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Intellectual disability (ID) encompasses limitations in intellectual and adaptive functions that facilitate an individual’s social, familial and occupational development. In Latin America, it is estimated that the prevalence is four times higher than the rest of the world, with figures ranging from 4% to 16%. This article presents a literature review on the prevalence, behavior, diagnosis and treatment of anxiety and depression disorders in individuals with ID, considering the psychosocial consequences and overall health implications they entail. In this population, it is crucial to understand the diversity in the manifestations of mental disorders, as their presentation may vary compared to the general population. For this reason, we use scales and clinical interviews that, along with clinical judgement, will guide medical management. Treatments aimed at patients with ID and comorbid anxious or depressive disorders do not differ from those recommended for the general population, as the use of medications is directed at treating existing comorbidity without impacting the intellectual quotient or daily functionality. However, there is a lack of specific studies in this population group.

Emerging adulthood represents a critical stage characterized by heightened risks for anxiety, depression, and somatization symptoms development. Research has shown that difficulties in emotional identification, expression, and processing, as well as dysfunctional parenting styles, may exacerbate symptoms in emerging adults. The present study aimed at examining the interplay between mentalized affectivity (i.e., emotional identification, processing, and expression), helicopter parenting, and psychopathological risk in 913 Italian cisgender emerging adults (M = 24.34, SD = 2.81; 71.20% assigned female at birth), using network analysis. The results indicated moderate to strong associations between psychopathological symptoms, with emotional processing difficulties significantly associated with general anxiety, depression, and, to a lesser extent, somatization. Additionally, increased degrees of helicopter parenting from mothers were linked to increased psychopathology and higher emotional processing difficulties. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing the interconnection between symptoms and emotional processing to prevent and treat psychopathological risks in emerging adults. Moreover, interventions targeting intrusive and overprotecting parenting behaviors may promote well-being among emerging adults.

Considerable evidence links the “Big Five” personality traits (neuroticism, extroversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness) with depression. However, potential mediating and moderating factors are less well understood. We utilized data from a cross-sectional survey of 3065 German-speaking adults from the D-A-CH region to estimate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervalsbetween personality traits and lifetime prevalence of depression (overall and stratified by sex and age). We further explored proportions mediated by psychosocial factors optimism, empathy, perspective-taking, work–life balance, and interpersonal trust. High levels of neuroticism were associated with more than two-fold higher odds of depression, whereas higher levels of conscientiousness were associated with approximately 30% lower odds of depression. The association with neuroticism persisted in all investigated subgroups; apparently, stronger associations for females and participants aged ≥60 years did not correspond to statistically significant interactions. Overall and across all strata, the association of neuroticism with depression appeared to be mediated in part by the considered psychosocial factors; optimism explained the largest proportion of the association. Our results provide empirical evidence for the dynamic predisposition model. Further investigations of these relationships are warranted in longitudinal data with more precise outcome assessments.

Introduction: International research has shown that trauma exposure can lead to mental health disorders and affect social support. However, there is little insight into trauma exposure and its related issues in the general population of Belgium. Methods: Secondary cross-sectional data on the general adult population were retrieved from the Belgian Health Interview Survey. Using a representative sample, data were collected on trauma exposure in the past 12 months, and the disclosure of trauma, social support, depressive/anxiety symptoms and background factors were investigated. Results: In total, 7728 participants were included in this study, and 4.8% (N = 369) reported trauma exposure within the past 12 months. People with trauma exposure (4.8%, N = 369) consistently had more anxiety and depressive symptoms than those without trauma (p < 0.001), and people with multiple trauma exposures had more symptoms than those with a single trauma (p < 0.001). Social support was observed to be lower among those with trauma exposure (p < 0.001), and 17.1% had never disclosed their trauma to anyone. Sexual violence was higher among women (64.5%) and was also the least disclosed form of trauma. Conclusions: Trauma exposure is associated with poorer mental health in Belgium. Around a fifth of those who experience trauma do not disclose their trauma, which is the most common after sexual violence.

Background: The main objective of this study was to provide Spanish normative data for the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7 (GAD-7) in a community-derived sample of adolescents. Method: A total of 2,235 adolescents (M = 14.68 years, SD = 1.76 years), selected through stratified cluster sampling, participated in the study. Results: Self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety were common. Statistically significant differences were found when comparing the means scores of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 across sex and age. Percentile scores were computed for both total scores and were stratified by sex and age. Conclusions: Both the PHQ-9 and the GAD-7 are brief, simple, and useful measurement instruments with adequate psychometric properties for the assessment of self-reported depressive and anxious symptomatology among Spanish adolescents. A reliable and valid assessment of mental health is essential, as it allows for early detection and identification, which in turn can help in guiding psychological preventive interventions in a critical human developmental stage such as adolescence.

Background: The bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe, disabling mental disorder characterized by phases of mania, hypomania, or depression. The present quasi-experimental study of 21 BD patients (Mage = 44 years, SD = 11.45, 6% women) compared the efficacy of a mutual aid group (MAG) with a MAG that followed a mindfulness-based intervention (MAG+M) over 6 weeks. Method: Both groups were evaluated pre-test and post-test with the following variables: depression, mania, anxiety, mindfulness, and psychological acceptance. Results: Pretest and post-test intragroup analyses showed that MAG+M improved significantly in measures of depression (z = -2.31, p = .02) and trait anxiety (z = -2.43, p = .01), while MAG did not improve in any of the measures. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in the post-test. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that mindfulness meditation may improve symptoms of depression and anxiety in a MAG for BD patients.

Previous studies have shown that the transition from the University environment to remote learning impacted student mental health. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of university environment on anxiety and depressive symptoms in health sciences students. Students at the Technical University of Manabí, Ecuador, with 6–10 in-person semesters, who shifted to remote learning and then returned to face-to-face learning were selected. Students responded to the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). In addition, questions regarding social interaction, physical exercise, mood and sleep habits were also asked. This longitudinal study tracked 323 students during the return to in-person classes and term end. The results showed similar rates of anxiety (GAD-7, p = 0.011-p = 0.002) and depression (PHQ-9 p = 0.001-p = 0.032) among students at week 1 and week 15. Previous diagnosis of depression (OR, 0.171; CI 0.050–0.579, p < 0.005) was shown to correlate with depression levels in week 1, with no changes seen at follow-up. Anxiety levels were shown to be associated with a previous diagnosis of the disorder at week 1, but not at follow-up (OR 0.233; CI 0.085–0.643, p < 0.005). The return to in-person learning among university students maintained levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms, underscoring ongoing vulnerabilities to mental health disorders in this group.

Previous research has already examined the relationship between Future Anxiety, a construct recently introduced in Italy, and mental health in young adults, although possible mediating variables in this relationship have so far never been investigated. The present study attempts to fill this gap by exploring the incidence of Future Anxiety on psychological distress (i.e., Stress, Anxiety and Depression) in a group of 302 young Italian adults (18–30 years; M = 21.9; SD = 2.6; 49.0% males; 51.0% females), presenting and evaluating the simultaneous mediating effect of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Non-Pathological Worry. Findings highlighted how Future Anxiety had a positive and significant direct effect on Stress and Depression, but not on Anxiety. In the three serial mediation models proposed, Intolerance of Uncertainty and Non-Pathological Worry mediated the relationship between Future Anxiety and mental health outcomes. The results also confirmed the hypothesized serial mediation effect by highlighting how young adults with greater Future Anxiety experienced more Intolerance of Uncertainty, which positively affected Non-Pathological Worry levels and, in turn, exacerbated psychological distress. Finally, results indicated that female participants experienced more Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in relation to Future Anxiety compared to males. Starting from the review of main references on this subject, the results discussed provide new insights for understanding youth psychological distress. Finally, practical implications for the design of supportive interventions for this study’s target group are proposed.

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a complex and multi-determined process that is influenced by psychosocial variables. Although international studies have pointed to the adverse impact of HIV stigma, sexual stigma, and depression on ART adherence among men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV, less is known about this association among Brazilians. We aimed to (a) evaluate indicators of depression, stigma related to HIV and homosexuality, and adherence to ART in a sample of Brazilian MSM living with HIV; (b) assess possible correlations between the variables analyzed, and (c) assess the impact of HIV and sexual stigma and depression on ART adherence. This cross-sectional study comprised 138 Brazilian MSM living with HIV as participants. Scales used included: a sociodemographic/clinical questionnaire, the questionnaire for assessment of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (CEAT-HIV), the Beck depression inventory (BDI-II), the internalized homophobia scale, and the HIV stigmatization scale. The mean adherence score was relatively high (78.83, within a range of 17–89 points). However, we observed inadequate ART adherence (CEAT-HIV < 75) in 28 (20.2%) respondents. Participants reported high scores for internalized sexual stigma, perceived sexual stigma in the community, and HIV stigma. Symptoms of depression were identified in 48.47% of participants. We found negative correlations between depression, HIV stigma, and treatment adherence, but not between sexual stigma and ART adherence. HIV-related stigma and sexual stigma were positively correlated with depression. Our regression analysis indicated that each year of age at diagnosis of HIV increased adherence by 0.22 points, on average. Each additional BDI-II score reduced adherence to ART by 0.20 points. The high prevalence of depression, HIV stigma, and sexual stigma, and their adverse effects on ART adherence and mental health, point to the need to implement evidence-based interventions to reduce sexual and serological stigma in the general population, as well as to mitigate the negative impacts of stigma on MSM living in HIV in Brazil. They also highlight the importance of periodically screening for these variables among MSM treated in Brazilian public health services, especially among those with inadequate adherence to ART.

Introduction Depression is increasingly recognized as a major global health issue, driven by neurobiological, genetic, and environmental factors. Despite extensive research, understanding depression remains challenging due to its complexity and the lack of biomarkers. Recent studies highlight a link between depression and metabolic disturbances, emphasizing the need for alternative therapeutic approaches. Purpose This review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) in treating depression, focusing on its impact on neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter imbalances, and synaptic dysfunction. Materials and Methods A systematic review was conducted by analyzing literature from databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, covering studies from 2003 to 2024. The review focused on keywords related to GLP-1, depression, and diabetes. Description of the State of Knowledge This section discusses the neurobiological mechanisms of depression, including neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter imbalances, and impaired neurogenesis. It highlights the potential of GLP-1 agonists to address these issues and improve mood and cognitive function. Conclusion The review concludes that GLP-1 holds promise as a therapeutic target for depression. Beyond its metabolic roles, GLP-1 can influence brain regions involved in mood regulation, enhance neurogenesis, reduce neuroinflammation, and improve neurotransmitter balance. These effects suggest that GLP-1-based therapies could offer new treatment options for depression, potentially improving outcomes beyond traditional antidepressants.

Introduction: Frailty and depression risk are common in older adults undergoing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment. However, little is known about this association in people with COPD residing in low- and middle-income countries. Objective: The study aimed to establish the relationship between frailty and depression among ambulatory adults over 60 years with COPD in Santa Marta, Colombia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was designed in which consecutive patients from the pulmonology outpatient clinic were invited to participate. Frailty was quantified with the FiND (Frail Non-Disabled [FiND] Screening Tool) [Cronbach's alpha 0.65] and depression with the Primary Care Screening Questionnaire for Depression (PSQD) [Cronbach's alpha 0.73]. Results: Three-hundred forty-nine patients with COPD between 60 and 98 years participated (M=75.6, SD=8.4), 61.9% were males, and 19.8% presented a C or D combined evaluation. Two hundred eighty-six patients (76.8%) presented frailty with and without mobility disability, and 31.2% presented depression. The relationship of frailty with depression remained significant, even after adjusting for confounding variables (OR=2.80, 95%CI 1.42-5.51). Conclusions: Frailty and depression are significantly associated after adjusting for confounding variables. More studies are welcome.

Abstract: This study aimed to estimate the population-based Parkinson disease prevalence, and to explore potentially associated factors and conditions. A population-based survey was conducted in Northern Peru. Symptoms compatible with Parkinson’s were defined using a validated Spanish questionnaire (≥ 42 points suggest Parkinson’s). Potential factors (e.g., age, sex, etc.) and clinical conditions (e.g., depressive symptoms, perceived stress, etc.) associated with Parkinson’s were assessed. In total, 1,609 subjects were included, mean age of participants was 48.2 (SD: 10.6), and 810 (50.3%) were women. Parkinson’s prevalence was 1.6% (95%CI: 1.0; 2.4). Those aged ≥ 55 years, and those who reported using wood as fuel for household cooking had a Parkinson’s prevalence from 3.5 to 4 times greater than those who did not. The presence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, perceived stress, poor sleep quality, and cognitive impairment was more common among those with Parkinson’s, and quality of life in these participants was lower than those without Parkinson’s. In conclusion, 1.6% of the population shows symptoms compatible with Parkinson’s. Age and use of wood for household cooking were factors associated with Parkinson’s. Several mental health conditions and lower quality of life were more frequent among those with Parkinson’s. Appropriate strategies are required to detect, prevent, and manage Parkinson’s cases.

Introduction and Objective: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and anxiety, as well as depressive disorders, can coexist. Depression may affect IBD symptoms and vice versa. The aim of our study is to determine the impact of different classes of antidepressant medications in the treatment of IBD with comorbid depressive episodes, to summarize the most commonly used therapies, and to identify the most effective practices in treating inflammatory diseases with coexisting depressive episodes. Materials and Methods: A review of the available literature was conducted by searching the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the following keywords: inflammatory bowel diseases, depression, antidepressants, in both English and Polish, up until July 19, 2024. To ensure the high quality of the narrative review, the SANRA scale (a scale for the quality assessment of narrative review articles) was used. Results: Studies indicate that depressive symptoms occur in approximately 25-27.5% of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Treatment of depression in IBD patients often includes the use of antidepressant medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which not only reduce depression but also exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. SSRIs may also be effective in improving patients' quality of life; however, they may cause side effects such as diarrhea and an increased risk of bleeding. In addition to SSRIs, other antidepressants, such as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and atypical antipsychotics, are also used and may have a beneficial impact on the course of the disease. Conclusions: In patients with IBD and comorbid depression, SSRIs are most commonly used, followed by TLPDs, SNRIs, and atypical antipsychotics. Drugs from these groups may have a beneficial effect on depressive symptoms, but also affect the course of IBD. Further clinical studies are needed to establish precise guidelines for the use of these drugs in patients with IBD.

Abstract Population aging and the reduction in the availability of family caregivers have driven the demand for care for older adults in long-term care facilities (LTCF). This study aimed to characterize the sociodemographic, functional, cognitive and emotional aspects of residents of philanthropic LTCF in a medium-sized Brazilian city. This study also sought to correlate variables in residents’ life and their levels of depression and cognitive performance. Cognitive (MMSE and ACE-R) and mood screening instruments (GDS-15) and a guided interview were applied to 78 residents. Generally, residents were White, single/widowed, independent women showing depressive symptoms (52%) and cognitive impairment (74%). Most participants reported satisfaction with the care offered by the LTCF, but this satisfaction was negatively correlated with the depression score. This profile suggests the need for an institutional arrangement that considers the needs of residents and promotes their quality of life.

Introduction: Since March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic. This crisis had big challenges for the patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), due to the effects related to changes in daily routines, the practice of leisure activities, relationships and mental health leading to secondary deterioration. Our aim was to characterize the emotional state and quality of life in a cohort of patients with Parkinson’s disease as well as to explore the perception of the quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: This investigation was conducted as an exploratory mixed study. Descriptive analysis for sociodemographic and clinical variables and, a discourse analysis was carried out based on categories related to the perception of quality of life of patients with PD. Categories analyzed were: Covid-19 pandemic, caregivers, adaptation strategies, management of the disease, and leisure activities. Results: There were twelve patients total in this study. 75% were men with a median age of 75 (SD 2.9). 50% presented mild levels of anxiety and 41% presented mild and severe depression. The QoL was affected for: mobility 37.5 (IRC 10.6-45), body discomfort 25 (IQR 10.4-45.8) and, cognition 21.9 (IQR 14-34.3). 89% lived with their wife and 67% of women lived with one of their children. Discussion: The interview about perception of QoL during Covid-19 pandemic allowed to understand that individual experiences are crucial to improve the management and empowerment the patients, caregivers and families. Conclusion: Quality of life is a factor made up of dynamic dimensions and it is influenced for subjective perspective and changes in environment as a Covid-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Medical residents commonly experience depressive and anxiety symptoms at higher rates compared to the general population. These symptoms have been associated with various sociodemographic risk factors as well as academic and healthcare demands. Objective: To determine the frequency of depressive or anxiety symptoms and associated factors among medical-surgical specialty students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021, involving residents in medical-surgical specialties at a university in Medellín. Participants provided informed consent to participate. Three instruments were used: a sociodemographic and clinical survey, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests were used to explore associations, and prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Multivariate analysis using binomial regression was also performed. Results: The study included 80 residents, of whom 57.5% were female. The median age was 28 (27-30 years). 17.5% had a personal history of mental illness, and 33.8% had a family history of mental illness. 72.5% consumed alcohol. 40% had depressive symptoms, and 11.3% had both anxiety and depressive symptoms. Factors associated with depressive symptoms were mistreatment, long working hours, and sleep disturbances. In the multivariate analysis, only sleep disturbance remained significantly associated (PR 8.7; 95% CI 1.2-63.2; p = 0.03). The variable associated with anxiety symptoms was mistreatment (PR 4.2; 95% CI 1.2-15.7; p = 0.02). Conclusion: A higher prevalence of depressive symptoms, contrary to expectations, was found compared to anxiety symptoms. The variables associated with depressive or anxiety symptoms were consistent with previous reports.

Background: Adolescence is marked by changes such as sleep and health behaviors. This study analyzed the relationships and differences on excessive daytime sleepiness, anxiety and depression symptoms, sleep habits, family sleep behaviors, sleep quality and health behaviors in adolescents including the moderating effect of adolescents’ age and gender. Method: The sample included 272 adolescents, 58% being female. Results: Girls and older adolescents reported worse sleep quality. Older adolescents reported healthier behaviors. Female gender, having a family member with sleep quality problems, coffee intake, anxiety and depression symptoms, daytime sleepiness, and family sleep behaviors contributed to worse sleep quality. Father’s alcohol consumption, anxiety and depression symptoms and family sleep behaviors contributed to adolescents’ sleep habits. Being a girl and an older adolescent were moderators in the relationship between the presence of excessive daytime sleepiness and worse sleep quality. Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of health promotion programs regarding sleep quality.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of various music therapy interventions in ameliorating depressive symptoms in dementia patients, utilizing a network meta-analysis approach. We rigorously selected randomized controlled trials focused on music therapy for dementia with depressive symptoms from major electronic databases. The primary outcome measured was the impact on depressive symptoms, with the secondary outcome evaluating dropout rates across different intervention groups and standard care control groups. The research protocol has been duly registered with PROSPERO (Registration ID: CRD42023393059). Our network meta-analysis incorporated 14 randomized controlled trials involving a total of 1080 participants and examined a range of interventions, including active music therapy, listening to music, rhythmic music therapy, singing, and tailored music interventions. The analysis revealed that active music therapy combined with singing emerged as the most effective intervention, demonstrating a significant improvement in depressive symptoms in dementia patients (Standardized Mean Difference [SMD] = −0.89, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: −1.48 to −0.30). In contrast, listening to music alone showed a smaller effect (SMD = −0.26, 95% CI: −0.71 to 0.20). This study was particularly noteworthy for not showing higher dropout rates compared to standard care, indicating its feasibility and acceptability in clinical settings. The findings of our study indicate that active music therapy combined with singing is an effective approach to reducing depressive symptoms in dementia patients, potentially due to enhanced social interaction. These results offer new perspectives for dementia care, suggesting a promising direction for further research and clinical application.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess the University Student Depression Inventory, Brazilian version (USDI-BR), construct. Methods: a methodological study carried out with a snowball probabilistic sample, consisting of 334 undergraduate and graduate students. Confirmatory factor analysis, reliability using McDonald’s omega coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha were performed. Principal component analysis was performed using the varimax rotation and oblimin rotation, using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin criteria, Bartlett’s test of sphericity and scree plot. Results: the USDI-BR presented an internal consistency of items of ω = 0.95 and remained with 30 items, with the addition of 1 factor (Death wish and social withdrawal), totaling 4 factors. Conclusions: the USDI-BR has evidence that points to its validity and also its internal consistency, deserving that new studies be carried out to expand the evidence of its psychometric properties.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of depressive levels and their associated factors among transvestite and transsexual individuals. Methods: this cross-sectional study involved 58 participants assisted by non-governmental organizations. The Beck Depression Inventory was utilized to assess levels of depression, complemented by a sociodemographic questionnaire and a questionnaire on experiences of violence. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: a prevalence of 27.6% (95% CI = 11.50-39.10) for moderate to severe levels of depression was observed. This prevalence was associated with being unmarried (PR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.10-1.28) and experiencing violence in healthcare services (PR = 2.30; 95% CI = 1.10-4.81). Conclusions: the absence of a partner and experiences of violence in healthcare settings negatively impacted mental health, leading to an increased prevalence of depressive symptoms among transvestite and transsexual individuals. Advocating for transgender rights and providing ongoing education in health care for professionals are critical strategies in promoting the mental health of this population.

Abstract: A need exists to better understand the relationships between COVID-19, coping behaviors, physical activity and stress, and COVID-19’s impact on way of life. A cross-sectional study design was used to examine adult physical activity, hope, depression, anxiety, and coping status by gender during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to determine the impact of these variables on the coping process. The study also examined the effect of gender on the relation between physical activity and dependent variables. A global survey instrument was used in this study, including 1,400 Turkish adults. This study identified significant gender-based differences regarding physical activity, hope, depression, anxiety, and coping status of adults, although no significant gender-based difference was found regarding hope scores. Furthermore, physical activity directly influenced coping (β = 0.10), hope (β = 0.12), and anxiety (β = -0.08). Hope directly and positively influenced coping (β = 0.45) and directly and negatively influenced anxiety (β = -0.25) and depression (β = -0.28). Moreover, gender did not directly affect physical activity, but it was associated with decreased coping and increased depression and anxiety. Finally, gender had no effect on the relation between physical activity and hope, coping, depression, and anxiety (p > 0.01). These outcomes support the critical importance of physical activity and hope when coping with COVID-19 regardless of gender.

Objective: to describe and explore the relationship of loneliness, anxiety and depression with adoption of the caregiver role among individuals caring for people with chronic diseases in Colombia. Methods: this was an exploratory and cross-sectional study involving 960 primary caregivers of individuals with chronic diseases. We applied the Caregiver Role Adoption Scale, the University of California at Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, and the Anxiety and Depression Scale. Principal component and multiple correspondence analyses were performed for clustering. Results: among the participating caregivers, 40.8% reported experiencing depression, 59% reported anxiety, 54.6% reported moderate to severe loneliness, and 88.6% reported satisfactory adoption of the caregiver role. Caregivers who presented basic or insufficient role adoption levels tended to have higher scores for anxiety, depression and loneliness. Conclusion: adoption of the caregiver role is a mediator in the anxiety, depression and loneliness levels among caregivers. Strategies aimed at supporting caregivers should include training for the caregiver role to mitigate the negative impacts of anxiety, depression and loneliness.

Abstract This study evaluated the relationship between meta-worries and anxiety and depressive symptoms at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. In March 2020, 2,042 individuals, aged 18-78 years were recruited. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Meta-Worry Questionnaire were administered online. Four logistic regression models were used to estimate the effects of the independent variables on anxiety and/or depressive symptoms with explained variances between 28% and 39%. Being younger, not having a steady income, perceiving oneself as sick, and having a high meta-concern level increased the chances of anxiety and/or depressive symptoms. Finally, we hope to contribute to the screening of factors associated with mental disorders in Brazil at the beginning of the pandemic.

Introduction: The latest researches concerning the effect of the meditation on the well-being show the increased number of meditation proponents due to its benefits to the mental resilience, stress management and also general health. Meditation is increasingly recognized globally for promoting overall well-being. Purpose: This study investigates impact of meditation on mental and physical well-being. It aims at understanding the mechanisms behind the improvements of health, giving special emphasis on its use as a treatment tool and a prevention measure. State of Knowledge: Meditation is validated in terms of the amount of data proving its positive effects on psychological and physical health. Ranging from stress reduction to immune system modulation, cognitive enhancements, and cardiovascular benefits, meditation turns out to be a wide applicability tool. Mediation perception factors such as cultural and social aspects are contrasted, stressing the important of research on its original Buddhist context. Meditation, due to cultural differences, still is a controversial in many areas, especially in social work. Summary: Meditation is a diverse tool for the promotion of the whole person well-being including stress reduction, immunity modulation, enhancement in cognition and cardiovascular health. It is crucial for building resilience, an important part of preventive and clinical psychology, and the medically oriented stress management. Noticing the role of culture, meditation is a significant aid to the improvement of personal, educator, and healthcare provider well-being. Meditation is a versatile tool that can be integrated into various practices, enhancing the overall well-being and life-coping skills of individuals and professionals alike.

ABSTRACT | This study aimed to evaluate the relation between the postural pattern according to the Godelieve Denys-Struyf (GDS) method with postpartum depression and pain in immediate postpartum women. A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 29 women at 1–3 postpartum days. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) assessed depression and Visual Numerical Scale assessed pain score (from 0=no pain to 10=the most intense pain). Postural pattern was categorized into groups according to the deviation plane: axial (anteromedial, posteromedial, anteroposterior, and posteroanterior postures) and relational (anterolateral and posterolateral postures) or mixed, considering upper and lower limbs. Participants’ age ranged from 19 to 41 years, body mass index from 21.4 to 43.8 kg/m 2 . The EPDS scored from 10 to 26 points. In total, 52% women reported pain, but the pain score was similar among postural pattern groups (p=0.77) and not correlated with EPDS (p=0.88). Women’s postural patterns were: mixed (45%), relational (38%), and axial (17%). EPDS score was higher for relational pattern group than axial group (20.45±1.63 vs 15.00±3.24; p=0.01). In conclusion, the mixed postural pattern was the most frequent. The relational postural pattern group (anterolateral and posterolateral posture) presented a higher depression score than the axial postural pattern group. No association was found between postural patterns and the pain score or between pain and postpartum depression.

Introduction and purpose Recently, there has been a significant increase in interest in the dynamically developing field of science, nutripsychiatry, which has contributed to an increase in the number of studies conducted assessing the relationship between the use of a vegetarian nutritional model and its potential therapeutic impact on holistically understood mental health. Material and methods For the purposes of this work, a review of the literature available in the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, was performed using the following keywords: vegetarian diet; depression; psychiatry. Works published before 2015 were excluded from the analysis. During the review of the literature of available scientific texts, attempts were made to comprehensively present the state of current knowledge. State of knowledge Numerous clinical studies support the beneficial effect of a vegetarian diet on mood by improving well-being and lower levels of anxiety and depression. However, there are also studies that did not show a relationship between the diet and the mood of the subjects, as well as studies indicating possible dangers associated with the use of this nutritional model. Conclusions The use of a vegetarian dietary pattern as a potential intervention is a promising method of non-pharmacological support. The amount of available scientific data confirming the beneficial effect of a vegetarian diet on mental health is insufficient to recommend it as a standard form of supporting the treatment of depression. Before implementing a vegetarian nutritional model, it is necessary to assess its safety in the patient and individualize dietary recommendations.

Introduction: Mental disorders are common and still growing problem around the globe. Significantly decreasing quality of life, they are often source of true suffering for patients and their families leading to further health issues or even dramatic outcomes resulting in death. As public awareness rises, more and more people understand risks and tend to look for help as fast as possible. Currently available treatment methods are not always efficient enough to deal with more complex cases. Therefore it is important to look for new therapy options incrementing chances of fast and successful treatment. Results: Studies showed that psilocybin is not only able to lower depression and anxiety scores in patients with major depressive disorders or with serious life-threatening conditions but also proved this effect to be long-lasting. At the same time, no or little adverse side effects were noticed. Conclusions: Psilocybin is potentially a good method for depression treatment in some groups of patients. It should be considered if other, better known therapies show little or no effects.

Abstract Objective This study presents the prevalence and factors associated with comorbidity in screening for depression, anxiety, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive/exploratory study used self-reported DASS-21 to screen for mental health. Results In an online sample, 14.48% (n = 260), 12.42% (n = 223), and 31.12% (n = 559) illegible of participants were screened, respectively, positive for only one, for only two and for all the three outcomes. Being student, having children, using substances, reporting COVID-19 symptoms, reporting worsened emotional state, and previous mental disorders were associated with comorbidity for depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusion Individuals from the studied university’s community experienced psychological disorders, as measured by levels of anxiety, depression, and stress and comorbidity for these outcomes, probably as Covid-19’s initial psychological impact.

Introduction: Migraine is one of the most prevalent types of headache and is a subject of many clinical trials. There are various risk factors associated with migraine occurrence, from hormonal and genetic to environmental. It is observed that some migraineurs have specific psychological features- sometimes called as migraine personality. This encouraged researchers to evaluate migraine patients in terms of psychiatric co-existing conditions. Aim of study: The main aim of the study was to examine the relationship between migraine and psychiatric comorbidities, primarily personality disorders. Materials and methods: This article is based on the literature found in PubMed and Google Scholar Database with the use of keywords such as ”migraine”, “headache factors”, “personality disorder”, “migraine personality”, “migraine education”, “borderline personality disorder”, “anxious personality disorder”, “migraine health”, “depression and migraine”, “medication over-use in migraine”, “migraine comorbidities”, “depression”, “anxiety”. Results: Investigation of available literature revealed the connection between migraine and personality disorders. Psychiatric comorbidities worsen the treatment prognosis, are a risk factor of medication overuse and chronic headaches. Conclusion: Psychiatric comorbidities are frequent among migraineurs. Clinical evaluation of these patients should be complex and contain psychological and psychiatric analysis, especially in patients resistant to standard treatment.

Introduction and purpose N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is one of the more popular drugs, widely available in pharmacies, used to treat wet cough. NAC's diverse mechanism of action has drawn the attention of researchers for its great potential in the treatment of many conditions. Indeed, it has been noted that administration of NAC allows indirect modulation of the central nervous system, which may be important in the treatment of psychiatric diseases. The following review focuses on recent reports of NAC's potentially beneficial effects on psychiatric conditions such as depression, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and addiction. Description of the state of knowledge Based on studies conducted on animals (rats), a positive effect of NAC has been proven, observing a reduction in the severity of depressive symptoms. Based on the above data, more and more human studies are being conducted, where the effect of NAC on the symptoms of various mental conditions is being investigated. In recent years, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neurotransmitter function modulating effects of NAC on the brain have been proven, with significant potential in the treatment of mental illness. Conclusions The potential impact of NAC on the treatment of mental illness is a rapidly developing topic in recent years. On the basis of available scientific data, partial reduction of symptoms of mental illnesses through the use of NAC has been confirmed. It is a very promising drug, which in this indication requires additional studies to unequivocally confirm its beneficial effects on the functioning of the central nervous system.

Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: Los trastornos gastrointestinales funcionales (TGIF) son enfermedades complejas caracterizadas por síntomas gastrointestinales, desprovistos de una patología orgánica subyacente. Son trastornos comunes, crónicos, recurrentes y discapacitantes, que disminuyen de manera significativa la calidad de vida (CdV). El objetivo del presente estudio transversal analítico fue evaluar la CdV y sus correlatos en pacientes adultos con TGIF. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, observacional, basado en hospital, en el departamento de gastroenterología ambulatoria en un hospital universitario de tercer nivel. Se utilizaron los criterios de diagnóstico de ROMA IV para identificar los TGIF. La ansiedad, depresión, estrategias de afrontamiento, apoyo social y CdV fueron evaluados con el índice de ansiedad y depresión en hospital, el inventario de estrategias de afrontamiento, el índice multidimensional del apoyo social percibido y el cuestionario de calidad de vida en trastornos digestivos funcionales, respectivamente. Resultados: De los 52 pacientes consecutivos diagnosticados con TGIF, la dispepsia funcional (51.92%) y el síndrome del intestino irritable (40.38%) fueron los más comunes. No existieron asociaciones significativas entre las variables sociodemográficas (edad, sexo, estado civil, nivel socioeconómico, nivel educativo, empleo, ocupación, patrón alimentario) y las puntuaciones de CdV (todos los valores de p > 0.05). La duración y el apoyo social no estuvieron significativamente asociados con la CdV (todos los valores de p > 0.05). Por otro lado, las variables psicológicas, como el afrontamiento de distanciamiento (r = −0.344, p = 0.012), la depresión (r = −0.600, p = 0.000) y la ansiedad (r = −0.590, p = 0.000), estuvieron significativamente asociados con la CdV. Conclusiones: A pesar de los avances en la neurogastroenterología, los pacientes continúan siendo afectados por los TGIF. Los factores psicológicos, en especial la depresión, contribuyen de manera significativa a una mala CdV en dichos pacientes. Esto debe ser abordado de manera holística y multidisciplinaria. El marco biopsicosocial, en la manera en que es aplicable a los TGIF, debe llevar a la inclusión de evaluaciones psicosociales en el manejo clínico e investigación de dichos trastornos. Abstract: Introduction and aim: Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are complex illnesses characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms, with no underlying organic pathology. They are common, chronic, recurrent, and disabling disorders that significantly impair quality of life (QoL). The aim of the present cross-sectional analytical study was to assess QoL and its correlates in adult patients with FGIDs. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, observational, hospital-based study was conducted at the gastroenterology outpatient department of a tertiary care teaching hospital. The ROME IV diagnostic criteria were used to identify the FGIDs. Anxiety, depression, coping strategies, social support, and QoL were assessed by the hospital anxiety and depression scale, the coping strategies inventory, the multidimensional scale of perceived social support, and the functional digestive disorders quality-of-life questionnaire, respectively. Results: Of the 52 consecutive patients diagnosed with FGIDs, functional dyspepsia (51.92%) and irritable bowel syndrome (40.38%) were the most common. There were no significant associations between sociodemographic variables (age, sex, marital status, socioeconomic status, educational level, employment, occupation, dietary pattern) and QoL scores (all P values > .05). Duration and social support were not significantly associated with QoL (all P values > .05). In contrast, psychological variables, such as disengagement coping (r = −0.344, P = .012), depression (r = −0.600, P = .000), and anxiety (r = −0.590, P = .000), were significantly correlated with QoL. Conclusions: Despite advances in neurogastroenterology, patients continue to be disabled by FGIDs. Psychological factors, especially depression, significantly contribute to poor QoL in those patients and should be addressed in a holistic, multidisciplinary way. The biopsychosocial framework, as it applies to FGIDs, should lead to the inclusion of psychosocial assessments in the clinical management and research of those disorders.

Climate change is one of the main global challenges and influences various aspects of human health. Numerous studies have indeed demonstrated an association between extreme climate-related events and physical and mental health outcomes, but little is still known about the association between the perception/awareness of climate change and mental health. In accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO. The included studies were original observational studies published in English, reporting the association between the perception/awareness of climate change and mental health. A total of 3018 articles were identified. A total of 10 observational studies were included. The period covered in the included studies ranged between 2012 and 2022. Climate change perception is consistently associated with adverse mental health effects across different types of estimates. In particular, the studies identified an association between a higher level of perception/awareness of climate change and depression, anxiety, eco-anxiety, stress, adjustment disorder, substance use, dysphoria, and even thoughts of suicide. Qualitative data underscore the impact on daily activities, contributing to feelings of loss and suicidal ideation. Moreover, climate change perception correlates with lower well-being and resilience. The association between awareness of climate change and mental health is a complex and still poorly explored phenomenon. The main limitations are the high heterogeneity in terms of exposure assessment and data reporting, which hinders quantitative analysis. These results show that climate change perception impacts mental health. Better understanding the phenomenon represents an opportunity to inform public health interventions that promote mental well-being.

Abstract This study aimed to describe the characteristics of the social networks of older adults and to assess associations between social support, functional capacity and mental health. The sample consisted of 134 community-dwelling older adults, assessed in terms of their social network through the Minimum Map of Older Adult Relationships; functional capacity for performance in activities of daily living; depressive symptoms, assessed through the Geriatric Depression Scale and; anxiety, assessed through the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Cluster analyses were performed. The social network was characterized by being informal, functioning as affective support that occurs through visits. Social support perceived as insufficient was more frequent in men, in those who were dependent regarding instrumental activities of daily living, and in those with anxiety and depressive symptoms. Reduced social support networks and lack of support were associated with limitations in functional capacity and worse mental health, sparking debate about the centrality of the family in the provision of support.

Désormais ma demeure by Nicholas Dawson explores the aftermath of depression, which he sees as both the personal site of psychic collapse and the site of exile in his transgenerational composition. The latter is made possible by a queer constellation whose diasporic existence makes it possible to grasp the racialized and gendered practices that are so many habitus and forms of emancipation. The writing appears, in this context, as a story that takes shape in the aftermath of the healing.

The relationship between depression and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not fully understood. The comorbidity rate ranges from 18 to 84%, and depression is closely related to chronic inflammation, which affects how patients and the people around them perceive their condition. This study aims to examine the relationship between the psychophysical and social functioning of COPD patients who have been diagnosed with depression and the therapeutic benefits of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). This prospective study enrolled primary care patients diagnosed with COPD and depression. The entire period of this research was 3 years. The research was conducted at the Primary Health Center, Kragujevac, Serbia, in 87 patients for 8 weeks. The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) and Questionnaire for Quality of Life and Life Satisfaction Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) were used for psychiatric assessment. A positive correlation was found between the psychophysical and social functioning of the participants after 8 weeks of treatment with SSRIs. Based on the value of the phi correlation coefficient (phi = 0.5) obtained using the χ2 test, a large influence was observed in terms of life satisfaction and physical health (p < 0.05). In terms of physical functioning by gender, based on the value of the Pearson’s coefficient (r) obtained with the χ2 test, it was shown that physical functioning was superior in the female respondents (p < 0.05). Treatment was found to improve depression in COPD after 8 weeks of therapy.

Smartphones with their numerous applications have become essential daily equipment, prompting scientific research to deal with the impact of their use on psychosocial health. Under this spectrum, the aim of the present cross-sectional study was to examine the association between nomophobia and the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress, in relation to self-esteem and sociodemographic data, among the young adult population. The study sample consisted of 1408 young adults aged 18–25 years, participating on a voluntary basis with an online anonymous questionnaire. Data were collected through the “Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q)”, “Depression Anxiety Stress Scales—short form (DASS-21)”, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The questionnaire also included socio-demographic characteristics and smartphone use variables. Data analysis showed that women were identified with severe depression and stress to a greater extent than men (63.3% vs. 55.1% for depression and 18.1% vs. 13.8% for stress scale). With respect to nomophobia, participants with severe levels of nomophobia also exhibited severe levels of negative emotional states in all DASS components, i.e., 40.6% in depression, 73.7% in anxiety, and 32.7% in stress (all p values < 0.001). Participants with severe levels of depression and anxiety were very often checking their phone and used it in all daily activities. Moreover, correlation analysis revealed that self-esteem had a moderating effect on the relationship between nomophobia and DASS, a fact that modifies the association between the involved variables: stronger relationships appeared between nomophobia and DASS components in individuals with normal/high self-esteem than in individuals with low self-esteem.

Context: Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S.Irwin & Barnebywhich belongs to Fabaceae family is widely used traditionally in the treatment of various diseases and disorders such as constipation, insomnia, anxiety, epilepsy, malaria and skin diseases. Aims: To investigate the central nervous system (CNS) depressant effect of 70% ethanol extract of S. spectabilis leaves (70SSEE) using different neuropharmacological models in mice. Methods: The CNS depressant effect of 70SSEE was investigated by the classical models of depression as elevated plus maze (EPM), hole cross (HC), and thiopental sodium (TS)-induced sleeping time tests in mice. The EPM test was used to assess the anxiolytic activity of 70SSEE at doses of 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg, while HC and TS-induced sleeping time tests at doses of 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg were used to assess the locomotor and sedative activity in mice. Results: In EPM test, 70SSEE at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly (p

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused substantial disruptions in the lives of higher education students, with detrimental repercussions for academic performance and overall mental health. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among Portuguese higher education students during the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic and investigate DASS-21’s psychometric characteristics and whether it functions effectively during a pandemic. A convenience sampling procedure was used to recruit 1522 participants (75.1% women and 79.2% undergraduate students) for this cross-sectional research. Participants completed an e-survey created using DASS-21. The results revealed a considerable prevalence of symptoms of depression [≥10] (N = 434, 28.5%), anxiety [≥7] (N = 551, 36.2%), and stress [≥11] (N = 544, 35.7%). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed the scale’s three-factor structure, which matched the three DASS-21 subscales. Subsequently, the heterotrait–monotrait (HTMT) correlation ratio evaluated the scale’s discriminant validity, which was relatively good. Cronbach’s alpha measured the internal consistency of the DASS subscales, which was excellent (Cronbach’s α > 0.90). DASS-21 was shown to be a reliable and appropriate measure for assessing students’ mental health. Furthermore, DASS-21 is recommended for use by academics and healthcare professionals in measuring students’ psychological distress. Further validation studies of this scale are needed with larger and more representative samples.

Previous research has suggested a favorable impact of self-kindness on subjective well-being. The present experiment investigated the effects of an app-assisted self-kindness intervention for increasing self-esteem and self-face gaze, and for decreasing depression. We explored self-face processing via a time-course analysis of eye-tracking data. Eighty participants (56 female, 24 male; mean age: 23.2 years) were randomly allocated to one of two intervention groups, each receiving daily instructions to enhance either self-kindness or relaxation (active control). Following a one-week intervention period, both groups reported improved self-esteem (p = .035, ηpart2 = .068) and reduced depression (p < .001, ηpart2 = .17). The duration of self-face gaze increased in both groups (p < .001, ηpart2 = .21). Self-face processing was characterized by an early automatic attention bias toward the self-face, with a subsequent reduction in self-face bias, followed in turn by an attentional self-face reapproach, and then a stable self-face bias. We thus identified a complex temporal pattern of self-face inspection, which was not specifically altered by the intervention. This research sheds light on the potential for app-assisted interventions to positively impact psychological well-being, while also highlighting the complexity of self-face processing dynamics in this context. In the future, we propose the inclusion of personalized self-kindness statements, which may amplify the benefits of these interventions.

The Perth Empathy Scale (PES) is a 20-item self-report questionnaire that assesses people’s ability to recognize emotions in others (i.e., cognitive empathy) and vicariously experience other’s emotions (i.e., affective empathy), across positive and negative emotions. Originally developed in English, the aim of our study was to introduce the first Polish version of the PES and test its psychometric performance. Our sample was 318 people (184 females, 134 males) with ages ranging from 18 to 77. The factor structure was verified with confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was tested in terms of internal consistency and test–retest reliability. To explore convergent, divergent, and discriminant validity, we examined relationships between the PES and measures of depression, anxiety, and emotional intelligence. It was shown that the scale was characterized by the intended four-factor solution, thus supporting factorial validity. The internal consistency reliability was also good and test–retest reliability was moderate. The convergent, divergent, and discriminant validity were strong. The clinical importance of assessing affective empathy across both positive and negative emotions was supported. Overall, our results therefore suggest that the Polish version of the PES has strong psychometric performance and clinical relevance as a measure of the multidimensional empathy construct.

El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar los niveles de ansiedad y depresión en relación con los diferentes tipos de confinamiento experimentados durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Suramérica. El estudio se enmarcó en un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño analítico no experimental de carácter transversal y multicéntrico. La muestra estuvo compuesta por individuos mayores de 18 años que experimentaron el confinamiento relacionado con la COVID-19 en Suramérica en el año 2020 y que manifestaron su disposición a participar en la investigación, completando de manera adecuada un formulario (n=16,811). La recopilación de datos se efectuó a través de un formulario en línea y se utilizó la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión de Golbert. Los resultados más relevantes revelaron una predominancia del género femenino (87%) y una edad que varió entre los 18 y 79 años, con una media de 30.76 años y una desviación estándar de 11.82 años. En lo que respecta al tipo de confinamiento, la mayoría de los participantes indicó que fue de carácter voluntario (50.5%). Se constató que un 93.5% de los encuestados presentó indicios de ansiedad, mientras que un 93.4% mostró signos de depresión. Es importante destacar que se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p

Abstract Objective The present study sought to investigate changes in mood, inhibitory control, and working memory associated with T. gondii infection in a sample of Brazilian women. Method Twenty-eight female participants were equally distributed into two groups, according to the serology for chronic infection by T. gondii. The participants answered a Sociodemographic questionnaire, the CES-D, and performed Simon and N-Back tasks. Results Infected participants presented less accuracy and longer response time in N-Back tasks. No significant differences were found in the Simon task performance or in the depression levels. Conclusion Our findings suggest that chronic infection by T. gondii may result in impaired working memory and point out the importance of public policies aiming at preventing this infection.

Background: Mental health is an important issue in general practice/family medicine. The Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety (PHQ-4) allows depression and anxiety screening and psychologic distress evaluation. PHQ-4 cross-cultural adaptation and concurrent validation was the objective of this paper in a population of general practice/family medicine (GP/FM) doctors. Methods: Translation, linguistic verification and back-translation, internal consistency, and reliability of the final translated tool were performed for the cultural adaptation of the PHQ-4 scale. The European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions 3L (EQ-5D-3L) scale and the “Sentimentos Negativos – Negative Feelings”, subscale of the “Questionário da Avaliação da Sobrecarga da Gestão da Multimorbilidade em Medicina Geral e Familiar – Questionnaire of Evaluation of Burden of Management of Multimorbidity in General Practice and Family Medicine” [SoGeMM-MGF]) were used for concurrent validation. Descriptive, inferential, and correlational statistics were used, according to the distribution of data, with a p-value of

Introduction Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, with its prevalence on the rise. The use of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), primarily including mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), in MDD is scientifically justified. But will every population subgroup benefit from such an approach? Aim of the study The aim of our study is to analyze, based on the latest scientific findings, the effects of MBIs within specific subgroups of patients suffering from depression, including adolescents, elderly patients, cancer patients, individuals experiencing postnatal and perinatal depression, and patients with chronic pain. Additionally, we sought to summarize the current knowledge regarding the structural and functional effects of MBIs on the human brain. Materials and methods We conducted a comprehensive search of scientific databases including PubMed and Google Scholar to identify relevant articles focusing on MBIs and their effects on treating depression within various subgroups. Additionally, we performed a review of literature available on PubMed and Google Scholar to summarize the current knowledge regarding the impact of MBIs on the human brain. Conclusions Across various subgroups MBIs show promise in reducing depressive symptoms, indicating their potential as adjunctive treatments or preventive measures. While longer intervention durations are associated with larger effects, further research is needed to establish a solid evidence base, particularly in older populations and cancer patients with different cancer types.

This narrative review critically examines the utilization of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in managing coexisting depression and heart failure (HF), integrating findings from various studies, clinical trials, and observational data. SSRIs, pivotal in treating mood and anxiety disorders by elevating synaptic serotonin levels, have been observed to potentially impact cardiovascular health. Specifically, SSRIs like sertraline show promise in enhancing endothelial function and exerting anti-inflammatory effects, which are beneficial in conditions like HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Furthermore, SSRIs demonstrate favorable outcomes in reducing platelet aggregation and modulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), suggesting a multifaceted role in HF management. However, their safety profile, particularly concerning bleeding risks, QTc prolongation, and drug interactions, necessitates careful consideration. Despite theoretical and molecular evidence supporting SSRIs' beneficial effects in HF, clinical data remain inconclusive, highlighting the need for further research. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of SSRIs' effectiveness, safety, and potential benefits in treating depression and HF, offering insights for evidence-based decision-making and future research directions.

Abstract Objective Emotional dysregulation, family and social support are associated with depression. The present study aims to explore, by path analysis, relationships between these variables. Method The path analysis method was applied, and, additionally, comparisons of the means were made between participants with and without a diagnosis of depression and suicide attempts. The sample consisted of 712 Brazilians (M = 23.8; SD = 8.13), 66.7% of whom were women. Results The results show a correlation between both types of support for emotional dysregulation and depression. Emotional dysregulation was found to be an associated variable in depression. Positive correlations were observed between emotional dysregulation and depression. Both were negatively correlated with family and social support. Conclusion People with a diagnosis and previous suicide attempts had higher averages in emotional dysregulation and depression, and lower averages in family and social support.

Background: Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is an abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina that causes persistent urinary incontinence. Management in this case tends to be difficult and has the potential to experience recurrence. Aim: This study aims to describe the psychosocial condition of vesicovaginal fistula patients at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya Indonesia. Method: This research is a cross sectional study with descriptive analysis. The data used is the medical record data Dr. Soetomo in 2017. The Psychosocial Condition is Measured by Measuring Depression Using the Beck Depression Index (BDI). Patients interview by telephone. The Data Obtained were analysed descriptively. Results: 14 Patients out of 20 people were successfully interviewed. More than half of the respondents were aged 46-55 years. Most respondent had finished senior high school education. Most respondent were ethnic Javanese and did not work. Nearly half of the respondents experienced depression. Only 2 patients did not undergo surgery. Nearly half of the respondents were referral patients. There were 2 patients who had moderate depression. Most of the causes of fistulas experienced were gynaecological operations. Based on the results of the interviews, it was found that the most common complaints were sleep disturbances, weight loss, decreased appetite, and interest in sexual function. Conclusion: Doctors and health workers need to carry out management and prevention of depression in patients with vesicovaginal fistula in the hospital.

Introduction: University students are exposed to academic demands that could impact mental health and trigger suicidal behaviors. Objective: To analyze the mental health conditions (depression, anxiety, and social support) and suicide risk in Costa Rican university students. Materials and Methods: Correlational, predictive, and cross-sectional research was conducted. A census sample of 76 university students was included. Variables encompassed sociodemographic data, social support measured by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, depression measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II, anxiety measured by the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and suicide risk measured by the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale. An online survey was used. Descriptive analysis, variance analysis, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression were performed. Significance level set at p

Abstract Objectives The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and subsequent lockdowns and social distancing measures adopted worldwide raised questions about the possible health effects of human social isolation. Methods We conducted a systematic review on PubMed, Scopus, and Embase electronic databases using terms related to human social isolation – defined as the isolation of an individual from regular routines and usual social contact – and psychological stress, searching for simulated or naturalistic isolation environments. We present the main results, as well as the validity and limitations of each model. PROSPERO registry number: CRD42021241880. Results Despite the diversity of contexts reviewed, some outcomes almost ubiquitously relate to psychological stress, i.e., longer periods, expectation of a longer period, confinement, lack of social interaction, and support. Based on the results, and considering that most studies were not designed for the purpose of understanding isolation itself, we propose a group of recommendations for future experimental or naturalistic research on the topic. Conclusion Evidence on the impact of different situations in which individuals are subjected to social isolation can assist in development of directed preventive strategies to support people under similar circumstances. Such strategies might increase the general public’s compliance with social distancing as a non-pharmacological intervention for emerging infectious diseases.

Abstract Objective This systematic review aims to describe the relationship between psychological resilience and mood disorders. Methods This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. The following databases were searched on November 6, 2020: PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase. Results Twenty-three articles were included and the majority of the studies included (95.7%) showed that psychological resilience has a positive impact in mood disorders. Our meta-analysis showed that individuals with bipolar disorder presented significantly lower levels of psychological resilience compared to controls (standardized mean difference [SDM]: -0.99 [95% confidence interval {95%CI}: -1.13 to -0.85], p < 0.001). In addition, individuals with depression had significantly lower levels of psychological resilience compared to controls (SDM: -0.71 [95%CI -0.81 to -0.61], p < 0.001). Conclusion Our results showed that individuals with mood disorders are less resilient than individuals without mood disorders. Our findings reinforce the importance of investigating interventions that may help to improve psychological resilience considering its positive impact in the context of mood disorders.