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The Gospels passages describe John the Baptist’s ascetic behaviour in the Judean desert, eating locusts and wild honey, wearing garments made of camel hair. The food choices of St. John are analysed in comparison with the practice of nazirite, and also on the light of Eastern tradition, mostly spread in Syriac Christianity, which interpretation differs, underlining a particular form of ascetism completely characterised by vegetables. Commentaries, mostly dating back to the 4th and 5th centuries, explain the word ‘akrides’ as a particular vegetable. Furthermore, the celebration of St. John’s Eve, as a result of medieval western development, is nowadays characterized by abundance of food, in contrast, with the Gospel description of the life of the Baptist, are compared with the tradition of charivari, known since the Middle Ages.

Objetivo: determinar el efecto de dos tipos de ayuno sobre parámetros de satisfacción, náuseas, vómito, presión arterial y glucometría en pacientes sometidos a procedimientos de intervencionismo percutáneo bajo anestesia local en un servicio de hemodinámica en Medellín, 2019. Metodología: ensayo clínico aleatorizado abierto de dos brazos en pacientes sometidos a procedimientos de intervencionismo percutáneo bajo anestesia local durante tres meses. Cada brazo con 153 participantes; se asignó un ayuno de seis horas y al grupo de exposición un ayuno de dos horas para alimentos de fácil digestión; no hubo cega­miento, se realizó cálculo de muestra, y se hizo análisis univariado, bivariado y modelo de regresión logística con la variable satisfacción. Resultados: en el grupo de ayuno de seis horas el 2.6% presentó náuseas y en el grupo de exposición el 1.3%; se observó un caso de vómito. La presión arterial y glucometría mostraron diferencias estadísticas sin relevancia clínica. Se encontró significancia esta­dística para mareo, cefalea, hambre, sed y tipo de ayuno respecto con la satisfacción del paciente. Los pacientes con ayuno tuvieron un puntaje de satisfacción entre 60 y 100 y los de dieta ligera entre 82.5 y 100 puntos. Conclusiones: El ayuno de dos horas en dieta ligera mejora la satisfacción de los pa­cientes, disminuye la sensación de hambre, sed, presencia de cefalea y mareo, compa­rado con un ayuno de seis horas. Este estudio no encontró diferencias en las variables hemodinámicas ni en la frecuencia de náuseas y vómito.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain major problem in modern medicine. According to World Health Organization they are the leading cause of death. Despite increased awareness about impact of healthy lifestyle, mortality still remains on high level. Cardiovascular diseases requires multidisciplinary treatment. One of those aspects is determinate an appropriate diet. Purpose: The aim of this systemic review is to collect, evaluate and summarize the information on fasting mimicking diets and it is effect on therapy and prevention in cardiovascular diseases. Material and methods: Analysis and review of available literature. The search of articles in popular scientific databases such as PubMed, Google Schoolar WHO database State of knowledge: Risky behavior include unhealthy diet, tobacco use, physical inactivity, alcohol abuse. Those behaves lead obesity, raised blood pressure, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia. Those factors have significant impact on the increase of cardiovascular diseases in the population. Fasting and calorie restriction are becoming more and more popular. Results: Many studies indicate that fasting mimicking diet can prevent from excessive fat accumulation, obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension As a result it decreases probability of cardiovascular diseases. Those diets not only support weight loss, but also can help maintain good health and extend lifespan.

Commercial laying hens are kept in production until approximately 80 weeks of life, when the first production cycle usually ends, after which they are often discarded due to the decrease in the number of eggs produced and shell quality. However, in situations of high demand for eggs in the market, high feed prices and delays in the supply of one-day-old chicks by hatcheries lead producer to prolong the laying lifetime of birds. The technique used for this purpose is forced molting, which aims to make the reproductive system of the bird rest for a period and then regenerate its productive capacity. This can increase the useful lifetime of laying hens for another 25 to 30 weeks, in addition to improving the quality of the eggs and reducing the level of losses due to poor shell quality. This process induces the loss of feathers, with subsequent growth of new feathers and rapid resumption of egg production, which should take at most 6 to 8 weeks. The best-known forced molting procedure is the fasting method (total feed deprivation for a period of at least 9 days). Fasting as a stimulator of forced molting is a controversial practice due to animal welfare concerns, and has been widely questioned, generating criticism of the current system adopted. In this way, new techniques of forced molting have are being developed to reduce the stress generated in the birds, such as administration of alternative feeds. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the replacement of fasting with provision of alternative feeds, in order to improve the welfare of the birds through the use of less aggressive technique. Seventy-two heavy laying hens of the Hy-Line W-80 strain, with 105 weeks of age at the beginning of forced molting, were evaluated. The birds were distributed in a completely randomized design, divided into six treatments with 12 replications each (n=72): T1-conventional forced molting (fasting); T2- provision of standard feed ad libitum throughout the forced molting period; T3-provision of rice bran ad libitum during forced molting; T4-provision of wheat bran ad libitum during forced molting; T5- provision of coarse-grained limestone ad libitum during forced molting; and T6- provision of ground alfalfa ad libitum during forced molting. Data on the decrease in egg production during forced molting were analyzed by mixed models (SASr), including the fixed effects of treatment, day and treatment x day interaction, while the bird/animal effect was used as the random effect. Means were compared by the Tukey test (P