of postgraduate programs.

As much as we know that discourses attacking the credibility of science and the manufacture of fake news are not a recent phenomenon, they have been gaining greater visibility with the popularization of social media. Due to the algorithms that govern the content shown to the user, ideological bubbles are created, in which misinformation finds fertile ground to propagate. Thinking about the Brazilian context, we conducted an ethnographic study for the internet and analyzed the characteristics of misinformation discourses related to scientific knowledge on the social network Twitter, among users who take part in support networks for former President Jair Bolsonaro. By the categorization of the reported content, we discuss not only the discursive characteristics present in the analyzed tweets, but also how the processes of teaching-learning in science and the lack of certain knowledge involving the way scientific knowledge is built can influence the spread of misinformation. We present results that relate personal and immediate experience, hidden causal links, and identity belonging as characteristics that affect the spread of misinformation online. We compare these characteristics with gaps in science teaching-learning processes. We conclude by highlighting the importance of both understanding how the content filter of social networks works and promoting an education that develops ways of thinking seeking generalizations of content as ways to fight misinformation.

El objetivo de este estudio es examinar las cuentas de TikTok de bibliotecas en Indonesia. La investigación se llevó a cabo en 12 cuentas de TikTok con un total de 688 publicaciones para obtener una mejor comprensión del contenido de TikTok, el tipo de información publicada y la interacción de los seguidores en las publicaciones. Los datos se recopilaron observando todas las cuentas y publicaciones de TikTok. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de las bibliotecas comenzaron a utilizar TikTok en 2020, en respuesta al creciente número de usuarios de TikTok y el cambio durante la pandemia. Los tipos más comunes de información publicada son información de la colección de la biblioteca y otra información. Los anuncios, servicios y espacio de la biblioteca son los tres tipos de información que reciben más interacción. Este estudio tiene implicaciones prácticas para las bibliotecas que utilizan TikTok como una alternativa de redes sociales. TikTok podrá llegar a una audiencia más joven, impulsar la creatividad, difundir la alegría y ahorrar dinero a las bibliotecas. Basándose en los hallazgos de este estudio, los bibliotecarios pueden considerar el formato de la información publicada. Este estudio ofrece perspectivas de la plataforma de redes sociales TikTok como una nueva oportunidad para promocionar las bibliotecas. Se enfatiza el enorme potencial de utilizar plataformas de redes sociales como TikTok para llamar más la atención y acercar las bibliotecas a los usuarios