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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the seasonality of acute bronchiolitis in Brazil during the 2020–2022 season and compare it with the previous seasons. Methods: Data from the incidence of hospitalizations due to acute bronchiolitis in infants

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the trend of hospitalization for acute bronchiolitis in infants under one year of age, in the past eight years and after the implementation of the palivizumab immunization program in Brazil. Methods: The study is a retrospective analysis of data on infants younger than one year of age, who were hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis between 2008 and 2015 in Brazil. The Brazilian National Health System database was used. The rates of hospitalization in the pre-implementation (2008-2012) and post-implementation (2014-2015) periods of the palivizumab immunization program were evaluated. The total number of admissions in the same period was used as a comparison. Results: Between January 2008 and December 2015, 263,679 hospitalizations for bronchiolitis were recorded in infants younger than one year of age, 60% represented by boys. The incidence of hospitalization for bronchiolitis increased by 49% over this period (8.5 to 12.7 per 1,000 inhabitants per year). Between 2013 and 2014, the incidence rate of hospitalization for acute bronchiolitis decreased by 8% (12.5 to 11.5 per 1,000 inhabitants per year). However, in the second year of the program, hospitalization rate increased again by 10% (12.7 per 1,000 inhabitants per years). Conclusions: Acute bronchiolitis presented increasing rates of hospitalization over the study period. Hospitalization incidence for acute bronchiolitis declined one year after the implementation of palivizumab but increased again in the second year of the program.

Recomendações para a atuação do fisioterapeuta em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica e neonatal são fundamentais, pois esses profissionais são responsáveis pela reabilitação de pacientes graves. A reabilitação inclui desde a avaliação e prevenção de alterações cinético funcionais às intervenções de tratamento (fisioterapia respiratória e/ou motora), controle e aplicação de gases medicinais, cuidados da ventilação pulmonar mecânica invasiva e não invasiva, protocolos de desmame e extubação, insuflação traqueal de gás, protocolo de insuflação/desinsuflação do balonete intratraqueal, aplicação de surfactante, entre outros. Com o objetivo de propiciar a recuperação do doente e seu retorno às atividades funcionais. Nesse contexto, essas recomendações têm o objetivo de orientar os fisioterapeutas sobre algumas intervenções de prevenção/tratamento de fisioterapia respiratória (desobstrução das vias aéreas; reexpansão pulmonar; posicionamento no leito; aspiração das vias aéreas; inaloterapia; tosse assistida), que auxiliam no processo de reabilitação de pacientes pediátricos e neonatais em unidade de terapia intensiva em ventilação pulmonar mecânica e até 12 horas após a extubação.