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Introduction: Aflatoxins B1 are among the most common poisonous mycotoxins produced by certain fungi that harm animals and crops. Mycotoxins can cause a variety of adverse health effects and pose a serious health threat to humans. The Maximum Residue Limits of aflatoxin B1 in processed cereals and ingredients are 2 parts per billion (ppb) and 5 ppb, respectively. Objectives: To evaluate the status of aflatoxin B 1 contamination in rice, corn and staple food produced in Ha Giang province compared with the maximum permitted levels. Methods: A total of 210 rice and maize samples were analyzed to quantify the level of aflatoxin B1. Analysis of mycotoxins was conducted by High Performance Liquid Chromatography using a fluorescence detector. Results: It was found that rice, rice products, maize, and maize products had a mean aflatoxin B1 content of 1.79 ppb, 2.55 ppb, 2.19 ppb, and 6.35 ppb, respectively. The results also showed that 71.9% of samples were contaminated with mycotoxins, and 14.28% of samples exceeded the maximum allowable limit. Conclusion: The concentration of aflatoxin B1 in 14.28% of the samples are over permissible limits by nationwide regulations.

The study is to investigate and analyse the perception of parents in Hòa Phú Commune about education and their guidance toward their children’s career education orientation in the current period. The study is based on ethnographical fieldwork methodology with 29 in-depth interviews across all five hamlets (cluster sampling) and several observation journeys. The authors spent 3 years working at the research site. The child's continuing education depends largely on his or her own wishes. In fact, there is an interaction between the internal factors (parents' wishes, expectations and needs) and external factors (economic, cultural and social circumstances) of the educational orientation of children in rural families. In many cases, there is a gap between what parents think and what they act about their children's education. Local families rationally choose to guide and invest in their children's education. The research shows how contemporary Vietnamese rural residents view and position their children's education, especially the future vocational education.

Introduction: Milk and dairy products are nutritious and can play a significant role in a healthy diet. The safety of milk decreases with increasing concentration of arsenic. The Maximum Residue Limits of arsenic is 500 parts per billion (ppb). Objectives: To evaluate the status of arsenic contamination of milk and dairy products produced and processed in some provinces and cities of Vietnam. Methods: A total of 367 samples were tested. Samples were digested before analysis to remove organic compounds, and the total arsenic content determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results: The average concentrations of total arsenic in liquid milk were 139.32 ppb; in yogurt, 169.81 ppb; in cheese, 221.38 ppb; in milk cake, 232.80 ppb; and in milk powder, 35.43 ppb, respectively. Conclusion: The arsenic concentrations in some samples are higher than the maximum permitted levels according to national regulations.

L’objectif de cet article est de comprendre la place que tiennent en matière de développement touristique les espaces et les paysages périphériques, à la fois dans l’offre touristique et dans la construction de l’identité locale d’une région dont le principal centre attracteur est la ville de Dalat, station touristique reconnue des Hauts Plateaux du Vietnam. Cette étude analyse la manière dont les composantes de ces espaces (éléments physiques, activités et image) contribuent à l’identité de la région de Dalat, à partir de l’étude in situ, des documents officiels, des photographies, des cartes et des entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès de différents acteurs locaux. Les résultats montrent que les espaces périphériques ont occupé et occupent toujours une place importante dans le développement touristique de la ville et dans son image en tant que destination. Mais il n’existe pour le moment pas ou très peu d’interactions entre ces zones périphériques, dont la dépendance absolue au centre bride le dynamisme et les possibilités d’ouverture.

The objective of this article is to understand the place that peripheral spaces and landscapes hold in matters of tourism development, both in the tourist offer and in the construction of the local identity of a region where main center attractor is the city of Dalat, a recognized tourist destination in the Highlands of Vietnam. This study analyzes the way in which the components of these spaces (physical elements, activities and image) contribute to the identity of the Dalat region, based on the in-situ study, official documents, photographs, maps and semi-structured interviews with different local stakeholders. The results show that peripheral spaces have occupied and still occupy an important place in the tourist development of the city and in its image as a destination. But there is for the moment no or very few interactions between these peripheral zones, of which absolute dependence on the center restricts their dynamism and their possibilities of opening.

L’obiettivo di questo articolo è comprendere l’importanza che spazi e paesaggi periferici occupano nel contesto dello sviluppo turistico, sia nell’offerta turistica che nella costruzione dell’identità locale di una regione il cui principale centro attrattore è la città di Dalat, rinomata località turistica nelle Highlands del Vietnam. Questo studio analizza il modo in cui le componenti di questi spazi (elementi fisici, attività e immagine) contribuiscono all’identità della regione di Dalat, basandosi sullo studio in situ, documenti ufficiali, fotografie, mappe e interviste semi-strutturate con diversi attori locali. I risultati mostrano che gli spazi periferici hanno occupato e occupano ancora un posto importante nello sviluppo turistico della città e nella sua immagine di destinazione. Ma per il momento non ci sono o sono pochissime le interazioni tra queste zone periferiche, la cui assoluta dipendenza dal centro limita il dinamismo e le loro possibilità di apertura.