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This discussion of the literature of unrequited love deals with the elusiveness of love’s object in the world, and asks whether that elusiveness may be intrinsic to the passion. If love is dependent upon the imagination, this implies vulnerability to disappointment or unappeasable longing: but it also makes space for the imagination as creative function or power. The unrequited lover in the texts under discussion is significantly also a writer, a maker of letters or books or poems; the artwork is understood less as a displacement of desire than as a model for its instantiation in the world. Texts discussed include Rousseau, Julie; Sterne, A Sentimental Journey; Goethe, The Sorrows of Young Werther; Mary Robinson, Sappho and Phaon; Mary Hays, Memoirs of Emma Courtney; Percy Shelley, ‘On Love’, Hazlitt, Liber Amoris; and Plato, The Symposium.

The eighteenth century is not only the Age of Reason but also a great age of feeling, in which sensations, emotions, feelings and affects redefine both the relationship between the human and the natural environment and the relationship between the self and the social, or the self and itself. If the “sensitive soul” shapes a new moral ideal, it also points out the importance of a human faculty which does not oppose reason, but complements it. In this paper I wish to explore the questions posed by the “rise of feeling” in the eighteenth-century French novel and the way in which it impacts upon a general understanding of the “human machine” and human nature. In this respect, I intend to propose a re-reading of two famous novels of the time, i.e. Montesquieu’s Lettres persanes and Choderlos de Laclos’s Liaisons dangereuses. Based upon recent research on the history of sensibility and emotions, our study examines the way in which sensibility promotes new fictional forms and norms of emotional behavior intended to open a debate on human nature. The conclusion that I will draw is that the French novelists of the time, even those who seemed less “sentimental” (such as Montesquieu) or less “philosophical” (such as Prévost or Laclos), did not ignore the then contemporary philosophical debates on sensibility and human nature, but tackled them from a more experimental angle by imagining fictional characters whose disturbed sensibility served to question the limits between the human, the non-human and the inhuman.

Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) was an ardent believer in individual freedom and self-development; consequently, she frequently discussed the possibilities of women’s education and self-reliance in her writings. Being rather reckless in her life, she was often on the move, not only searching for better life conditions but also following her own impulses in her critical reading. The motif of intellectual mobility features her educational writings, argumentative works, novels, and her last publication, Letters Written During a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway and Denmark (1796) as well. In my paper, I will map the multiplicity of the concept of mobility and elaborate on the senses of escapism in Wollstonecraft’s travel-letters, moving beyond Laurence Sterne’s notion of “a sentimental journey” (A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy, 1768). Moreover, in Letters, in her solitary walks and fanciful reveries, not only Wollstonecraft’s inclination to the (natural and textual) sublime but also Rousseau’s ideas on exercise and movement will be detected (cf. Reveries of the Solitary Walker, 1782). On the one hand, my interpretation is contextualised by the late-eighteenth-century view on women’s limitations of “sensibility”, displaying the constraints the age demanded; on the other hand, I intend to place the travelogue in Mary Wollstonecraft’s oeuvre and highlight the synthesising quality of the writing as a piece of “travail” and/or “a labour of love”.

Este artículo analiza la crítica de Gilles Deleuze a la dualidad kantiana de la estética. El autor atribuye la no-coincidencia entre la estética trascendental como teoría de la sensibilidad y la estética como teoría del gusto a una doble presuposición que se debe abandonar, esta es, relegar la síntesis a la actividad, y la noción de condiciones de la experiencia posible en lugar de condiciones de la experiencia real. El intento deleuziano por superar la dualidad corre el riesgo de recaer en dos estéticas, y se sugiere una manera diferente de realizar dicho proyecto por medio del concepto de sensación.

Evaluation of the Waist Weight-Circumference Index (WWCI) using Logistic Regression. Descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study shows 1095 adults and older adults, aged between 20 and 96 years. Methods: variables: age, weight, size, Waist Circumference (WC), BMI, Waist-Size Index (WSI). Results: Similar BMI in both sexes; higher WC and WSI averages in a ≥ age of 65; major WWCI in group 20-59 years; WWCI risk rate (54.1%) higher in WC (44.7%) WSI (78.2%). WWSI significantly associated with BMI, WC and WSI (p

The objective is to evaluate the WCWI, to propose it as an indicator of overweight and obesity. It is a descriptive, prospective, cross-cutting and correlational study, in a sample of 896 children and adolescents aged 6 and 19; 452 (50.4%) 444 (49.6%) of the female sex. Methods: The variables sex, age, weight, size, BMI, BFP and WCWI were measured; averages, deviation, correlations and ROC curve were determined. Results: weight averages 43.1±14.8 kg; size 146.2±15.8 cm; BMI 19.6±3.6 kg/m2; WC 66.7±9.3 cm; WCWI 0.64±0.2 and BFP 15.5±7.3. Very good correlations between Size-Weight (0.87); Weight-BMI (0.84); WCWI-Weight (0.91); Size-WCWI (0.80) and BMI-WCWI (0.75); percentages resulting from classifying children and adolescents, according to BMI and WCWI values, and the three criteria assumed as references, indicate that: Overweight 10.9% (BMI) and 11.6% (WCWI); Obesity 5.3% (BMI) and 5.8% (WCWI); for the Mean and Deviation criterion, Overweight 4.1% (BMI) and 8.1% (WCWI); Obesity 0.3% (BMI) and 4.2% (WCWI). For the Fundacredesa criterion, Overweight 7.2% (BMI) and 8.0% (WCWI); Obesity 3.3% (BMI) and 3.6% (WCWI). Averages by sex, for non-significant weight, size, BMI, WC and WCWI variables; BFP averages (p

The main goal of the study is to show the novelty of Cabanis’s project. As a scientist, doctor and philosopher, the author of Rapports du physique et du moral de l’homme attempts to find a new science called anthropology, based mostly on physiology. There is also a discussion of how sensations are transformed(“translated”) into signs and ideas. In his dream of progress of human society, Cabanis has to navigate between the organic conception of the human being and vitalism, which can be seen as a critical approach to any scientific reductionism.

Kant’s critical theory on moral feeling can be divided into two stages: early and late. In the early stage, Kant was committed to accepting and transforming the traditional concept of moral feeling, while in the later stage he turned to developing his own unique theory on the topic. His beliefs about moral feeling changed between these two stages, both regarding the basic meaning of moral feeling (from intuitive empirical feelings to a priori feelings based on rationality) and the function of moral feeling in moral philosophy (from the basis of moral law to the motivation of moral action). This paper argues that these shifts help clarify the framework of Kant’s moral philosophy and introduce a new dimension to Kant’s definition of feelings and the relationship between sensibility and intellectuality. Namely, sensibility is not only determined by intellectuality but also has its unique initiative. Through acting on the body, intellectuality generates intellectual feelings, which in turn assist humans in realizing their intellectual purpose as a limited rational being.

This paper aims at presenting a reconstruction of the main theses of Lambert’s thought and their role in the establishment of Kant’s theoretical philosophy. In order to do so, the paper is divided into three sections. Initially, a consideration of Lambert’s attempt to assure illusion (Schein) within the domain of phenomenology (Körperwelt) and to institute the domain of metaphysical truth (Intellectualwelt) is carried out. Secondly, Kant’s first step away from Lambert’s proposal, which is presented in the Inaugural Dissertation’s thesis that the sensible and intellectual domains of knowledge are grounded upon two distinct and intransmutable faculties, is taken into account. Finally, Kant’s definitive step away from Lambert’s proposal, i.e., the justification of appearances in the Duisburg Nachlaβ in an objective and non-illusory domain, due to the determination of the faculty of understanding, is pointed out.

This paper analyzes four texts from the XIX and XX Century. These texts are accounts of the authors' traveling throughout Central America. Each narrative represents different literary genre including travel journals, letters, and fiction. In this paper I analyze silence, anxiety, and aspirations as representation modern gender identity in the isthmus.

Deleuze and Guattari's concept of “dividual”, as the result of a process of individualization and the digital codification of social life within societies of control, is one of the most discussed concepts in this first part of the 21st century. According to Thomas Berns and Antoinette Rouv- roy, a new form of power and control is emerging, “Algorithmic Governmentality”, which causes several theoretical problems for earlier perspectives on politics and technology, and in which the dividual amounts to a symptom, felt by individuals as an an-aesthetization of both sensibility and thinking (Montani). Taking care of this symptom means taking care of the whole of contempor- ary philosophy and its “process of individuation” (Simondon). The article, which starts from Montani's last works on bio-aesthetics, aims to describe the relationships between Berns and Rouvroy's theory and Stiegler's analysis of what he calls “Automatic Society”, focusing attention on the concept of the dividual as it is developed in both these cases.

During the 17th and 18th centuries, the first Jesuitical temple in Santafé de Bogotá was the San Ignacios´s one. It was a true educational center more than cultic place and it attracted people of all social classes, assembled in religious congregations. To “seduce” and it attract them, it was necessary to have a huge amount of genius, patience and creativity. To accomplish their educational task, the members of the Society of Jesus found assistance in fine arts manifestations. Their instruction, in conformity with the baroque spirit, did not have a conceptual basis, but a practical one. It reached people of all conditions and cultural background images and exemplary stories. Its goal was to educate more than to instruct, and it was oriented more to the sensibility than to the reason.

sometimes, a technical research leads to a mathematical model that virtualizes the studied phenomenon. Soon thereafter, we can see that the phenomenon in question is only an update among many others, often from very different domains. This situation is often linked to the renewal of old ways of seeing things, ways that we think were outdated, but that might transform our sensibility.

The article offers a possible reading of transcendence in Levinas from the perspective of the phenomenon of responsibility, a reading that is only possible from the logic of freedom as the transcendence of returning without having ever left. This entails accepting that sensibility is the ground zero of the situation, which makes evident that human beings are embodied before transcending and responding. Therefore, the body’s corporality is the fact that makes possible a responsible subject.

This paper aims at questioning the role of image and imagination in Descartes’ Metaphysics, especially in the Meditations on First Philosophy, by holding both a certain doctrinal or theoretical discourse on image/imagination and the Cartesian use of images/imagination. Besides the fact that this rarely considered perspective prevents from freezing the original text, this strategy allows to highlight the ambiguity of theses notions, revealed through what is doing by the act of imagining compared to the act of conceiving with the understanding.

This document is a research oriented to know, understand and apply the basic aspects of bonds focused in bullet types. This finance instrument is used by corporations and American countries to finance its projects.The reader can learn about their concepts, historical beginnings, composition, rates, calculation of risks, etc.

This article approaches the images to achieve a perception of our time. Not just what we can see, but mainly as sensitive is our ability, our desire and undesirable, our imagination and the unimaginable. It is problematized the political links with the market economy, to the extent that they have generated and instructed us to manage our own self-image. Thus, productivity is revealed a strong amalgam of generators and sense of body and reality. Through analysis of advertisements and television programs available on the Internet, advertisements distance courses distributed by e-mail, as well as an art project also published on the network, we come to the evidence that the image today has become the commodity par excellence. She does not just sell a product or herself, sells an experience of a world to 'my own'.

Today, society and the cultural climate of this imposed new requirements regarding the construction of knowledge and ethical principles for coexistence. This requires, among other things, the transformation of the school-teacher triad-subject in training, hence, it is necessary that educational institutions and major players loosen up and expand innovative learning schemes aimed towards new reflexivities. This study adopts the life story of Prof. Otilio Carvajal, professor of Education Comprehensive Basic School Barranquin in Barranquín community, Cumana, Sucre State, after his ingenious and innovative educational practice opening new learning techniques educational horizons which host the novelty, the unexpected, magic, charm, uncertainty and the event as vehicles that transport the teaching and learning to unpublished viable in contrast to the discovery and incorporation of the experiences that lie in knowledge and in the cultivation of knowledge that make each story a class and learning from each experience.ResumenEn la actualidad, la sociedad y el clima cultural del presente imponen nuevos requerimientos en cuanto a la construcción del conocimiento y a los principios éticos para la convivencia. Esto exige –entre otros aspectos- la transformación del trinomio escuela-docente-sujeto en formación, de allí, se hace necesario que las instituciones educativas y sus principales actores flexibilicen y amplíen esquemas de aprendizaje innovadores que apunten hacia nuevas reflexividades. La presente investigación parte de la historia de vida del Prof. Otilio Carvajal, docente de Educación Integral de la Escuela Básica de Barranquin, en la comunidad de Barranquín, Cumaná, Estado Sucre, quien tras su ingeniosa praxis pedagógica e innovadoras técnicas de aprendizaje apertura nuevos horizontes formativos donde se acogen la novedad, lo inesperado, la magia, el encanto, la incertidumbre y al acontecimiento como vehículos que transportan a docente-discente hacia inéditos viables en contraste con el descubrimiento y la incorporación de las experiencias que yacen en el saber y en el cultivo de los saberes que hacen de cada historia una clase y de cada experiencia un aprendizaje.

Background and aims: Childhood obesity is increasing dramatically in last decades. To evaluate the usefulness of body mass index (BMI), skinfold thickness (ST), waist circumference (WC), and foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance (BIA-FF) for screening for obesity in mixed-race popu lation, using the tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance (BIA-T) technique as reference method. Methods and results: A cross-sectional-based population study was performed in the city of Ouro Preto, Brazil, in 2006. Schoolchildren aged 6-15 years (n = 788) was randomly selected according to age and sex stratified by the proportion of students in each schools of the city. Nonparametric receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to define the sensitivity and specificity for each method studied using the tetrapolar method as reference. The BMI and the BIA-FF were the most suitable for adiposity screening in pre-pubertal and pubertal stages because they present a better balance between sensitivity and specificity, and smaller misclassification. For post-pubertal boys, the BF-ST-D was the best body fat assessment method. Conclusion: The results suggest that BIA-FF and BMI are choice methods for obesity screening in mixed population and that the method choice for body fat screening must be done according to sexual maturity of boys and girls. The present study demonstrates the need to perform studies in wider mixed-race population to determine anthropometric parameters and to examine the predictive ability of methods and cut-offs here elucidated in the development of obesity.Antecedentes y objetivos: La obesidad infantil está aumentando alarmantemente en las últimas décadas. Para evaluar la utilidad del índice de masa corporal (IMC), el grosor del pliegue cutáneo (GPC), la circunferencia de la cintura (CC), y la impedancia bioeléctrica pie-a-pie (BIA-PP) para el cribado de la obesidad en poblaciones con diversidad de razas utilizando una técnica de impedancia bioeléctrica tetrapolar (BIA-T) como el método de referencia. Métodos y resultados: se realizó un estudio transversal poblacional in la ciudad de Ouro Preto, Brasil, en el 2006. Se distribuyó al azar a escolares de 6-15 años (n = 788), que se seleccionaron en función de la edad y el sexo, estratificados por la proporción de estudiantes en cada colegio de la ciudad. Se utilizó un análisis no paramétrico de curvas ROC para definir la sensibilidad y la especificidad para cada método estudiado empleando el método tetrapolar como referencia. El IMC y la BIA-PP fueron los más idóneos para el cribado de la obesidad en las etapas prepuberales y puberales puesto que presentan un equilibrio mejor entre la sensibilidad y la especificidad y un menor fallo de clasificación. Para los niños prepúberes, el BF-GPC-D fue el mejor método de evaluación de la grasa corporal. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que la BIA-PP y el IMC son los métodos de elección para el cribado de la obesidad en poblaciones mixtas y que el método de elección para el cribado de la grasa corporal debe realizarse de acuerdo con la madurez sexual de los chicos y chicas. Este estudio demuestra la necesidad de realizar estudios en poblaciones mixtas más amplias para determinar los parámetros antropológicos y examinar la capacidad predictiva de los métodos y los puntos de corte obtenidos aquí en el desarrollo de la obesidad.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with a higher risk of multiple diseases and its early detection would allow to minimize the associated risk; the presence of acanthosis nigricans (AN) it´s associated to the presence of IR. Objective: To evaluate the sensibility and specificity of AN to diagnose IR in a group of Chilean patients. Methods: We designed a cross-sectional study and it was included subjects that were attended at the Center for the Attention of Metabolic Diseases at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile. Sixty subjects (18-60 years age) were included. It was determined BMI and diagnosed AN and skin phototype; blood samples were taken and calculated the HOMA-IR. The normality of the variables where analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. There were used χ² and the diagnostic concordance between AN and IR was determined using the Kappa index and Pearson´s correlation. Sensibility, specificity, positive and negative predictive value were calculated and accepted p < 0.05. Results: The IR diagnose was 67% and AN was 43%. The major proportion of subjects diagnosed as positive for IR were also positive for AN (84.6%). The sensibility of AN to find IR was an 84% and specificity was 100%. Positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 89% respectively. It was observed a positive association between BMI and HOMA-IR (r = 0.674; r² = 0.454; p < 0.001). Conclusion: To detect acanthosis nigricans in Chilean population may be effective for the early diagnose of insulin resistance and, therefore, reduce the associated cost of the late treatment of glucose metabolic disturbances.Introducción: La presencia de resistencia a la insulina (RI) se asocia a un mayor riesgo de padecer diversas enfermedades y su detección precoz permitiría minimizar el riesgo asociado; la presencia de acantosis nigricans (AN) se asocia a la presencia de RI. Objetivo: Evaluar la sensibilidad y especificidad de la AN para diagnosticar RI en un grupo de pacientes chilenos. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal y fueron incluidos sujetos atendidos por el Centro para Atención de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile. En sesenta sujetos (18-60 años) fueron determinados IMC, presencia de AN y fototipo de piel; muestras de plasma fueron tomadas para el cálculo del índice HOMA-IR. Fue analizada la normalidad de las variables con el test de Kolmogorov-Smirnov y utilizado χ² ; la concordancia diagnóstica entre AN y RI fue determinada con índice Kappa y correlación de Pearson. Fueron calculados sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y negativo y aceptado un p < 0,05. Resultados: El diagnóstico de RI fue de 67% y AN 43%. La mayor proporción de los sujetos positivos para RI también lo fueron para AN. La sensibilidad de AN para el diagnóstico de RI fue de 84% y la especificidad 100%. Los valores predictivos positivo y negativo fueron 100% y 89% respectivamente. Existe una asociación positiva entre el IMC y el HOMA-IR (r = 0,674; r² = 0,454; p < 0,001). Conclusión: En población adulta chilena la presencia de acantosis nigricans puede ser efectivo para un diagnóstico temprano de resistencia insulínica con disminución del costo asociado al tratamiento de las alteraciones en el metabolismo de la glucosa.

La reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, conocida como PCR, es un método que permite replicar miles de veces, en pocas horas e in vitro, pequeñas cantidades de ADN. La aplicación de métodos rápidos y sensibles, para detectar Listeria monocytogenes en muestras de queso blanco, permitirá un mejor control microbiológico del proceso de producción. Se aplicó PCR a 30 muestras de queso blanco, de una quesera de Valencia Estado Carabobo. Se detectó especificidad y sensibilidad para PCR mediante el empleo de la cepa control Listeria monocytogenes 446. Extracción de ADN según metodología descrita por Torres y col., Marcador de peso molecular de 100 pares de base. Se emplearon: cuatro cebadores del gen hlyA de listeriolisina O; iniciadores L1/U1 para banda 938 pb y LF/LR para banda 750 pb del gen hlyA. Estadístico EpiInfo V6 para concordancia de observaciones en geles, mediante coeficiente Kappa (K). Resultados: 8 de las 30 muestras de queso analizadas, mostraron crecimiento presuntivo de Listeria spp en Agar PALCAM. De las cuales 2 de las muestras no pertenecian al género Listeria; en las 6 restantes las pruebas de confirmación arrojaron que: 2 eran L. monocytogenes, 3 L.ivanovii y 1 L. seeligeri. Mediante PCR 2 muestras resultaron positivas para L. monocytogenes al amplificar la banda 938 pb para Listeria y banda 750 pb para la especie monocytogenes. Se concluye que PCR demostró ser altamente específico y sensible para L. monocytogenes, teniendo ventaja sobre agar PALCAM al evidenciar la presencia especifica del patógeno en un tiempo relativamente corto.The Polymerase Chain Reaction, known as PCR, is a method to replicate thousands of times within a few hours and in vitro, small amounts of DNA. The application of rapid and sensitive methods to detect Listeria monocytogenes in cheese samples, allow a better microbiological control of the production process. PCR was applied to 30 samples of of white cheese, from Valencia, Carabobo State. It was detected PCR specificity and sensitivity by using the control strain Listeria monocytogenes 446. DNA extraction according to the methodology described by Torres et al., Molecular weight marker 100 base pairs. Were used: four primers hlyA gene of listeriolysin O; L1/U1 primers for 938 bp band and LF / LR 750 bp band hlyA gene. EpiInfo Statistical V6 to match observations in gels, by Kappa coefficient (K). Results: 8 out of 30 cheese samples analyzed showed presumptive growth of Listeria spp in PALCAM Agar. Two of the samples not belonged to the genus Listeria, in the 6 remaining sample confirmation tests showed that: 2 were L. monocytogenes, 3 L. ivanovii and 1 L. seeligeri. In PCR 2 samples were positive for L. monocytogenes by amplify the 938 bp band for Listeria and 750 bp band for the species monocytogenes. We concluded that PCR was highly specific and sensitive to L. monocytogenes, taking advantage of PALCAM agar to detect the presence of the pathogen specifies a relatively short time.

Neste ensaio proponho-me identificar alguns aspectos peculiares da problematização kantiana da experiência estética, assinalando as suas tensões e os equilíbrios que a sustentam e mostrar que a sua fecundidade especulativa não se esgota no aproveitamento que a geração póskantiana (do Classicismo, Romantismo e Idealismo) fez de alguns dos seus elementos, mas continua a revelar-se na redescoberta que, nas últimas décadas, dela vem sendo feita e cujo alcance se tem provado na capacidade que oferece para revitalizar os debates actuais acerca dos problemas estéticos. Tento mostrar, nomeadamente, que a meditação kantiana representa um singular momento de equilíbrio instável entre dois regimes de pensamento estético: um, que gira em torno da categoria do gosto (Geschmack), entendido como um senso comum estético que invoca uma preocupação social e comunitária, o outro, que gira em torno da categoria do génio (Genie) e do pressuposto do carácter absoluto da individualidade e subjectividade criadora; um, que reabilita a sensibilidade humana (Sinnlichkeit) e as qualidades sensíveis dos objectos enquanto contempladas e apreciadas pelo sujeito, o outro, centrado na categoria do sentimento íntimo (Gefühl), entendido como algo inalienável e como o irredutivelmente subjectivo da vivência individual.The aim of this essay is to identify some peculiar aspects of Kant's treatment of aesthetic sentiment, showing his tensions and balances and also his fecundity to the actual philosophical debate concerning aesthetic problems. I try to demonstrate that Kant's meditation represents a singular moment of instable equilibrium between two different paradigms of aesthetic thought: one, that turns on the category of taste (Geschmack), understood as an aesthetic common sense that invokes a social and communitarian preoccupation, the other, that turns on the category of genius (Genie) and assumes the presupposition of the absolute character of the individual subjectivity as source of creativity; one, that rehabilitate the human sensibility (Sinnlichkeit) and the sensible qualities of objects as contemplated or appreciated by the subject, the other, based on the idea of inner sentiment (Gefühl), considered as something inalienable and as the absolutely subjective dimension of individual experience.

El presente trabajo se propone reflexionar en torno a la cultura infanto-juvenil a partir del caso específico de las revistas de divulgación masiva dirigidas a dicha población. En tanto objetos de fruición, dichas revistas presuponen, reproducen e inventan una escena en la cual la subjetividad infantil se refleja, se descubre y se constituye en tanto tal. En primera instancia se identifica y describe este material en términos de compuesto de enunciados y visibilidades que operan como un medio, un suelo y un saber en función de los cuales la subjetividad encuentra respuestas anticipadas acerca de quién es y del tipo de prácticas e inquietudes a partir de las cuales constituirse en tanto sujetos sensibles. Simultáneamente, se pretende dotar a este análisis de un fundamento desde el cual efectuar una operación crítica que denuncie el modo en que gestionan un uso de la imaginación al servicio de la tristeza.The purpose of this article is to discuss on the topic of infantile culture throught the specific case of magazines of massive spreading directed to the population of youngsters. As objects of enjoyment, these magazines presuppose, reproduce and invent a scene in which the infantile subjectivity reflects, discovers and constitutes itself. In first instance this material is described in terms of a compound of statements and visibilities that operate as means, the soil and knowledge in which subjectivity finds established answers of what it means to be, and the practices throughout which it can constitute itself regarding sensibility. Simultaneously, a ground for a critical operation that denounces the way in which this material does a reactive use of imagination will be provided.

The Transcendental Deduction in the second edition of Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason is divided in two parts. Nevertheless, the role of the second half is not immediately clear. This article intends to examine the argument presented in the second half after clarifying its purpose. Based on this approach, we sustain an interpretation according to which Kant tries to establish the validity of categories for all intuition given through sensibility. This interpretation seeks to confirm a conceptual articulation among sensible intuitions that is not regarded as a result of objective judgment.

Avaliou-se neste trabalho a resistência de azevém (L. multiflorum) ao glyphosate e o impacto do controle desses biótipos sobre a respiração e biomassa microbiana do solo. Foram conduzidos dois ensaios: no primeiro foram avaliadas a intoxicação e a massa seca das plantas de biótipos de três populações de azevém: população 1 (reconhecidamente resistente), população 2 (resistência intermediária), e população 3 (sensível ao glyphosate), submetidas a diferentes doses de glyphosate (200, 400, 800, 1.600 e 3.200 g ha-1). No segundo ensaio foram avaliados a massa seca da parte aérea, a altura de plantas, o número de folhas de azevém e a respiração e massa microbiana do solo cultivado com os biótipos resistente e sensível, com e sem aplicação de glyphosate (480 g ha-1). Aos 14 DAT, observou-se morte do biótipo sensível quando tratado com doses a partir de 200 g ha-1 de glyphosate. Nos biótipos resistentes e com nível intermediário de resistência, a toxicidade do glyphosate às plantas de azevém foi de 85% na maior dose avaliada. O biótipo resistente apresentou maior produção de massa seca da parte aérea aos 42 DAT e na rebrota, aos 72 DAT, quando comparado ao biótipo intermediário. O biótipo sensível apresentou maior altura de plantas, número de folhas e massa seca da parte aérea, em comparação ao resistente, quando não tratados com o glyphosate. Não foi observada diferença na atividade microbiana do solo entre os tratamentos avaliados.This study aimed to evaluate the resistance Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum) against glyphosate and the impact of the control of these biotypes on soil respiration and microbial biomass. Two essays were conducted: the first evaluated intoxication and dry mass of the plants of biotypes of three Italian ryegrass population (population 1 - resistant; population 2 - intermediary resistance; and population 3 - sensitive to glyphosate) submitted to different glyphosate rates. The second assay evaluated dry matter of the aereal part, plant height, number of leaves and respiration and microbial mass of the soil cultivated with the resistant and sensitive biotypes, with and without glyphosate application (480 g ha-1). At 14 DAA, death of the susceptible biotype was observed, when treated with rates starting from 200 g ha-1 of glyphosate. The resistant ad intermediate resistant biotypes showed glyphosate phytotoxicity of 85% at the highest rate evaluated. The resistant biotype presented the highest dry matter production of the aerial part at 42 DAA and during sprouting, at 72 DAA, compared to the intermediary biotype. The sensitive biotype presented higher plant height, number of leaves and dry mass of the aerial part, to the resistant biotype, without glyphosate. No difference was observed in the microbial activity in the soil among the treatments.

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito dos principais agrotóxicos utilizados em citros sobre Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor), em condições de laboratório, por tratar-se de um fitoseídeo com grande potencialidade para ser utilizado no controle dos ácaros fitófagos na cultura. O método de bioensaio adotado foi o de contato direto e residual. Folhas de citros da variedade Pêra, contendo 25 fêmeas adultas de N. californicus procedentes de uma criação-estoque, foram pulverizadas em torre de Potter. Avaliaram-se a mortalidade do ácaro 72 horas após a aplicação e o efeito dos produtos na viabilidade dos ovos. Quanto à seletividade, conforme proposta da "Organização Internacional para o Controle Biológico e Integrado de Plantas e Animais Nocivos" (IOBC), os produtos foram classificados como: classe 1 inócuo (E99%), clorfenapyr, dicofol e pyridaben. N. californicus mostrou-se tolerante a diversos agrotóxicos, o que viabiliza sua utilização, juntamente com produtos químicos pertencentes a grupamentos distintos e de diferentes mecanismos de ação, o que atende a um manejo adequado de controle dos principais ácaros fitófagos da cultura dos citros.This work was carried out to determine the residual toxicity of the main pesticides used in citrus, on Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) under laboratory conditions. For this, it was used the residual contact bioassay. Citrus leaves of the variety "Pêra" were sprayed in a Potter tower. The residual action was evaluated at 2 hours and 1; 3; 5; 7; 10; 14 e 21 days after treatment. Ten adult females of N. californicus were transferred to each ring, together with an enough amount of Tetranychus urticae nymphs and adults to feed the predator. Mortality evaluations were performed at 72 hours after treatment. Bioassays indicate that the pesticides: acrinathrin, deltamethrin, dinocap, sulphur, fenpropathrin, fenbutatin oxide and propargite were innocuous to N. californicus. On the other hand, abamectin, azocyclotin e cyhexatin caused mortalities of 29.8; 32.0 e 34.1%, respectively, two hours after transference. Dicofol, pyridaben and chlorfenapyr were extremely toxic to the predator mite, causing 100% of mortality two hours after the application. This way, to this population of N. californicus, the releases can be performed safely 3 days after the application, except for cyhexatin (5 days), dicofol and pyridaben (14 days) and chlorfenapyr (21 days), without risk of significant adult mortality rates due to the application of pesticides.

Objetivo. Determinar si el cuestionario de actividad física (CAF) de Laval es reproducible y sensible para detectar diferencias en grupos de mexicanos con peso normal y en obesos. Material y métodos. Estudio efectuado en el Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, entre enero y mayo de 1999, en México, D.F. El CAF se tradujo al castellano y se adaptó a población mexicana. Se midió la reproducibilidad por prueba-reprueba, con cuatro semanas de diferencia (n=30 sujetos con obesidad). Para determinar la sensibilidad del cuestionario se comparó un grupo de jóvenes cadetes (n=18) con otro de jóvenes civiles (n=32). Se utilizó como concordancia el coeficiente de correlación intraclase y se empleó la prueba t de student pareada o para muestras independientes, según fuera necesario. Resultados. El coeficiente de correlación intraclase fue de 0.86. El CAF fue sensible al demostrar diferencias de más de 400 kcal/día (1 674 kJ/día) y más de 4 kcal/kg/día (17 kJ/kg/día) entre jóvenes con actividad física importante (t de Student). Conclusiones. El CAF es un instrumento sensible y reproducible que puede ser utilizado en población mexicana. El texto completo en inglés de este artículo está disponible en: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.htmlObjective. To assess the reproducibility and sensitivity of a physical activity questionnaire (PAQ) developed at Laval University, to detect differences in lean and obese individuals. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Mexico's National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, between January and May 1999. The PAQ was translated into Spanish and adjusted to the Mexican setting. The test-retest method was used to measure reliability, allowing a four-week interval between tests (n=30 overweight subjects). To assess the questionnaire's sensitivity a group of young cadets (n=18) was compared to a group of young civilians (n=32). Concordance was measured through the intraclass correlation coefficient; test-retest was analyzed using the paired or unpaired Student's t test, as necessary. Results. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.86. The PAQ was able to show differences of more than 400 kcal/day (1674 kJ/day) and more than 4 kcal/kg/day (17 kJ/kg/day), among young people with high physical activity (t-test). Conclusions. The PAQ is a sensitive and reliable instrument that can be used in the Mexican population. The English version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html

Comparação entre as duas versões da dedução kantiana dos conceitos puros do entendimento, a da 1ª edição de 1781 e a de 1787. Focam-se aqui principalmente as discrepâncias referentes à dedução objetiva, isto é, aquela encarregada de demonstrar que as categorias são as condições de possibilidade dos objetos de experiênciaThis essay develops a comparison between the two versions of the Kantian deduction of the pure concepts of the understanding as present in the first (1781) and second (1787) editions of KrV. Emphasis is stressed on the discrepancies between the two versions of the objective deduction, that is, the one which demonstrates that the categories are conditions of possibility of the objects of experience.

El que sigue no es un texto prescriptito, aunque a ratos lo parezca; tampoco es terminante, aunque también lo parezca. Es, en todo caso, una reflexión o, para los que no gustan de la terminología que haga referencia al cogito cartesiano, una argumentación sobre un modo de ver las cosas. He preferido llamarlo fenomenología, pero, a decir verdad, pudiera llamarse de cualquier otra manera, como Lupa de Merlín, por ejemplo. Lo importante es que el término o términos escogidos sugieran que lo que está siente y se siente, y que entre eso y nosotros no hay una distancia o un extrañamiento, sino una co-implicación afectiva. Ofrezco entonces tres ejemplos y el tratamiento que doy a esas presencias sensibles ante mí y yo ante ellas. Al final, más que elaborar unas conclusiones que dejen algo en claro sobre todo lo que he dicho, extiendo una invitación a que ensayen un acercamiento similar, a ver si, a diferencia mía, tienen éxito.