10 results on '"increasing returns"'
Search Results
2. Breaking Say’s law in a simple market economy model
- Author
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Carlos Humberto Ortiz Quevedo and Rodrigo Castillo Rentería
- Subjects
Extent of the market ,capital property distribution ,non-homothetic preferences ,satiable preferences ,increasing returns ,economic activity ,Social Sciences ,Economic history and conditions ,HC10-1085 - Abstract
This paper analyses a multi-sector market economy where preferences are non-homothetic and satiable. Capital and labour are the production factors. Food and manufactured goods are produced with a constant-returns-to-scale technology and an increasing-returns-to-scale technology, respectively. Results include: an original capital accumulation process is required for manufacturing industrialization to take place, a minimum market size is needed for the economy to operate, and capital property concentration diminishes aggregate demand. Full general equilibrium is possible for intermediate degrees of capital concentration, but the price system collapses under high degrees as an economy regulator, labour unemployment is unavoidable, and a minimum wage is justified to enhance economic activity.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Comercio y Geografía Económica: una nota sobre la contribución de Krugman a la teoría económica
- Author
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hector mauricio posada and Juan Esteban Vélez Villegas
- Subjects
Increasing returns ,monopolistic competition ,Paul Krugman ,new trade theory ,new economic geography. ,Economic history and conditions ,HC10-1085 ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present the major contributions of Paul Krugman to economic theory. It shows the contribution and influence that articles of 1979 and 1991 have exerted on the renewal of trade theory and the emergence of new economic geography. In these articles, Krugman successfully explains intraindustry trade, trade among developed countries and agglomeration processes, all these phenomena of great importance that had not been satisfactorily explained from the point of view of standard neoclassical models. To do so, he uses a theoretical framework that incorporates monopolistic competition and increasing returns to scale.
- Published
- 2008
4. ¿Por qué 'El milagro del interés compuesto' lleva a las crisis financieras?
- Author
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Michael Hudson
- Subjects
Increasing returns ,compound rate of interest ,financialization ,Ponzi finance ,asset-price-inflation ,bubble economy ,Economic history and conditions ,HC10-1085 ,Economic theory. Demography ,HB1-3840 ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
In this paper I want to discuss the financial sector’s tendency to dominate, deflate and polarize economies, thwarting economic potential. Understanding these financial dynamics is essential to explain why all nations are not operating up to the technological potential toward which classical liberalism aimed, and why the world economy is polarizing, as are domestic economies even in the most advanced industrial nations.
- Published
- 2009
5. Regional employment and wages. The effects of transport costs and market potential. An application for Argentina
- Author
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Pedro E. Moncarz
- Subjects
economic geography ,market potential ,spatial agglomeration ,increasing returns ,transport costs ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 ,Statistics ,HA1-4737 - Abstract
Economic activity in Argentina shows a high degree of concentration, in 1993 almost 46% of GDP was generated in an area representing just 0.14% of the country. When looking at the manufacturing sector the concentration is still higher. The new economic geography models developed since the early nineties explain the location of economic activity across regions as the result of two opposite forces, centripetal and centrifugal. As trade costs are reduced, the relative strength of these two forces changes, such that we might also expect changes in the regional structure of production and wages. How trade liberalising policies might have affected the structure of production and wages across regions is the topic we try to make a contribution. The evidence points out that the further reduction of trade barriers during the nineties might have had a small effect on the regional structure of employment and wages across counties, at least in the short-run.
- Published
- 2007
6. IMPLICACIONES DE UNA TEORÍA DEL CRECIMIENTO ENDÓGENO EN EL CONCEPTO MACROECONÓMICO DE RENDIMIENTOS CRECIENTES DE ALLYN YOUNG
- Author
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Currie, Lauchlin and Sandilands, Roger
- Subjects
rendimientos crecientes ,teoría macroeconómica ,endogenous growth ,demanda recíproca ,reciprocal demand ,self-sustaining growth ,increasing returns ,crecimiento endógeno ,crecimiento auto sostenido ,macroeconomic theory - Abstract
RESUMEN En este artículo Lauchlin Currie aclara la teoría macroeconómica de los "rendimientos crecientes" de Allyn Young, quien tanto influyó en sus propuestas de política para Colombia. Esta teoría se deriva del énfasis de Adam Smith en que la competencia y la movilidad amplían el tamaño de la demanda recíproca y real (diferenciada claramente dela demanda monetaria inflacionaria). De esto surge, endógenamente, la mayor especialización como fuente primordial de crecimiento auto sostenido, por la difusión recíproca de economías externas. En cambio, otras teorías endógenas enfatizan las economías de escala internas y los mayores insumos de trabajo y capital -cuyas contribuciones se miden por sus ingresos-, el progreso técnico impulsado por el proteccionismo y las ganancias monopólicas. ABSTRACT In this article, Lauchlin Currie clarifies the macroeconomic theory of Allyn Young's "increasing returns", which influenced Currie's policy proposals for Colombia. His theory arises from Adam Smith's classical emphasis on how competition and mobility extend the size of real reciprocal market supply and demand (sharply differentiated from inflationary monetary demand). From this arises, endogenously, greater specialization as a primary source of self-sustaining growth, through the mutual diffusion of external economies. On the other hand, other endogenous theories emphasize the internal economies of scale and greater input of labour and capital -whose contributions are measured by their income-, technical progress driven by protectionism and monopolistic profits.
- Published
- 2013
7. ORIGEN Y EVOLUCIÓN DE LA TEORÍA DEL CRECIMIENTO IMPULSADO POR LA DEMANDA REAL
- Author
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Cómbita, Gonzalo
- Subjects
O31 ,demanda real ,demande réelle ,L52 ,changement structurel ,croissance économique ,increasing returns ,crecimiento económico ,crecimiento económico, rendimientos crecientes, cambio estructural, sectores líderes, demanda real ,rendements croissants ,economic growth ,jel:B59 ,lcsh:Economic history and conditions ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,lcsh:H ,rendimientos crecientes ,sectores líderes ,structural change ,leading sector ,lcsh:HC10-1085 ,O40 ,secteurs de pointe ,cambio estructural - Abstract
El artículo estudia el origen y evolución de la teoría del crecimiento endógeno a las fuerzas del mercado, desde la óptica de Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall, Allyn Young y Lauchlin Currie, quienes introdujeron aportes significativos, al presentar nuevos conceptos y precisar o cambiar el significado de los ya existentes. Esta teoría entiende que la economía progresa continuamente mediante sucesivas reorganizaciones de los procesos productivos, lo cual produce un aumento acumulativo de la demanda real, reflejado en un continuo desequilibrio dentro de la economía. Lo anterior significa una crítica fuerte a las visiones tradicionales del crecimiento económico y un campo de investigación fértil. The present article exposes the origin and evolution of the economic theory from the endogenous growth to the market forces through the optics of Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall, Allyn Young, and Lauchlin Currie, who introduced significant contributions, by presenting new concepts and by specifying or changing the meaning of existing ones. This theory understands that the economy continually progresses through successive reorganizations of productive processes, which produce an accumulative increase of the real demand reflected in a continuous imbalance inside the economy. The mentioned above means a strong critic to the traditional visions of the economic growth and a fertile field of investigation. Cet article analyse l'origine et l'évolution de la théorie de la croissance endogène aux forces du marché, suivant le point de vue d'Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall, Allyn Young et Lauchlin Currie. Ces auteurs ont offert d'importantes contributions, après avoir présenté de nouveaux concepts et de spécifier ou de modifier le sens de ceux qui existaient déjà. Cet ensemble de théories considère que l'économie progresse continuellement à travers des réorganisations successives du processus de production, ce qui entraîne une augmentation cumulative de la demande réelle, impliquant un déséquilibre persistant à l´intérieur de l'économie. Cela permet de fonder une forte critique des conceptions traditionnelles de la croissance économique et un champ de recherche fertile.
- Published
- 2012
8. ¿por qué 'el milagro del interés compuesto' lleva a las crisis financieras?
- Author
-
Hudson, Michael
- Subjects
lcsh:HB1-3840 ,asset-price-inflation ,compound rate of interest ,lcsh:HB71-74 ,debt peonage ,lcsh:Economic theory. Demography ,financialization ,lcsh:HC10-1085 ,lcsh:Economics as a science ,Ponzi finance ,bubble economy ,Increasing returns ,lcsh:Economic history and conditions - Abstract
In this paper I want to discuss the financial sector’s tendency to dominate, deflate and polarize economies, thwarting economic potential. Understanding these financial dynamics is essential to explain why all nations are not operating up to the technological potential toward which classical liberalism aimed, and why the world economy is polarizing, as are domestic economies even in the most advanced industrial nations.
- Published
- 2009
9. Commerce et géographie économique: Une note sur la contribution de Krugman à la théorie économique
- Author
-
Posada, Héctor Mauricio and Vélez, Juan Esteban
- Subjects
concurrence monopolistique ,nouvelle géographie économique ,competencia monopolística ,Paul Krugman ,Rendements croissants ,nueva geografía económica ,nueva teoría del comercio ,new economic geography ,new trade theory ,monopolistic competition ,Increasing returns ,Rendimientos crecientes ,nouvelle théorie du commerce - Abstract
El objetivo de esta nota es presentar la contribución de Paul Krugman a la teoría económica. Se muestra el aporte y la influencia que tienen sus artículos de 1979 y 1991 en la renovación de la teoría del comercio y la aparición de la nueva geografía económica. En especial, se muestra que Krugman crea un marco teórico que permite explicar fenómenos como el comercio intraindustrial, el comercio entre los países desarrollados y los procesos de aglomeración, bajo escenarios de competencia monopolística y de rendimientos crecientes a escala. El interés de la contribución de Krugman estriba en que estos fenómenos no habían podido ser explicados satisfactoriamente por el modelo neoclásico estándar. The purpose of this paper is to present the major contributions of Paul Krugman to economic theory. It shows the contribution and influence that articles of 1979 and 1991 have exerted on the renewal of trade theory and the emergence of new economic geography. In these articles, Krugman successfully explains intraindustry trade, trade among developed countries and agglomeration processes, all these phenomena of great importance that had not been satisfactorily explained from the point of view of standard neoclassical models. To do so, he uses a theoretical framework that incorporates monopolistic competition and increasing returns to scale. Cet article présente la contribution de Paul Krugman à la théorie économique. Nous montrons l.influence et la portée des articles parus 1979 et 1991 dans le renouvellement de la théorie du commerce et l'apparition de la nouvelle géographie économique. Plus précisément, on montre que Krugman établi un cadre théorique qui permet d'expliquer les phénomènes du commerce intra-industriel, du commerce entre les pays développés et les processus d'agglomération, en adoptant l.hypothèse de concurrence monopolistique et de rendements d'échelle croissants. C.est ainsi que les modèles de Krugman expliquent certains phénomènes qui n'avaient pas pu être expliqués de manière satisfaisante par la théorie néoclassique traditionnelle.
- Published
- 2008
10. Trade and economic geography : a note on Krugman's contribution to economic theory
- Author
-
Posada Duque, Héctor Mauricio and Vélez Villegas, Juan Esteban
- Subjects
Krugman, Paul R ,Economía - Escuelas y teorías ,Economic geography ,Geografía económica ,Increasing returns ,Monopolistic competition - Abstract
RESUMEN: El objetivo de esta nota es presentar la contribución de Paul Krugman a la teoría económica. Se muestra el aporte y la influencia que tienen sus artículos de 1979 y 1991 en la renovación de la teoría del comercio y la aparición de la nueva geografía económica. En especial, se muestra que Krugman crea un marco teórico que permite explicar fenómenos como el comercio intraindustrial, el comercio entre los países desarrollados y los procesos de aglomeración, bajo escenarios de competencia monopolística y de rendimientos crecientes a escala. El interés de la contribución de Krugman estriba en que estos fenómenos no habían podido ser explicados satisfactoriamente por el modelo neoclásico estándar. ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to present the major contributions of Paul Krugman to economic theory. It shows the contribution and influence that articles of 1979 and 1991 have exerted on the renewal of trade theory and the emergence of new economic geography. In these articles, Krugman successfully explains intraindustry trade, trade among developed countries and agglomeration processes, all these phenomena of great importance that had not been satisfactorily explained from the point of view of standard neoclassical models. To do so, he uses a theoretical framework that incorporates monopolistic competition and increasing returns to scale.
- Published
- 2008
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