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This article provides a review of the Citizen Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) and its characteristics. It also describes the Spectrum Access System, which allows the bands not used by primary users to be intelligently occupied by secondary users to optimize this resource. As a rule, CBRS operates between 3550 MHz and 3700 MHz to allow users’ connectivity from different operators in high-traffic locations. Using Neutral Hosts minimizes the installation and operation costs of the Advanced Mobile Service’s operators. CBRS also functions as a private LTE network with several advantages over other wireless network technologies. This innovative proposal marks a milestone in shifting from fixed allocation of the radio spectrum to dynamic controlled access, enabling connectivity to a wide range of wireless devices.

Uma pesquisa Intensiva com os usuários finais no setor da Habitação Econômica da República Sul-Africana tornou-se necessário para encontrar formas de enfrentar o contínuo aumento dos custos e ainda continuar a satisfazer as preferências, com qualidade e acessibilidade. A pesquisa tem de ser sucedida por projetos inovadores e métodos construtivos rápidos e de baixo custo, sem perder qualidade e estética. Os custos de terreno e o adensamento dos projetos, em equilíbrio com a qualidade ambiental, tornaram-se de enorme importância em qualquer empreendimento sustentável. O mesmo se aplica às vizinhanças, quanto à revitalização dos bairros. Um exemplo típico é o Nelson Mandela Bay Metropole na África do Sul, onde 100.000 unidades habitacionais precisam ser construídas em um período de três a cinco anos para acabar com o déficit. A quantidade de dados relativos a uma única habitação é vasta e, em um grande empreendimento, ainda mais significativa. Tradicionalmente, os dados são armazenados em vários locais, por exemplo, com autoridades governamentais, arquitetos ou outros profissionais, empreendedores, subcontratados, agentes imobiliários, instituições financeiras ou proprietários. Baixa eficiência e atrasos substanciais são o resultado, quando os dados existentes não podem ser acessados rapidamente, ou não são encontrados. Um processo de localização espacial e sistema de controle de dados física e inequivocamente associado com cada particular unidade habitacional foi desenvolvido para resolver com sucesso a maioria desses problemas.

RESUMEN La identificación de TVWS es fundamental para concientizar sobre la existencia de espectro radio eléctrico subutilizado y que podría ser utilizado para aliviar la falta de espectro existente. Estándares recientes que aplican Radio Cognitiva tales como WRAN o White-Fi pueden ser utilizados para explotar estas frecuencias. Las herramientas tradicionales utilizadas para detectar TVWS son caras difíciles de aprender. La utilización de hardware y software libre, así como un método basado en detección de energía para desarrollar una herramienta que ayude a detectar estos TVWS, es presentada para evaluar el espectro radio eléctrico en la banda UHF desde 500 MHz hasta 686 MHz en la provincia de Pichincha del Ecuador, Sudamérica. Palabras clave: TVWS, espectro, detección de energía, código abierto, Raspberry PI. ABSTRACT The identification of TVWS is fundamental to raise awareness about the existence of spectrum that is currently underutilized and that could be used to alleviate the current spectrum crunch. Recent standards that employ Cognitive Radio such as WRAN or White-Fi can then be employed for the exploitation of these frequencies. The traditional tools used to detect TVWS are expensive and difficult to master. The utilization of open hardware, software and an energy based detection method that helps detect these TVWS is developed and presented to assess the radio electric spectrum in the UHF band from 500 MHz to 686 MHz in the Pichincha province of Ecuador, South America. Keywords: TVWS, spectrum, energy detection, open source, Raspberry PI.

For the manager of a firm to gain success, good ideas and management control systems are probably important, but not sufficient, elements. The manager also needs to be able to communicate his/her ideas and plans convincingly to the employees as they have to execute them. In a decentralised organisation, the need for such effective management is of vital importance. The basic assumption made in this paper is that the successfull manager uses convincing rhetoric which is based on his social competence and his ability to communicate. This assumption is examined by analysing the communication and interaction of a successful division manager who controls 45 rather decentralised profit centres, each of which is headed by a general manager. The rhetorical instruments used by the division manager are studied in order to shed light on his management philosophy, which strongly resembles the philosophy involved in Socratic conversations. The rhetorical analysis provides the background for a preliminary conclusion in this respect: practical division control may gain from being visualised.

The epidemiology profile of developing countries is in transition. While the prevalence of infectious and preventable diseases, malnutrition, and in general the health problems traditionally associated to the poor, is still high, the characteristic health profile of industrialized countries (i.e. chronic and degenerative diseases, accidents, violence, social pathology) is beginning to surface. This paper focuses on the need to consider organ transplantation as a health priority in developing countries, as an important element in the global strategy to cover both aspects of the health care demand.