30 results on '"cognitive disorders"'
Search Results
2. Is Alzhezimer’s disease a New Type Diabetes? Crosstalk between two serious disorders: review
- Author
-
Maciej Dobosz, Gracjan Rudziński, Zuzanna Chilimoniuk, Piotr Więsyk, Natalia Kusak, and Aleksandra Chałupnik
- Subjects
Diabetes ,Alzheimer's disease ,oxidative stress ,metabolic disorders ,cognitive disorders ,dementia ,Education ,Sports ,GV557-1198.995 ,Medicine - Abstract
Introduction and purpose: More and more reports suggest that diabetes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Understanding this link may provide a new approach to modulating the onset and progression of sporadic AD cases. The aim of the study is to present the current state of knowledge on the basic mechanisms and factors influencing the development of AD in patients with type 2 diabetes in the context of clinical practice. State of knowledge: It is estimated that up to 80% of Alzheimer's patients have glucose intolerance or diabetes. Impaired insulin signaling can lead to abnormal processing and accumulation of beta-amyloid protein, which can result in memory deficits and cognitive decline. Insulin deficiency can also cause over-activity of the GSK3 enzyme, leading to tau hyperphosphorylation and senile plaque accumulation. Diabetes can also cause fibrotic changes in cerebral vessels, disrupting brain metabolism and potentially leading to hippocampus atrophy. The release of cytokines during the metabolic syndrome can also cause oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which may contribute to neuronal atrophy. It has been reported that healthy diet, physical exercises and prevention of metabolic diseases may reduce the incidence of AD. Conclusions: Epidemiological data and pathophysiological studies indicate a significant relationship between these diseases that AD is sometimes called Type 3 diabetes. Early detection of hyperglycemia and its proper management, may be crucial in the context of the clinical prevention of dementia diseases. It is essential to pay attention to the cognitive abilities of patients with metabolic diseases.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Model of personalized non-pharmacological program of cognitive disorder correction in patients with epilepsy and the assessment of its efficacy
- Author
-
I. Blazhyna
- Subjects
epilepsy ,cognitive training ,computerized training ,cognitive disorders ,Education ,Sports ,GV557-1198.995 ,Medicine - Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction shows higher incidence in people, suffering from epilepsy, than in general population and most likely they are related to common patho-biological processes. The use of medication in patients with epilepsy for treating cognitive functions is limited due to the potential risk of more frequent seizures. Therefore, non-pharmacological methods of cognitive correction are becoming especially important for this category of patients.Aim. The aim of the research is to study the specifics of non-dementia cognitive disorders in patients with epilepsy and to develop a set of activities for their prevention and non-pharmacological correction.Materials and methods. The study included 146 patients (61 women and 85 men), their average age was 40,73. We applied clinical anamnestic, sociodemographic, clinical-psychopathological, psycho-diagnostic and statistical research methods. The following psycho-diagnostic techniques were used: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Munsterberg test, MiniMult test, Hamilton depression and anxiety rating scales (HRDS, HARS) and the quality of life scale. 63 patients completed a 3-month computerized online cognitive training with daily sessions, out of which 33 patients also participated in psychoeducational activities.Results. The findings of studying patients with epilepsy using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) showed low levels of all parameters while the total score in the patients with epilepsy with cognitive non-dementia disorders was 20,72 versus27,36 in healthy persons; the analysis of HRDS, HARS showed high anxiety and depression symptoms levels, lower quality of life level was also observed, the average indicator was 69,45, whereas in the control group the level of life quality was 78,60. There was marked adherence to cognitive training in the patients with epilepsy compared to the healthy group.Conclusion. Reliable improvement of cognitive functioning was found in the patients under consideration after 3 months of the training. The computerized cognitive functions training in current conditions showed its benefits owing to the opportunity to complete it online. It may be advised to be introduced as a part of the social rehabilitation system for patients with epilepsy, who have cognitive non-dementia disorders.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Desordenes informativos: sobreexpuestos e infrainformados en la era de la posverdad
- Author
-
Del-Fresno-García, Miguel
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Features of physical rehabilitation of the persons after a postered traumatic brain injury
- Author
-
Volodymyr Golyk
- Subjects
physical rehabilitation ,traumatic brain injury ,cognitive disorders ,functional abilities ,Education ,Sports ,GV557-1198.995 ,Medicine - Abstract
The importance of studying the effects of traumatic brain injury is due to the fact that TBI is mainly noted in persons young and middle age, that is, the most active in the social and labor proportion of the population. The importance of studying this nosology determines high lethality, prolonged incapacity, as well as a variety of clinical manifestations. Purpose: Based on the study of the current state of the problem of recovery of patients with traumatic brain injury, to determine the features of physical rehabilitation of this category of persons. Methods of research: analysis, synthesis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature concerning the issue of restoration of functional capabilities of persons with traumatic brain injury. Results. Persons suffering from traumatic brain injury undergo physical, psychological, emotional and behavioral changes that require bio-psycho-social interception of rehabilitation interventions. The process of physical rehabilitation is aimed at increasing the tolerance to physical activity, improving vestibular oculomotor functions, level of balance and postural control, reducing the manifestations of cognitive impairment, which in turn will increase the activity of everyday life of patients. Conclusions. Physical rehabilitation of individuals allows to effectively realize and increase the functional potential of patients after a traumatic brain injury, using adequate means and methods in the process of recovery, and the main purpose of rehabilitation is to return the patient to work and social activity.
- Published
- 2017
6. Caracterización clínica de pacientes con deterioro cognitivo
- Author
-
Nelson Gómez Viera, Beatríz María Bonnin Rodríguez, Marisel T. Gómez de Molina Iglesias, Belkis Yánez Fernández, and Arnaldo González Zaldívar
- Subjects
ESPERANZA DE VIDA ,CALIDAD DE VIDA ,ANCIANO ,FACTORES DE RIESGO ,DEMENCIA ,TRASTORNOS COGNITIVOS ,ENFERMEDAD DE ALZHEIMER ,EXPECTANCY ,QUALITY OF LIFE ,AGED ,RISK FACTORS ,DEMENTIA ,COGNITIVE DISORDERS ,ALZHEIMER DISEASE ,Medicine - Abstract
Se sabe que el incremento en la expectativa de vida de la población ha originado aumento en la frecuencia de enfermedades que aparecen en edades avanzadas, es importante investigar el deterioro cognitivo porque afecta la calidad de vida de los pacientes y genera elevados costos para la familia y la sociedad. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo, desde el 1ero. de febrero de 1998 al 28 de febrero de 1999, en el cual se aplicó el Minimental State de Folstein a 286 personas mayores de 65 años de edad, pertenecientes a 3 consultorios del Policlínico "Primero de Enero" en el municipio Playa de Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba, para determinar la frecuencia del deterioro cognitivo y algunas características clínicas de los pacientes afectados. Se halló una frecuencia de deterioro cognitivo de 9,4 %, y el mayor porcentaje de pacientes correspondió al grupo etáreo de 85 a 89 años (33,3 %), la afectación fue más frecuente en el sexo femenino (70,3 %) y predominó el nivel de escolaridad primario (66,6 %). El hábito de fumar (29,6 %) y la hipertensión arterial (25,9 %) fueron los factores de riesgo fundamentales detectados. La memoria fue la función cognitiva más afectada, el 63,0 % de los enfermos tuvieron un grado leve de deterioro cognitivo y ligero, de incapacidad funcional.It is known that the rise of life expectancy of the population has caused an increase in the frequency of diseases appearing at advanced ages. It is important to investigate the cognitive deterioration, since it affects the quality of life of patients and generates high costs for the family and the society. A descriptive prospective study was conducted from February 1st, 1998, to February 28th, 1999. Folstein’s Minimental State was applied to 286 subjects over 65 from 3 family physician’s offices of the "Primero de Enero" Polyclinic, in Playa municipality, Havana City, to determine the frequency of cognitive deterioration and some clinical characteristics of the affected patients. It was found a frequency of cognitive deterioration of 9.4 %. The highest percentage of patients were from the age group 85-89 (33.3 %). Females were the most affected (70.3 %) and it was observed a predominance of primary educational level (66.6 %) among the patients. Smoking (29.6 %) and arterial hypertension (25.9 %) were the fundamental risk factors. Memory was the most affected cognitive function. 63.0 %of the patients had a mild degree of cognitive deterioration and a slight degree of functional disability.
- Published
- 2003
7. Impacto del dolor crónico en trastornos cognitivos y emocionales : mecanismos implicados y perspectivas terapéuticas
- Author
-
Valiente Borox, Carlos, Tramullas Fernández, Mónica, and Universidad de Cantabria
- Subjects
Trastornos emocionales ,Depression ,Depresión ,Enfermedad de Alzheimer ,Comorbidity ,Chronic Pain ,Dolor crónico ,Comorbilidad ,Trastornos cognitivos ,Alzheimer’s disease ,Cognitive Disorders ,Emotional Disorders - Abstract
RESUMEN : El dolor crónico es una de las principales causas de morbilidad en el mundo en la actualidad. Los pacientes con dolor crónico demandan atención sanitaria por síntomas físicos y psicológicos, siendo cada vez más frecuente la morbilidad ocasionada por la gravedad de los síntomas psíquicos. Aumenta cada vez más el número de personas con dolor crónico que son diagnosticadas de trastornos emocionales y cognitivos, como la depresión o la enfermedad de Alzheimer, respectivamente. Conocer los cambios neuroanatómicos y los mecanismos moleculares que se presentan en la comorbilidad de dolor crónico y patologías neuropsiquiátricas puede ayudar a mejorar el manejo terapéutico de estos pacientes. Además, muchos de los tratamientos que se utilizan actualmente para patologías neuropsiquiátricas se emplean también para paliar el dolor crónico debido a que ambos tipos de patologías comparten ciertos mecanismos fisiopatológicos. El estudio especializado acerca de la fisiopatología de esta comorbilidad puede ayudar a identificar nuevas dianas terapéuticas y, por tanto, nuevas alternativas farmacológicas que podrían e ntrar en estudios de investigación con el fin de mejorar el tratamiento de estos pacientes en un futuro. ABSTRACT : Chronic pain is one of the leading causes of morbidity in the world nowadays. Patients with chronic pain demand health care due to physical and psychological symptoms since morbidity caused by the severity of psychic symptoms is increasing during the last years. Most people with chronic pain are also diagnosed with emotional and cognitive disorders, such as Depression or Alzheimer's disease, respectively. Understanding the neuroanatomical changes and the molecular mechanisms that occur in the comorbidity of chronic pain and neuropsychiatric pathologies might help in the therapeutic management of these patients. In addition, most of the treatments that are currently used for neuropsychiatric pathologies are also used to reduce chronic pain due to both types of pathologies share similar pathophysiological mechanisms. To study in detail the pathophysiology of this comorbidity might allow expanding further research on novel therapeutic targets and, to develop new pharmacological alternatives to improve the treatment of these patients in the future. Grado en Medicina
- Published
- 2021
8. Sistema de inteligencia de negocio. Entorno para paciente con trastornos cognitivos
- Author
-
Sánchez Izquierdo, Estibaliz, Prados Carrasco, Ferran, and Amorós Alcaraz, David
- Subjects
Artificial intelligence -- TFM ,inteligencia empresarial ,Intel·ligència artificial -- TFM ,Pentaho ,cognitive disorders ,trastorns cognitius ,Inteligencia artificial -- TFM ,intel·ligència empresarial ,business intelligence ,trastornos cognitivos - Abstract
Este Trabajo de Fin de Máster se enmarca dentro de un proyecto que intenta desarrollar terapias que permitan entender y controlar enfermedades relacionadas con los trastornos cognitivos. Para ello, se ha hecho un estudio sobre veinte pacientes afectados por este tipo de enfermedades. Este estudio intenta relacionar los estados de ánimo y las actividades realizadas con la aparición de crisis agudas o empeoramientos temporales de los síntomas asociados a estas enfermedades. Poder extraer conclusiones sobre esta relación podría ayudar en la mejora de las condiciones de vida de enfermos con estos trastornos y, para ello, lo que se propone en este proyecto es el desarrollo de una herramienta de Business Intelligence. Para la definición de los requisitos funcionales se han proporcionado una serie de preguntas a las que la herramienta desarrollada tiene que dar respuesta. Con los requisitos funcionales definidos desde un comienzo, se define la estrategia tradicional de gestión de proyectos del PMBOK como método de desarrollo de la herramienta. Asimismo, el resultado obtenido ha sido un panel de cuadros de mando donde se visualizan diferentes elementos que dan respuesta a las preguntas propuestas y que cargan los datos desde un almacén de datos implementado en MySQL. Para la carga del almacén de datos se han implementado procesos ETL mediante el framework Pentaho Data Integration. This Master's Thesis is part of a project that intends to develop therapies that allow understanding and controlling diseases related to cognitive disorders. For this, a study has been conducted on twenty patients affected by these types of diseases. This study tries to relate the moods and activities carried out with the appearance of acute attacks or temporary worsening of the symptoms associated with these diseases. Being able to infer conclusions about this relationship could help improve the living conditions of patients with these disorders and, for this purpose, the development of a Business Intelligence tool has been proposed in this project. For the definition of the functional requirements, a series of questions have been posed, which the developed tool must answer. The traditional PMBOK project management strategy has been chosen as the tool's development method because the functional requirements are known from the beginning. Likewise, the result obtained has been a dashboard panel where different elements are displayed that answer the proposed questions and that load the data from a data warehouse implemented in MySQL. To load the data warehouse, ETL processes have been implemented using the Pentaho Data Integration framework. This project is a solid starting point in the field of Business Intelligence systems. Aquest Treball de Fi de Màster s'emmarca dins d'un projecte que intenta desenvolupar teràpies que permetin entendre i controlar malalties relacionades amb els trastorns cognitius. Per a això, s'ha fet un estudi sobre vint pacients afectats per aquest tipus de malalties. Aquest estudi intenta relacionar els estats d'ànim i les activitats realitzades amb l'aparició de crisis agudes o empitjoraments temporals dels símptomes associats a aquestes malalties. Poder extreure conclusions sobre aquesta relació podria ajudar en la millora de les condicions de vida de malalts amb aquests trastorns i, per això, el que es proposa en aquest projecte és el desenvolupament d'una eina de Business Intelligence. Per a la definició dels requisits funcionals s'han proporcionat una sèrie de preguntes a les que l'eina desenvolupada ha de donar resposta. Amb els requisits funcionals definits des d'un començament, es defineix l'estratègia tradicional de gestió de projectes de l'PMBOK com a mètode de desenvolupament de l'eina. Així mateix, el resultat obtingut ha estat un panell de quadres de comandament on es visualitzen diferents elements que donen resposta a les preguntes proposades i que carreguen les dades des d'un magatzem de dades implementat en MySQL. Per a la càrrega de l'magatzem de dades s'han implementat processos ETL mitjançant el framework Pentaho Data Integration.
- Published
- 2021
9. Cognitive deficit and depressive symptoms in a community group of elderly people: a preliminary study
- Author
-
Claudia Silberman, Carolina Souza, Fábio Wilhems, Leticia Kipper, Vivian Wu, Cesar Diogo, Marcelo Schmitz, Airton Stein, and Márcia Chaves
- Subjects
Depressão ,Transtornos cognitivos ,Idoso ,Depression ,Cognitive disorders ,Aged ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Since the number and proportion of old people increases worldwide, health professionals and systems should be made aware and prepared to deal with their problems. Cognitive deficit and symptoms of depression are commom among the elderly, and may occur in relation to various risk factors such as health conditions and psychosocial variables. In order to study cognitive deficit and the presence of signs and symptoms of depression, 62 elderly community subjects enrolled at a Community Health Unit in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, were interviewed. They were evaluated by means of the Mini Mental State Exam, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression rating scale, and a questionnaire on health conditions, living arrangements and social variables. Higher levels of symptoms of depression were observed among subjects exposed to major risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases (diabetes and coronary disease), while impaired cognitive performance was seen among individuals who could not count on the presence of a confidant (social network variable). The results suggest that the early identification of major risk groups among old people can help to prevent institutionalization and keep individuals in the community.Com o objetivo de avaliar déficit cognitivo e presença de sinais e sintomas depressivos, 62 idosos registrados numa Unidade de Saúde Comunitária em Porto Alegre/RS foram entrevistados em suas casas. Foram avaliados pelo Mini Exame do Estado Mental (Mini Mental State), pela escala de Montgomery-Asberg, e por um questionário sobre condições de saúde, moradia e outras variáveis de vínculos sociais. Níveis mais altos de sintomas depressivos foram observados entre os idosos expostos a fatores de risco maiores para doença cérebro-vascular (diabete e doença coronariana), enquanto que pior desempenho cognitivo foi encontrado nos sujeitos que não contavam com um confidente (variável da rede social). Os resultados sugeriram que a identificação precoce dos grupos idosos de risco pode auxiliar na prevenção de problemas sociais e de saúde, mantendo os indivíduos na comunidade.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Farmacodependencia y alteraciones cognitivas en población consumidora de sustancias psicoactivas
- Author
-
acuña Díaz, Laura sofia, Alvarez Santamaría, Karely, Llerena Otalvaro, Mauricio, and Larios, Jimmy
- Subjects
Drug dependence ,Cognitive disorders ,Drugs ,Addition ,Sociodemographic variables ,Psychoactive substances - Abstract
Objetivo: relación existente entre consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y trastornos cognitivos Método: Investigación se basara en consultas en bases de datos de la universidad, recolectar información por medio de los artículos relacionados con la problemática ya planteada. Introducción: La relación existente entre la farmacodependencia y alteraciones cognitivas en la población que consume sustancias psicoactivas merecen un componente de estudio más allá de lo que nuestra percepción como miembros del campo de la salud nos los brinda por lo que es necesario analizar, comparar, y sacar conclusiones de los factores de riesgo, características sociodemográficas que contribuyan a la existencia de estas problemática por medio de una revisión sistemática y detallada en las diversas bases de datos que la universidad nos brinda, recolectar la información Conceptualización: el consumo de drogas afecta de una manera u otra, tarde o temprano, al funcionamiento del cerebro. Además, siempre lo hace de manera negativa. El consumo abusivo de drogas puede generar alteraciones morfológicas en la estructura del cerebro. Estas alteraciones morfológicas tienen efectos como la pérdida de volumen cerebral, reducciones del porcentaje de materia gris, reducciones del volumen del fluido cerebroespinal ventricular, ensanchamientos del espacio peri cortical y de ambos ventrículos laterales, disminución del tamaño de las neuronas, muerte neuronal, atrofia cerebral. Objective: existing relationship between psychoactive substance use and cognitive disorders Method: Research based on queries in university databases, gathering information through articles related to the problem and raised. Introduction: The relationship between drug dependence and cognitive disorders in the population that consumes psychoactive substances deserves a study component beyond what our perception as members of the health field provides us with, so it is necessary to analyze, compare, and draw conclusions from risk factors, sociodemographic characteristics that contribute to the existence of these problems by means of a systematic and detailed review in the various databases that the university offers us, collecting information Conceptualization: Drug use affects the functioning of the brain in one way or another, eventually. In addition, he always does it negatively. Drug abuse can generate morphological changes in the structure of the brain. These morphological alterations have effects such as loss of brain volume, reductions in the percentage of gray matter, reductions in the volume of the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid, widening of the peri-cortical space and of both lateral ventricles, decrease in the size of neurons, neuronal death, cerebral atrophy
- Published
- 2020
11. DEPRESION Y DETERIORO COGNITIVO. ESTUDIO BASADO EN LA POBLACION MAYOR DE 65 AÑOS Depression and cognitive disorders. A study based in a population older than 65 years
- Author
-
Ysis Yvonne Sánchez Gil, Ana Margarita López Medina, Marina Calvo Rodríguez, Lisseth Noriega Fernández, and Jorge López Valdés
- Subjects
Prevalencia ,Demencia ,Trastornos cognitivos ,Depresión. ,Prevalence ,Dementia ,Cognitive Disorders ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Durante el Estudio 10/66 "Prevalencia y factores de riesgo del Síndrome Demencial y la Enfermedad de Alzheimer "en el Policlínico Ana Betancourt del Municipio Playa en Ciudad de La Habana, se realizó una investigación basada en la población que incluyó una muestra comunitaria de 307 adultos, mayores de 65 años, seleccionados por muestreo intencional, con el objetivo de estimar la prevalencia del deterioro cognitivo y de depresión. Se aplicaron los criterios del DSM IV, del NINCDS y de la ADRDA mediante el algoritmo diagnostico 10/66, y se obtuvo como resultado una prevalencia baja de Trastorno Cognitivo Mínimo y de depresión Mayor y alta del Síndrome Demencial en la población estudiada.During the 10/66 Study " Prevalence and risk factors of Dementia Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease" in the policlinic Ana Betancourt of Playa Municipality, Havana city; we conducted a study based in the population which included 307 persons older than 65 years, selected by intentional randomized sampling; with the aim to estimate the prevalence of cognitive disorders and depression. The DSM IV, NINCDS, and ADRDA criteria were applied by the diagnostic algorithm 10/66, having, as a result, a low prevalence of minimal cognitive deterioration and Major Depression and High prevalence of demential Syndrome.
- Published
- 2009
12. Desarrollo de una aplicación para evaluar y detectar el deterioro cognitivo
- Author
-
Badenes Tur, Héctor
- Subjects
Encuesta ,Psicología ,Cognitive disorders ,Android ,Grado en Ingeniería Informática-Grau en Enginyeria Informàtica ,Psychology ,Deterioro Cognitivo ,PHP ,MATEMATICA APLICADA ,ACE - Abstract
[ES] CorApp (Cognitive Rate App) es una aplicación de evaluación y recogida de datos destinada a ayudar a los equipos dedicados a la investigación clínica, concretamente en el ámbito de la detección del deterioro cognitivo. Esta evaluación se llevará a cabo mediante dos métodos: la utilización de cuestionarios, que se utilizarán para realizar un seguimiento físico y psicológico de los pacientes, y la realización de una prueba especializada, el ACE-III. El ACE-III es una herramienta de detección cognitiva recomendada para uso de profesionales de la salud e investigadores en pacientes mayores de 50 años con sospecha de demencia. La propuesta consiste en el desarrollo de una aplicación Android para la recolección de datos sobre los pacientes que están siendo estudiados mediante las herramientas mencionadas. La aplicación se encuentra principalmente orientada a profesionales de la salud, tanto psicólogos como enfermeros, que se encargarán de interpretar los datos obtenidos, aunque también podrán utilizarla los pacientes que podrán contestar a los cuestionarios desde sus casas, evitando así la necesidad de desplazarse al centro médico para ser evaluados. La aplicación debe ser capaz de dar de alta pacientes en el sistema; crear, evaluar y almacenar los resultados de los cuestionarios; y realizar la evaluación del ACE-III. También ha de ser capaz de medir los tiempos de cada prueba realizada, funcionar en modo offline y compartir los datos a un medio donde resulten más manejables sin la necesidad de usar esta herramienta. Para realizar el correcto manejo de los datos será necesario el desarrollo de un servicio web que almacene los datos recogidos y sincronice los dispositivos, este será desarrollado con el lenguaje PHP y utilizará una base de datos MySQL. La aplicación se desarrollará para el sistema operativo Android 5.0 mediante el uso del IDE oficial, Android Studio., [EN] CorApp (Cognitive Rate App) is an evaluation and data collection application to help teams dedicated to clinical research, specifically in the field of detection of cognitive disorders. This evaluation will be carried out through two methods: the use of questionnaires, which will be used to perform a physical and psychological follow-up of patients, and the performance of a specialized test, ACE-III. The ACE-III is a cognitive detection tool recommended for use by health professionals and researchers in patients over 50 years of age with suspected dementia. The proposal consists of the development of an Android application for the collection of data on the patients that are being studied using the tools mentioned. The application is mainly aimed at health professionals, both psychologists and nurses, who will be responsible for interpreting the data obtained, but also can be used by patients who can answer the questionnaires from their homes, avoiding the need to travel to the center Physician to be evaluated. The application must be capable of discharging patients into the system; Create, evaluate and store the results of the questionnaires; And carry out the evaluation of ACE-III. It must also be able to measure the times of each test performed, operate offline and share the data to a medium where they are more manageable without the need to use this tool. To perform the correct management of the data will require the development of a web service that stores the collected data and synchronize the devices, this will be developed with the PHP language and will use a MySQL database. The application will be developed for the Android 5.0 operating system by using the official IDE, Android Studio.
- Published
- 2017
13. Características Neuropsicológicas y bases biológicas y conceptuales del Trastorno Afectivo Bipolar
- Author
-
Escudero-Corrales, Carolina and Ríos-Flórez, Jorge Alexander
- Subjects
craze ,bipolar affective disorder ,eutimia ,depression ,cognitive disorders ,depresión ,alteraciones cognitivas ,neuropsycholog ,rehabilitación ,trastorno afectivo bipolar ,neuropsicología ,manía ,rehabilitation - Abstract
Los trastornos afectivos, y en particular el trastorno afectivo bipolar, se han constituido como un tema de alto interés en los campos clínico e investigativo de la salud; no obstante, en la actualidad son pocos los estudios encaminados al abordaje de sus alteraciones neuropsicológicas, aun cuando se perciban como uno de los síntomas más persistentes y notorios en el paciente. Dentro de las investigaciones centradas en el estudio de dichos componentes cognitivos, se constatan divergencias y similitudes asociadas a la etiología, fases clínicas, estudios comparativos, sintomatología e intervención por tratamiento farmacológico y/o rehabilitación neuropsicológica. Además, se hace especial énfasis en las alteraciones neurocognitivas preponderantes, como déficits a nivel de memoria,atención, funciones ejecutivas, psicomotricidad y otras menos abordadas como lenguaje, reconocimiento emocional y teoría de la mente. Partiendo de lo anterior, el presente artículo pretende realizar una compilación teórica de la literatura reportada hasta la fecha respecto a la neuropsicología del trastorno de bipolaridad, así como un análisis conciso de sus repercusiones en el comportamiento delindividuo. The affective disorders, especially the bipolar affective disorder, have been established as a topic of high interest in the clinical and research fields of health; however, at present there are few studies aimedat addressing neuropsychological alterations even when it are one of the most persistent and noticeable symptoms in the patient. Within the research focused on the study of these cognitive components, differences and similarities related to the etiology, clinical phases, comparative studies, symptoms and intervention by pharmacological treatment and/or neuropsychological rehabilitation. In addition, the prevailing emphasis on neurocognitive disorders such as deficits at the level of memory, attention, executive functions, motor skills and other less addressed as language, emotional recognition and theory of mind. Based on the above, this article tries to make a compilation of theoretical literature reported to date about the neuropsychology of bipolardisorder as well as a concise analysis of its impact on the individual’sbehavior.
- Published
- 2017
14. Incidencia de disfunción cognitiva postoperatoria en anestesia regional y general en una institución de cuarto nivel en Bucaramanga
- Author
-
Contreras Forero, Francisco Javier, Chona Vásquez, Jorge Enrique, and Meléndez Flórez, Héctor Julio
- Subjects
Complications ,Cognitive disorders ,Medicina ,Postoperative cognitive deficit ,Investigaciones ,Investigations ,Déficit cognitivo postoperatorio ,Complicaciones ,Anestesia ,Efectos colaterales ,Cognitive dysfunction ,Anesthesiology ,Análisis ,Poblaciones de riesgo ,Anestésicos ,Medicine ,Anesthesia ,Disfunción cognitiva ,Anestesiología ,Side effects ,Trastornos cognitivos ,Risk populations ,Analysis ,Anesthetics - Abstract
El déficit cognitivo postoperatorio(DCPOP) definido como disminución de la función cognitiva después de la cirugía y la anestesia teniendo en cuenta el estado previo del paciente, depende de las características de la población y se ha relacionado con las técnicas anestésicas ya sea general balanceada o regional con sedación, basado en diversas teorías que evidencian alteración de neurotransmisores y desencadenamiento de cascadas de apoptosis; con mayor presentación en poblaciones de riesgo, como lo son la población adulta, de baja escolaridad y sometida a múltiples intervenciones, generando en nuestro medio aumento en los costos por atención tanto intra-hospitalaria como ambulatoria; por lo tanto es fundamental establecer que técnicas predisponen a un aumento de estas comorbilidades en nuestro medio y de esta manera anticiparse a las mismas, disminuyendo complicaciones y costos en la atención en salud de nuestras instituciones. Con el presente estudio se estableció la incidencia de déficit cognitivo POP en población mayor de 55 años, sometidos a cirugía bajo anestesia, en FOSCAL-FOSCAL internacional, mediante la aplicación del test Minimental State Examination (MMSE), realizando una primera medición previo a la cirugía programada, una segunda medición a los 7 días y una tercera a los 3 meses posterior al procedimiento quirúrgico. Se realizara un estudio observacional prospectivo de incidencia en una cohorte, los datos posteriormente serán analizados por el grupo de epidemiologia UNAB-FOSCAL. Mediante la realización de este proyecto y posterior publicación, se buscará suministrar herramientas al anestesiólogo para determinar qué situaciones aumentan la comorbilidad de los pacientes y así disminuir las complicaciones prevenibles, y mejorar la calidad de la atención en las instituciones de salud de Santander y Colombia. 1. RESUMEN DEL PROYECO 7 2. DESCRIPCION DEL PROYECTO 8 2.1 Planteamiento del problema 2.2 Pregunta de investigación 2.3 Hipótesis investigativa 2.4 Justificación 2.5 Palabras clave 3. OBJETIVOS 11 3.1 Objetivo general 3.2 Objetivos específicos 4. MARCO TEÓRICO 12 4.1 Definición 4.2 Fisiopatología 4.2.1 Factores inmunológicos y hormonales 4.2.2 Factores de riesgo asociados 4.2.3 Relación entre déficit cognitivo y tipo de anestesia 4.3 Prevención de DCPOP y monitoria en anestesia 4.4 Diagnostico 5. METODOLOGIA 21 5.1 Tipo y diseño general del estudio 5.2 Lugar donde se realizó la investigación 5.3 Población objetivo 5.4 Selección y tamaño de la Muestra 5.5 Criterios de inclusión y excusión 6. RECOLECCIÓN DE LA INFORMACIÓN 22 6.1 Definición de variables 7. CONSIDERACIONES ÉTICAS 31 8. RECURSOS 34 9. PLAN DE DIVULGACION DE DATOS 35 10. RESULTADOS 36 11. DISCUSION 49 12. CONCLUSIONES 53 13. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS 54 14. ANEXOS 60 Especialización Postoperative cognitive deficit (DCPOP), defined as a decrease in cognitive function after surgery and anesthesia, taking into account the previous state of the patient, depends on the characteristics of the population and has been related to anesthetic techniques, whether balanced or general. regional with sedation, based on various theories that show alteration of neurotransmitters and triggering of apoptosis cascades; with greater presentation in risk populations, such as the adult population, with low education and subjected to multiple interventions, generating in our environment an increase in costs for both intra-hospital and outpatient care; therefore, it is essential to establish which techniques predispose to an increase in these comorbidities in our environment and thus anticipate them, reducing complications and costs in health care in our institutions. With the present study, the incidence of POP cognitive deficit in a population over 55 years of age who underwent surgery under anesthesia was established in FOSCAL-FOSCAL international, by applying the Minimental State Examination (MMSE) test, making a first measurement prior to the scheduled surgery, a second measurement at 7 days and a third at 3 months after the surgical procedure. A prospective observational study of incidence will be carried out in a cohort, the data will later be analyzed by the epidemiology group UNAB-FOSCAL. By carrying out this project and subsequent publication, it will seek to provide tools to the anesthesiologist to determine which situations increase the comorbidity of patients and thus reduce preventable complications, and improve the quality of care in the health institutions of Santander and Colombia.
- Published
- 2017
15. Prevalencia de silla turca vacía en una población colombiana y su asociación con alteraciones cognitivas y envejecimiento
- Author
-
Cano Riaño, Hernán Darío, Lubinus Badillo, Federico Guillermo, Wandurraga Sánchez, Edwin Antonio, and Ochoa, Miguel Enrique
- Subjects
Aging ,Cognitive disorders ,Medicina ,Radiología ,Radiografías ,Empty sella syndrome ,Envejecimiento ,Investigaciones ,Diagnostic images ,Diagnóstico por imagen ,Investigations ,Alteraciones cognitivas ,La silla turca vacía ,The empty sella turcica ,Análisis ,X-rays ,Medicine ,Diagnostic imaging ,Radiology ,Imágenes diagnósticas ,Analysis ,Síndrome de silla turca vacía - Abstract
La silla turca vacía (STV) es una condición anatómica caracterizada por la herniación intraselar del espacio subaracnoideo supraselar, que resulta frecuentemente en un aplastamiento parcial o completo de la glándula hipófisis por el líquido cefalorraquídeo. En Colombia no se reportan publicaciones acerca de la estimación de las tasas de prevalencia de Silla turca vacía (STV), con lo cual el siguiente estudio estimó estos datos epidemiológicos en el área metropolitana de Bucaramanga de pacientes que se realizaron (resonancia magnética nuclear cerebral) así como también determió la asociación del hallazgo de STV con el número de embarazos, alteraciones cognitivas y envejecimiento establecidas estas últimas dos mediante unas pruebas validadas para el país. Dichas asociaciones no se han dilucidado aún y hasta esta fecha en nuestro conocimiento como investigadores no existe literatura publicada al respecto. RESUMEN DEL PROYECTO……..….11 1. DESCRIPCIÓN DEL PROYECTO……..….14 1.1 Planteamiento De La Pregunta O Problema De Investigación Y Su Justificación En Términos De Necesidades Y Pertinencia:……....14 1.2 Marco Teórico …………….15 1.3 OBJETIVOS…………18 1.3.1 Objetivo General…………18 1.3.2 Objetivos específicos…….….18 1.4 METODOLOGÍA………………19 1.4.1 Tipo De Estudio:………….19 1.4.2 Población:……………………20 1.4.3 Tamaño de la muestra………….20 1.4.4 Criterios De Inclusión:…….…....21 1.4.5 Criterios De Exclusión:…………..21 1.4.6 Definición De Variables………….21 1.4.7 Definicion de caso………….……….22 1.4.7.1 Definicion de control…….………..22 1.5 Procedimientos…………….24 1.5.1 Valoracion radiologica…….…..24 1.5.2 Definicion de criterios de silla turca vacía por RMN…………24 1.6 Instrumentos……….…..25 1.7 Procesamiento de información y análisis estadísticos……………26 1.8 Consideraciones Éticas……….27 1.9 Cronograma de actividades…………...29 2. RESULTADOS………………30 2.1 Resultados, productos esperados y potenciales beneficiarios….……..…..40 3. DISCUSIÓN……………..41 BIBLIOGRAFIA……………….49 Anexos…………………...……55 Especialización Empty sella turcica (VTS) is an anatomical condition characterized by intrasellar herniation of the suprasellar subarachnoid space, frequently resulting in partial or complete crushing of the pituitary gland by cerebrospinal fluid. In Colombia, no publications are reported about the estimation of the prevalence rates of empty Turkish saddle (STV), with which the following study estimated these epidemiological data in the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga of patients who underwent (brain nuclear magnetic resonance) as well as it also determined the association of the finding of STV with the number of pregnancies, cognitive alterations and aging established the latter two through validated tests for the country. These associations have not yet been elucidated and to our knowledge as researchers there is no published literature on the matter to date.
- Published
- 2017
16. Análisis descriptivo de una serie de casos diagnosticados con trastornos delirante crónico, Clínica Nuestra Señora de la Paz, Colombia
- Author
-
Briceño Jiménez, Nataly
- Subjects
Nervous system ,Cognitive disorders ,Sistema nervioso ,Epidemiology ,Medicina ,Delirio ,Investigaciones ,Delirium ,Diseases ,Investigations ,Enfermedades ,Medicine ,Epidemiología ,Trastornos cognitivos - Abstract
Especialización
- Published
- 2016
17. Benefits of a cognitive - communicative stimulation program in adults with derivate mild cognitive impairment of dementia
- Author
-
Rodríguez Riaño, Johanna and Basto Moreno, Diana Marcela
- Subjects
trastornos de la comunicación ,terapia cognitiva ,Fonoaudiología ,cognitive therapy ,Demencia ,Speech and language pathology ,cognitive disorders ,communication disorders ,speech and language pathology ,Dementia ,trastornos cognitivos ,fonoaudiología ,cognitive impairment - Published
- 2014
18. La fatiga y los trastornos cognitivos asociados a la esclerosis múltiple. Aspectos a considerar en el abordaje de Fisioterapia
- Author
-
Concejero Gómez de Salazar, Belén, Candelario Alonso, María Elena, Universidad de Alcalá. Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, and Candelario Alonso, Elena
- Subjects
CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD ,Cognitive disorders ,Fatiga ,Trastorno motor ,Interdisciplinary team ,Ciencias de la salud ,Trastorno cognitivo ,Multiple sclerosis ,Esclerosis múltiple ,Motor disorders ,Equipo interdisciplinar ,Physiotherapy ,Physical therapy ,Fisioterapia ,Fatigue - Abstract
Este trabajo establece una visión general de la esclerosis múltiple tratando los siguientes puntos: Concepto, historia, diagnóstico, anatomía, epidemiología, etiología, pronóstico y alteraciones asociadas. Se centra en los trastornos motores, en los cognitivos y en la fatiga para estudiar las posibles repercusiones en el tratamiento de Fisioterapia. Bajo la perspectiva de un equipo interdisciplinar se desarrollan unas pautas que puedan ayudar al fisioterapeuta en el manejo del paciente con EM., This study makes a global vision of the Multiple Sclerosis dealing with the next sections: Concept, history, diagnostic, anatomy, epidemiology, etiology, prognosis and associated problems. This study focuses on motor disorders, cognitive disorders and fatigue trying to understand the impact on physiotherapy treatment. Under an interdisciplinary team perspective, it develops some conclusions for the management of the patient with multiple sclerosis.., Grado en Fisioterapia
- Published
- 2013
19. Impacto de la enfermedad de Huntington en la familia
- Author
-
Fernández, M., Grau, C., and Trigo, P.
- Subjects
Family therapy ,Enfermedad de Huntington ,Cognitive disorders ,Reacciones psicológicas ,Psychological reactions ,Huntington´s disease ,Trastornos del movimiento ,Family systems ,Sistema familiar ,Terapia Familiar ,Trastornos cognitivos ,Movement disorders - Abstract
Se describen las alteraciones estructurales y emocionales de las familias con uno o más miembros enfermos de Huntington, en función de los diferentes síntomas, del afectado (descendientes, progenitores) y de las diferentes etapas. Consideramos que los servicios de ayuda a la familia deben estar compuestos por profesionales expertos en las necesidades específicas de esta enfermedad y que deben ayudar a planificar y diseñar las ayudas de manera individual, adecuada y flexible. Esta ayuda debe centrarse en superar el impacto de la enfermedad, en proporcionar información relevante, en buscar soluciones prácticas, en dar apoyo emocional, en diseñar los cuidados necesarios en cada caso y etapa, y en disminuir el miedo al futuro. This article describes the structural and emotional disturbances in families with one or more members affected by Huntington´s disease, according to the different symptoms, the affected member (offspring, parent) and the different stages of the disease. We consider that support services to the family should be made up of professionals who are specialists in the specific needs of the disease and who should help to plan and design individual, suitable and flexible support. This support should focus on overcoming the impact of the disease, providing relevant information, seeking practical solutions, giving emotional support, designing specific care in each case and each stage, and reducing fear of the future.
- Published
- 2012
20. Las enfermedades raras : naturaleza, características e intervención biopsicosocial
- Author
-
Puente Ferreras, Aníbal, Barahona-Gomariz, María José, and Fernández-Lozano, María Paz
- Subjects
Cognitive disorders ,Enfermedades raras ,Modelo de gestión de casos ,Orphan drugs ,Incurables ,Rol de defensa ,Advocacy rol ,Alteraciones cognitivas ,Enfermedades genéticas ,Genetic diseases ,Medicamentos huérfanos ,Rare diseases ,Case management - Abstract
La definición estándar de enfermedad no es aplicable a las enfermedades raras, entre otras, por las siguientes razones: a) Existe una dificultad notable a la hora de clasificar estas enfermedades, b) Presentan inconvenientes metodológicos importantes cuando se investiga con muestras tan reducidas de sujetos, y c) Existe una variabilidad significativa de síntomas clínicos que dificulta el diagnóstico. Las enfermedades raras forman un conjunto amplio y variado de trastornos que afecta a un reducido número de personas. Mayoritariamente son genéticas, hereditarias, graves, incurables, degenerativas y con alta tasa de mortalidad. Un porcentaje alto cursa con retraso mental y alteraciones severas en el lenguaje y la cognición. La calidad de vida suele estar comprometida con pérdida de autonomía y representa una carga socio-sanitaria para las familias y el Estado, por ello se hace imprescindible la atención biopsicosocial, con la integración del/la trabajador/a social en las distintas fases de la intervención.___________________________________________________The standard definition of disease does not apply to rare diseases for the following reasons: a) there is a notable difficulty in classifying these diseases, b) there are significant methodological disadvantages in investigating small samples of subjects, and c) there is a significant variability of clinical symptoms, which makes diagnosis difficult. Rare diseases are a broad and varied group of disorders that affect a small number of people. Most of them are genetic, hereditary, serious, incurable, degenerative and with a high mortality rate. A high percentage presents mental deficiency and severe disorders in language and cognition. Quality of life is often related to loss of autonomy and represents a socio-sanitary burden for families and the State. Therefore, biopsychosocial care is essential together with the integration of social workers in the different stages of intervention.
- Published
- 2011
21. Rare diseases: nature, characteristics and biopsychosocial intervention
- Author
-
Puente Ferreras, Aníbal, Barahona-Gomariz, María José, and Fernández-Lozano, María Paz
- Subjects
Trabajo social individual ,Cognitive disorders ,Modelo de gestión de casos ,Enfermedades raras ,Calidad de vida ,Trabajo social ,Incurables ,Rol de defensa ,Advocacy rol ,Alteraciones cognitivas ,Atención individualizada ,Enfermedades genéticas ,Discapacidad intelectual ,Medicamentos huérfanos ,Rare diseases ,Case management ,Discapacidad del lenguaje ,Orphan drugs ,Concepto ,Rol social ,Literatura científica ,Genetic diseases - Abstract
La definición estándar de enfermedad no es aplicable a las enfermedades raras, entre otras, por las siguientes razones: a) Existe una dificultad notable a la hora de clasificar estas enfermedades, b) Presentan inconvenientes metodológicos importantes cuando se investiga con muestras tan reducidas de sujetos, y c) Existe una variabilidad significativa de síntomas clínicos que dificulta el diagnóstico. Las enfermedades raras forman un conjunto amplio y variado de trastornos que afecta a un reducido número de personas. Mayoritariamente son genéticas, hereditarias, graves, incurables, degenerativas y con alta tasa de mortalidad. Un porcentaje alto cursa con retraso mental y alteraciones severas en el lenguaje y la cognición. La calidad de vida suele estar comprometida con pérdida de autonomía y representa una carga socio-sanitaria para las familias y el Estado, por ello se hace imprescindible la atención biopsicosocial, con la integración del/la trabajador/a social en las distintas fases de la intervención.___________________________________________________The standard definition of disease does not apply to rare diseases for the following reasons: a) there is a notable difficulty in classifying these diseases, b) there are significant methodological disadvantages in investigating small samples of subjects, and c) there is a significant variability of clinical symptoms, which makes diagnosis difficult. Rare diseases are a broad and varied group of disorders that affect a small number of people. Most of them are genetic, hereditary, serious, incurable, degenerative and with a high mortality rate. A high percentage presents mental deficiency and severe disorders in language and cognition. Quality of life is often related to loss of autonomy and represents a socio-sanitary burden for families and the State. Therefore, biopsychosocial care is essential together with the integration of social workers in the different stages of intervention.
- Published
- 2011
22. Deterioro cognitivo, nivel educativo y ocupación en una población de una clínica de memoria
- Author
-
Sánchez Contrerass, Mónica, Moreno Gómez, Germán Alberto, and García Ortiz, Luis Hernando
- Subjects
education ,Cognitive disorders ,occupation ,educación ,ocupación ,apolipoproteínas E ,trastornos cognitivos ,apolipoproteins E - Abstract
Introducción: Factores sociodemográficos y genéticos se han relacionado con el desarrollo del deterioro cognitivo y la progresión a demencia. Método: En este estudio se evaluaron características sociodemográficas junto con el genotipo de la apolipoproteína E (ApoE) en individuos mayores de 55 años de edad con deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) y demencia tipo Alzheimer (DTA) atendidos en una clínica de la memoria. Resultados: De los individuos que consultaron la clínica de la memoria en un período de cuatro años, 155 (36%) cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y se clasificaron en grupos diagnósticos de acuerdo con la cuarta edición revisada del Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales (DSM-IV-TR) y los criterios del National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA). Los individuos con DTA y DCL se dedicaron más a ocupaciones predominantemente manuales durante el transcurso de la vida que los individuos cognitivamente sanos p=0,014). Un porcentaje alto de los individuos con DCL y cognitivamente sanos (43%) dejaron su ocupación principal o cambiaron a una predominantemente manual después del retiro laboral. No se encontraron otros factores asociados con el deterioro cognitivo, entre éstos polimorfismos en ApoE. Conclusión: Estos resultados sustentan una relación entre la ocupación principal durante el transcurso de la vida y el desarrollo de deterioro cognitivo después de los 55 años. Introduction: Socio-demographic and genetic factors have been involved in the development of cognitive impairment and its progression to dementia. Method: The present study evaluates sociodemographic characteristics and the ApoE genotype in individuals older than 55 years with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), attending a memory clinic. Results: 155 individuals (36%) out of the total population who attended the memory clinic in a four-year period met the inclusion criteria. The study population was classified in diagnostic groups according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) and to the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NICNCDS-ADRDA) criteria. More AD and MCI individuals worked in mainly manual occupations throughout their lifetime compared to cognitively unimpaired individuals (p=0.014). A high percentage of individuals with MCI and of cognitively unimpaired individuals (43%) left their primary occupation or changed it for a mainly manual occupation after their retirement. No other factors associated to the cognitive impairment, including ApoE genotype, were found. Conclusion: These results support a correlation between the primary occupation during lifetime and the development of cognitive impairment in individuals older than 55 years.
- Published
- 2010
23. Perspectivas filogenéticas del uso de la mano, asimetría cerebral y capacidad de lecto-escritura
- Author
-
Ratti, Silvia, Rearte, S. N., and Álvarez, Edgardo O.
- Subjects
Cognición ,Cognitive disorders ,Mano ,Destreza motora ,Estudio comparativo ,Desórdenes cognitivos ,Gen HSR ,Mendoza (Argentina) ,Hand Skill Relative ,Evolución ,provincia) [La Rioja (Argentina] ,Uso de la mano ,Dominancia cerebral ,Brain asymmetry - Abstract
Las respuestas que se generan a partir de cuestionamientos del origen del hombre nos permitirán especular hacia dónde evolucionará como especie. Los grandes saltos evolutivos que diferencian a los primates humanos de los no humanos, se podrían describir entre otras características por una eficiente memoria para el uso de herramientas, la dominancia para el uso de la mano junto al desarrollo de la oposición del pulgar y el lenguaje. Se ha descrito un gen, el HSR que expresa para la dominancia para el uso de la mano derecha, habilidades cognitivas relacionadas con el lenguaje y asimetría cerebral en humanos. Este es un gen imprintado, es decir, que se hereda su expresión según el origen parental y cuya expresión está regulada por factores epigenéticos. Estos factores, modifican la expresión del gen sin afectar la estructura primaria del ADN. Se ha estudiado la expresión fenotípica del gen HSR en una población de niños escolarizados de La Rioja, dividida en dos regiones (Región 1 y Región 2). Los resultados obtenidos, que muestran una alteración de las proporciones fenotípicas del gen en la Región 2, apoyan fuertemente la posibilidad de que un factor ambiental estaría condicionando el epigenotipo del gen HSR. Se piensa que el estudio de estos mecanismos regulatorios en estos genes recientemente adquiridos por la evolución y blanco de funciones también recientemente adquiridas, podría dar información de hacia dónde la evolución del hombre podría proyectarse en el futuro. Answers generated after questioning about the origin of man will permit to speculate to where evolution of man is addressed. The major evolution steps that separate human primates from non-human primates can be described among many others by an efficient memory to use tools, dominance for hand use and opposition of thumb, and language. Recently it has been described a gene, HSR (Hand Skill Relative) that expresses for the dominance of right hand, cognitive abilities related to language, and brain asymmetry in humans. This gene is imprinted, i.e. it is inherited as parental origin and its expression is regulated by epigenetic factors. These factors modify the expression of the gene without altering the primary structure of DNA. In a population of school children of La Rioja province the HSR gene has been studied in two regions of the province (Region 1 and Region 2). Results so far obtained showing an altered proportion of the phenotypic expression of the gene in Region 2, support the idea that an environmental factor should be conditioning the epigenotype of the HSR gene. It is thought that the study of the regulatory mechanisms of these genes recently appeared in the evolution could provide information to where the evolution of man is projected into the future. Fil: Ratti, Silvia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Área Farmacología. Fil: Rearte, S. N.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Área Farmacología. Fil: Álvarez, Edgardo O.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Área Farmacología.
- Published
- 2006
24. Síntomas psicológicos y conductuales asociados a demencias: actualización terapéutica
- Author
-
Slachevsky Ch, Andrea and Fuentes G, Patricio
- Subjects
Behavioral symptoms ,amnestic ,cognitive disorders ,Delirium ,Dementia - Abstract
Behavioral disturbances in dementias are relevant because they are very common, they worsen patients' medical and cognitive condition, increase the caregiver burden and accelerate the admission to nursing homes. The different behavioral disturbances in dementias can appear isolated, but in most cases, patients present a combination of disturbances producing one of two main syndromes: the psychotic or the affective syndrome. Proper handling of these behavioral disturbances requires a correct characterization of the syndrome, discarding medical or environmental causes and selecting the drug with the better effectiveness and safety profile for each patient. In spite of the important number of psychotropics available, there is not enough scientific evidence about their real effectiveness and security in patients with Alzheimer's disease. This article reviews recent advances in the treatment of most common and disruptive behavioral disturbances (Rev Méd Chile 2005; 133: 1242-51)
- Published
- 2005
25. Delirium: la confusión de los clínicos
- Author
-
Joan de Pablo R, Manuel Valdés M, and Matías González T
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,amnestic ,business.industry ,MEDLINE ,Delirium ,General Medicine ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Frail elderly ,Acute onset ,mental disorders ,cognitive disorders ,Medicine ,Brain diseases ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Psychiatry ,Intensive care medicine ,Cognitive impairment ,Hospital stay ,Systematic search ,dementia - Abstract
Delirium or acute confusional state is a condition that lies within the boundaries of psychiatry and other medical specialties. It is defined as a syndrome characterized by a fluctuating cognitive impairment of acute onset. The pathogenesis is multifactorial and it frequently appears in elderly patients admitted to general hospitals. Delirium carries a high mortality and it prolongs hospital stay. Its diagnosis if often overlooked and the treatment is inadequate or belated. This article discusses the most efficient procedures to diagnose and treat delirium. The review was based on a systematic search in the literature using the key words delirium, acute mental syndrome, acute confusional state and organic mental syndrome. Articles were selected according to their relevance and methodological accuracy.
- Published
- 2003
26. The clinical confusion about delirium
- Author
-
González T, Matías, de Pablo R, Joan, and Valdés M, Manuel
- Subjects
amnestic ,mental disorders ,cognitive disorders ,Delirium ,Brain diseases ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Frail elderly ,dementia - Abstract
Delirium or acute confusional state is a condition that lies within the boundaries of psychiatry and other medical specialties. It is defined as a syndrome characterized by a fluctuating cognitive impairment of acute onset. The pathogenesis is multifactorial and it frequently appears in elderly patients admitted to general hospitals. Delirium carries a high mortality and it prolongs hospital stay. Its diagnosis if often overlooked and the treatment is inadequate or belated. This article discusses the most efficient procedures to diagnose and treat delirium. The review was based on a systematic search in the literature using the key words delirium, acute mental syndrome, acute confusional state and organic mental syndrome. Articles were selected according to their relevance and methodological accuracy
- Published
- 2003
27. Neuropsychological and neurophysiological features of Fahr’s disease
- Author
-
Cartier R,Luis, Passig V,Claudia, Gormaz W,Adriana, and López C,Javier
- Subjects
Cognitive disorders ,Basal ganglia diseases ,Dementia - Abstract
Background: Fahrs disease (basal ganglia calcification) is characterized by bi hemispherical calcium deposition in basal ganglia, dentate nucleus and semioval center. Its clinical manifestations are a rigid hypokinetic syndrome, mood disorders and cognitive impairment. Aim: To report to the results of a neurological assessment of three siblings with Fahr disease. Patients and methods: Three sisters, aged 55, 56 and 58 years, were studied. All had a rigid hypokinetic clinical picture associated with cerebellar involvement and a cognitive impairment that progressed in 8, 6 and 10 years respectively. Brain CAT scans showed symmetric and extensive calcifications of cerebellar white matter and dentate nuclei, pons, mesencephalon, lenticular nuclei, thalami and semioval centers. Hypoparathyroidism was ruled out. Cognition was assessed with WAIS and Benton tests and Weschler memory scale. The time of reaction to visual stimuli was studied. The processing speed of visual information and the interhemispheric conduction time of such information, were calculated. Cognitive evoked potentials (P 300) were also studied. Results: Cognitive impairment involved verbal and visual-spatial memory, planning, attention and concentration capacities and visual constructive skills. There was a prolongation of reaction time latencies and loss of the normal asymmetry of interhemispheric transmission (without right to left facilitation). P 300 evoked potentials were absent. Conclusions: These observations suggest that the pathogenesis of cognitive and motor changes in Fahrs disease is based in a dysfunction of cortico basal connections and their interhemispheric relations. This defines a subcortical dementia secondary to mineral deposits in subcortical structures ( Rev Méd Chile 2002; 130: 1383-90).
- Published
- 2002
28. HIPERTENSIÓN ARTERIAL Y DÉFICIT COGNITIVO
- Author
-
RIVAS, JUAN CARLOS and GAVIRIA, MOISÉS
- Subjects
Hypertension ,Geriatric Psychiatry ,Dementia Vascular ,Demencia Vascular ,Psiquiatría Geriátrica ,Hipertensión Arterial ,Cognitive Disorders ,Trastornos Cognoscitivos - Abstract
La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es una de las enfermedades generales con mayor prevalencia en el mundo y se encuentra asociada a morbilidad y mortalidad significativas. Aunque no se conocen del todo los mecanismos que permiten a la HTA afectar al cerebro, se sabe que el proceso puede empezar muchos años antes de que la enfermedad se manifieste clínicamente. La HTA causa cambios morfológicos y funcionales en el cerebro que se pueden manifestar como alteraciones cognitivas o demencia de origen vascular en pacientes mal controlados. Es importante que el psiquiatra detecte y controle los cambios sutiles en el funcionamiento cognitivo del paciente hipertenso. Este artículo revisa algunas evidencias clínicas de los efectos cognitivos asociados a la HTA. High blood pressure (HBP) is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although the mechanisms by which HBP affects the brain are unclear, it is known that the pathological process may begin several years prior to clinical manifestations. HBP causes morphological and functional changes in the brain, such as cognitive déficits or vascular dementia in patients who are poorly controlled. Psychiatrists should detect and control subtle changes in the cognitive functioning of hypertensive patients. This article reviews some clinical evidences about the cognitive effects associated with HBP.
- Published
- 2000
29. [Diagnostic criteria. Benefits of early diagnosis].
- Author
-
Gil Gregorio P
- Subjects
- Aged, Costs and Cost Analysis, Dementia economics, Humans, Dementia diagnosis, Early Diagnosis
- Abstract
Almost 36 million persons live with dementia worldwide. This figure is set to double by 2030, with 66 million patients, and by 2050 there will be 116 million affected persons. Dementia has an economic impact on individuals and health services and affects the global economy. It is important to evaluate costs to plan social services and healthcare and to provide information on the cost-effectiveness of treatments. The economic cost of dementia was around 604 billion dollars in 2010 and estimates are obviously set to rise., (Copyright © 2016 Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. [Validation of the Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP-S) Screen Scale in Patients with Bipolar Disorder I].
- Author
-
Castaño Ramírez OM, Martínez Ramírez YA, Marulanda Mejía F, Díaz Cabezas R, Valderrama Sánchez LA, Varela Cifuentes V, and Aguirre Acevedo DC
- Subjects
- Adult, Bipolar Disorder drug therapy, Case-Control Studies, Cognition Disorders etiology, Colombia, Confidence Intervals, Female, Humans, Language, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Reproducibility of Results, Statistics, Nonparametric, Translations, Bipolar Disorder complications, Cognition Disorders diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: The Spanish version of the cognitive impairment in psychiatry scale screening scale has been developed as a response to the needs arising in clinical practice during the evaluation of mental illness patients, but the performance is not known in the Colombian population with bipolar disorder I. This paper tries to establish construct validity and stability of the scale in patients with bipolar disorder I in the city of Manizales., Methods: Construct validity was estimated by comparing the measurement in two divergent groups, a control group and a group with bipolar disorder I. It was also compared to a Neuropsychological battery measuring the same scale domains. The correlation between each one of the sub-tests of the scale and stability was evaluated through the reliability test-retest in the group with bipolar disorder I., Results: The scale showed discriminatory capacity in cognitive functioning between the control group and the group with bipolar disorder I. The correlation with the neuropsychological battery was estimated by the Spearman test showing results between 0.36 and 0.77, and the correlation between each sub-test of the scale showed correlations between 0.39 and 0.72. Test-retest was measured with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and their values were between 0.77 and 0.91., Conclusions: The Spanish version of screening scale in the cognitive disorder in psychiatry shows acceptable validity and reliability as a measurement tool in clinical psychiatric practice., (Copyright © 2014 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier España. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.