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Context: Oral manifestations that arose from COVID-19 infection often causes morbidity and systemic drug administration is less effective. Roselle flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is one of the plants that is often used in infusion as it gives health benefits. Hence, H. sabdariffa may benefit from adjuvant therapy to treat oral manifestation due to COVID-19. Aims: To investigate the potential of H. sabdariffa anthocyanins, tartaric acid, and ascorbic acid chemical compounds as antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and increasing tissue regeneration in oral manifestation due to COVID-19 infection in silico. Methods: Chemical compounds consisted of anthocyanins, (+)-tartaric acid, and ascorbic acid beside target proteins consisted of ACE2-spike, Foxp3, IL-10, IL6, IL1β, VEGF, FGF-2, HSP70, TNFR and MDA-ovalbumin were obtained from the database, ligand samples were selected through absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicology analysis, then molecular docking simulations, identification of protein-ligand interactions, and 3D visualization were performed. Results: Anthocyanins, tartaric acid, and ascorbic acid are the active compounds in H. sabdariffa, which act as antioxidants. The activity of anthocyanin compounds is higher than other compounds through value binding affinity, which is more negative and binds to specific domains of target proteins by forming weak binding interactions that play a role in biological responses. Anthocyanins have the most negative binding energy compared to tartaric-acid and ascorbic acid. Conclusions: Anthocyanins act as antioxidants; this mechanism increases heat shock protein-70 (HSP70), which may play an important role in increasing wound regeneration of oral manifestation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as documented in silico.

Context: Liquid smoke coconut shell (LS-CS) contains phenolic compounds that are able to promote wound healing by interfering with the inflammation phase of wound healing. The homeostatic mechanism that decreases the inflammation releases a growth factor that enhances proliferation by increasing fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and fibroblast proliferation. Aims: To analyze the role of LS-CS in the proliferation phase of oral traumatic ulcer healing by analyzing fibroblast numbers and FGF-2 and VEGF expressions. Methods: Oral traumatic ulcers were induced in diabetes mellitus Wistar rats via an alloxan injection. A traumatic ulcer as long as 10 mm was made in the inferior fornix incisive labial area. The oral traumatic ulcer was then topically treated with LS-CS using a dose of 20 μL/ 20 g body weight once daily for three, five and seven days. The fibroblast number of the oral traumatic ulcers’ tissue was then analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin, and the FGF-2 and VEGF expression were analyzed via immunohistochemistry staining. The difference in fibroblast numbers and FGF-2 and VEGF expressions were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc tests with a significance of p

OBJECTIVE: To compare the reactogenicity of three yellow fever (YF) vaccines from WHO-17D and Brazilian 17DD substrains (different seed-lots) and placebo. METHODS: The study involved 1,087 adults eligible for YF vaccine in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Vaccines produced by Bio-Manguinhos, Fiocruz (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) were administered ("day 0") following standardized procedures adapted to allow blinding and blocked randomization of participants to coded vaccine types. Adverse events after immunization were ascertained in an interview and in diary forms filled in by each participant. Liver enzymes were measured on days 0, 4-20 and 30 of the study. Viremia levels were measured on days 4 to 20 of follow-up. The immune response was verified through serologic tests. RESULTS: Participants were mostly young males. The seroconversion rate was above 98% among those seronegative before immunization. Compared to placebo, the excess risk of any local adverse events ranged from 0.9% to 2.5%, whereas for any systemic adverse events it ranged from 3.5% to 7.4% across vaccine groups. The excess risk of events leading to search for medical care or to interruption of work activities ranged from 2% to 4.5%. Viremia was detected in 3%-6% of vaccinees up to 10 days after vaccination. Variations in liver enzyme levels after vaccination were similar in placebo and vaccine recipients. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of adverse events post-immunization against YF, accounting for the background occurrence of nonspecific signs and symptoms, was shown for the first time to be similar for vaccines from 17D and 17DD substrains. The data also provided evidence against viscerotropism of vaccine virus.OBJETIVO: Comparar a reatogenicidade de três vacinas contra a febre amarela (FA) das sub-cepas WHO-17D e 17DD (diferentes lotes-semente), e placebo. MÉTODOS: Foram recrutados 1.087 adultos elegíveis para vacinação contra FA no Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Vacinas produzidas por Bio-Manguinhos, Fiocruz (Rio de Janeiro, RJ) foram administradas ("dia zero") seguindo procedimentos adaptados para alocação randômica em blocos e "cega" para o tipo de vacina. Eventos adversos pós-vacinação foram registrados em questionários e diários preenchidos pelos participantes. Enzimas hepáticas foram medidas nos dias 0, 4-20 e 30 do estudo. A viremia foi medida nos dias 4-20. A resposta imune foi verificada em testes sorológicos nos dias 0 e 30. RESULTADOS: Os participantes eram predominantemente homens jovens. A taxa de soroconversão foi superior a 98% no grupo soronegativo antes da vacinação. Comparado ao placebo, a diferença de risco de eventos adversos locais variou de 0,9% a 2,5%, e de 3,5% a 7,4% para eventos adversos sistêmicos nos grupos vacinados. A diferença de risco desses eventos com assistência médica e/ou falta ao trabalho variou de 2,0% a 4,5%. Viremia foi detectada em 3% a 6% dos vacinados até 10 dias após a vacinação. As variações nos níveis de enzimas hepáticas pós-vacinação foram semelhantes nos grupos vacinados e placebo. CONCLUSÕES: Foi demonstrada pela primeira vez a semelhança do perfil de reatogenicidade das vacinas contra FA das cepas 17D e 17DD, comparados entre si e com placebo. As variações das enzimas hepáticas constituem evidência contra o potencial de viscerotropismo do vírus vacinal.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the immunogenicity of three yellow fever vaccines from WHO-17D and Brazilian 17DD substrains (different seed-lots). METHODS: An equivalence trial was carried out involving 1,087 adults in Rio de Janeiro. Vaccines produced by Bio-Manguinhos, Fiocruz (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) were administered following standardized procedures adapted to allow blocked randomized allocation of participants to coded vaccine types (double-blind). Neutralizing yellow fever antibody titters were compared in pre- and post-immunization serum samples. Equivalence was defined as a difference of no more than five percentage points in seroconversion rates, and ratio between Geometric Mean Titters (GMT) higher than 0.67. RESULTS: Seroconversion rates were 98% or higher among subjects previously seronegative, and 90% or more of the total cohort of vaccinees, including those previously seropositive. Differences in seroconversion ranged from -0.05% to -3.02%. The intensity of the immune response was also very similar across vaccines: 14.5 to 18.6 IU/mL. GMT ratios ranged from 0.78 to 0.93. Taking the placebo group into account, the vaccines explained 93% of seroconversion. Viremia was detected in 2.7% of vaccinated subjects from Day 3 to Day 7. CONCLUSIONS: The equivalent immunogenicity of yellow fever vaccines from the 17D and 17DD substrains was demonstrated for the first time in placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial. The study completed the clinical validation process of a new vaccine seed-lot, provided evidence for use of alternative attenuated virus substrains in vaccine production for a major manufacturer, and for the utilization of the 17DD vaccine in other countries.