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RESUMEN : La alergia al veneno de himenópteros supone una causa importante de anafilaxia y la inmunoterapia es el único tratamiento capaz de curar esta enfermedad en la mayoría de los pacientes. Esto se logra a través de cambios inmunológicos. En este estudio retrospectivo observacional se analizaron 100 pacientes alérgicos al veneno de himenópteros en tratamiento con inmunoterapia seguidos por el Servicio de Alergología del Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (HUMV). Para ello se realizó una revisión de historias clínicas y pruebas analíticas recogidas entre junio 2006 y marzo 2021. Se analizaron los cambios inmunológicos (niveles de IgE e IgG específicas) producidos por la inmunoterapia específica, y la respuesta clínica frente a picaduras por himenópteros sufridas después de iniciar el tratamiento inmunomodulador. Además, se analizaron las diferencias entre los resultados de inmunoterapia con abeja con los de inmunoterapia con avispa. Aparte, se analizaron de manera descriptiva las características sociodemográficas (como edad, sexo, residencia, profesión y aficiones) de estos pacientes. ABSTRACT : Hymenoptera venom allergy is an important cause of anaphylaxis and venom immunotherapy is the only treatment capable of possibly curing this disease in the majority of affected patients. This is achieved by producing immunological changes. In this retrospective observational study 100 patients with hymenopteran venom allergy receiving immunotherapy and who have their follow-ups at the Allergology Department of the Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (HUMV) were analyzed. To achieve this, the clinical records, and analytical results of these patients, obtained between June 2006 and March 2021, were reviewed. This study analyzed the immunological changes (specific IgE and IgG levels) brought on by specific venom immunotherapy as well as the clinical responses to hymenopteran stings suffered after starting the immunomodulatory treatment. Moreover, the results of bee immunotherapy and wasp immunotherapy were compared. Furthermore, there was a descriptive analysis of the sociodemographic characteristics (like age, gender, residence, profession, and hobbies) of these patients. Grado en Medicina

OBJECTIVES: 1. To asses the tolerance, efficacy and long-term effect of venom immunotherapy (VIT) and to monitor in vivo and in vitro changes after 5 years of treatment and subsequent follow-up. 2. To study the influence of VIT on specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) to individual allergens before and after three years of treatment. METHODS A total of 606 patients allergic to hymenoptera venom (467 to bee, 139 to wasp) were studied. All of them received VIT (Apis or Vespula. Two patients received an extract of Polistes dominulus). Cutaneous tests (ID) and sIgE were performed in all patients and in 35 of them, sIgE to main individual hymenoptera allergens (Api m 1, Api m 2, Ves v 1, Pol d 1, Ve v 2, Ves v 5 and Pol d 5) was measured before and after 3 years of treatment. RESULTS: The treatment was completed in 462 patients. During/after treatment 141/73 patients sensitized to Apis and 53/25 to Vespula suffered spontaneous re-stings. The 95,7% patients sensitized to Apis and 100% sensitized to Vespula suffered a local reaction or no-reaction. At the end of treatment, the cutaneous response (ID) and sIgE level to whole venom extract decreased significantly. Reductions in sIgE to main allergens were also observed after 3 years of treatment (Api m1: p