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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe psychological condition resulting from traumatic experiences, leading to long-term physiological changes in the body. It affects mental health and induces hormonal imbalances that disrupt the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, influencing multiple organ systems. While PTSD is often linked with comorbid conditions like depression and anxiety, its effects on the hepatobiliary system are less understood. Aim. This study aimed to assess PTSD's impact on liver morphology in rats of different sexes and compare the severity of changes between males and females, contributing to the understanding of stress-related physiological effects. Materials and Methods. The experiment involved 40 Wistar rats, divided into control and PTSD-induced groups for both sexes. A validated stress induction protocol was used, followed by a thorough morphological analysis of liver specimens fixed in 10% formalin and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Histopathological evaluation focused on liver architecture, hepatocyte condition, vascular integrity, and cellular organization. Results. Control animals displayed standard liver structure, while PTSD-induced groups exhibited significant morphological changes, such as dystrophic alterations in hepatocytes, congestion in hepatic veins, and the formation of blood clots. Female rats showed more pronounced changes than males, including hepatocyte swelling and vacuolization, indicating heightened cellular stress and reduced regenerative capacity. Conclusions. The findings highlight that PTSD-related liver changes were more significant in female rats, emphasizing the importance of considering gender differences in stress-related disorders. These alterations suggest a complex interaction between chronic psychological stress and liver physiology, warranting further research on mechanisms by which PTSD affects the hepatobiliary system and potential therapeutic interventions. for at-risk populations.

Introduction. Combined trauma remains an urgent problem in medicine because it is the leading cause of death in victims of working age. Among the main causes of death in the prehospital stage among the injured is massive blood loss and further development of organ dysfunction, including lung. In recent years, significant progress has been made in providing assistance to victims of massive blood loss, but the impact of ischemia-reperfusion of the extremities in the development of systemic changes remains unresolved.Objective of the research: to study morphological changes in lung tissue in the model of combined abdominal trauma, massive blood loss and ischemia - reperfusion of the lower extremities.Materials and methods. To conduct the experimental study used 80 adult white male rats of the Wistar line weighing 190-220 g. The experimental animals were in the standard diet of vivarium.The experimental animals were divided into the following groups: control and 3 experimental (8 animals in each group). In animals of the first experimental group under thiopental-sodium disorder (40 mg kg-1) proximal to the lower limbs was imposed hemostatic plait for a period of 120 min. In the second experimental group, a combined injury of the abdominal organs was simulated by applying two metered blows to the abdominal area; hypovolemic shock was modeled by blood flow from 20 to 22% of circulating blood volume from the femoral vessels. In the third experimental group, the combined injury of the abdominal organs, massive blood loss and reperfusion of the extremities was modeled. Animals in the control group were administered only in anesthesia.The animals of the experimental groups were removed from the experiment under conditions of thiopental sodium anesthesia by total blood flow from the heart after 1, 3 and 7 days after modeling trauma. Pulmonary tissue was collected for the study.For histological examination, the lower lobe of the right lung was removed, which was fixed in 10% formalin solution, after which the macrodrug was compacted in paraffin. Sections were obtained on a microtome followed by staining with hematoxylin eosin. After fixation of sections on individual slides studied the structure of the lungs in the study groups. Used equipment: LOMO Biolam I microscope; system of digital display of images of histological preparations. Particular attention in the study was paid to changes in the parenchyma and the main structural components of the lungs.Results and Discussion. In the simulation of ischemia-reperfusion in the early periods in animals, changes were visualized from the first day in the form of endothelial lesions, increased perivascular edema, and cellular infiltration with signs of acute inflammation up to 3 days of experiment and formation of dyslectases up to 7 days of the experiment. When modeling closed abdominal trauma and massive blood loss in the lungs, structural changes increase from the first day of the experiment in the form of a sharp decrease in blood supply, lymphoplasmic infiltration of the stroma of the interalveolar septa, and the appearance of segmental leukocytes from 1 day of the experiment. After 3 days in the lumen of the vessels appear manifestations of erythrocyte aggregation and the formation of small parietal thrombi and pronounced dystrophic-necrotic changes in pneumocytes. After 7 days of the experiment, the acute manifestations are somewhat reduced, but there are pronounced dystrophic changes of the epithelium and pronounced lympho-plasmacytic infiltration of the stroma of the interalveolar septa, dystelectasis.Closed abdominal trauma, massive blood loss, and ischemic-reperfusion syndrome in the early periods in the lungs were manifested by pronounced structural changes: thickening of the interalveolar septa due to intensive infiltration of lymphoplasmocytes, especially on day 3 of the experiment with a moderate inflammatory reaction. After 7 days of the experiment, the cellular and inflammatory infiltration of the stroma and dystrophic manifestations decreased slightly. The obtained data indicate the development of systemic changes in experimental animals and a significant increase in the possibility of developing multiple organ failure syndromes. This indicates the need for further study of the effects of reperfusion in the context of combined trauma and, accordingly, the development of effective means of correction.Conclusions. Ischemia-reperfusion of the extremities alone and in combination with other injuries causes changes in lung tissue from the first day, progression to the third day of observation and a slight decrease in manifestations up to 7 days of the experiment. The results of the study suggest that ischemia-reperfusion is an important traumatic component in combined trauma.

The paper proposes a method for optimizing the prediction of the development of morphological disorders of skeletal muscle in experimental acute ischemia-reperfusion based on combined changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection. The approach is based on the use of neural network clustering.The purpose of the study – to propose a method for optimizing the prediction of the severity of morphological disorders in experimental acute ischemia-reperfusion on the basis of combined changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection by neural network clustering.The experimental model of ischemic-reperfusion lesion was represented by five groups of rats with reperfusion terms of 1 and 2 hours, 1 day, 7 and 14 days (18 animals each). Acute limb ischemia-reperfusion was simulated by applying SWAT rubber tourniquets on the hind right limb of animals for two hours under thiopental-sodium anesthesia. Histological examination was performed at the Department of Pathological Anatomy with a sectional course and forensic medicine of I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University of Ministry of Health of Ukraine according to generally accepted methods. Determination of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in the blood serum of each experimental group of rats was performed by the Central Research Laboratory of I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University of Ministry of Health of Ukraine. For in-depth analysis and clustering of the indicators of the studied groups in order to optimize the prediction of the course of ischemic-reperfusion lesion, a neural network approach was used using the NeuroXL Classifier add-in for Microsoft Excel. The greatest prognostic value in relation to the severity of morphological disorders in the early reperfusion period according to the data of neural network clustering have combined changes in the level of TBA-active products and catalase.

ABSTRACT Eustachys retusa has low sensitivity to glyphosate at the reproductive stage. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of glyphosate on adult E. retusa plants in order to identify the traits that make possible their regeneration in no-tillage systems. For this purpose, reproductive-stage specimens from wild populations were treated with glyphosate at two different rates (480 and 1,200 g a.i. ha-1) including a non-treated control. Results demonstrated that glyphosate could control E. retusa plants at reproductive stage at 1,200 g a.i. ha-1 dose. However, a certain proportion of plants can survive despite having full chlorosis as a consequence of basal bud activation (bud bank) and the presence of reserves in the rhizome. These combinations of morphological traits facilitate the recovery of foliar mass in some plants after the application of the herbicide. This behavior represents a serious problem because E. retusa plants retain the ability to regrow. This shows that, E. retusa management at reproductive stage must be complemented with other cultural and/or chemical tactics.

Kidneys perform excretory function and regulate the work of many systems of the body, therefore, the morphological changes of the functional apparatus of the kidneys must necessarily affect the functions of other organs and systems. Data on pathological processes in the kidneys caused by the action of ethanol are diverse and can be manifested as universal tissue reactions to the action of ethanol and manifestations of its toxic effects directly on the tissue of the kidney. Aim: to study the morphological changes in kidney tissues of rats with acute ethanol-induced injury and correction with quercetin and L-arginine L- glutamate. Experimental studies performed on 66 white non-linear, sexually mature male rats weighing 120-130g (average weight - 125 g). Acute alcoholic defeat was modeling by intragastric administration of 40% ethanol in a dose of 20 ml/kg for 7 days with the help of a metal probe with oil. The revealed changes in renal tissue can be considered valuable morphological criteria that characterize the damage of the renal parenchyma in acute alcohol defeat. Using of the preparations of quercetin and L-arginine L-glutamate promotes the protection of kidney cells from the toxic effects of ethanol, which manifested itself in decreasing the severity of dystrophic changes in the endothelium of the tubules. The performed morphological study allows verifying more pronounced tread effect in the form of improving the histostructure of the kidneys under the combination of both drugs in comparison with monotherapy.

Climate changes and anthropogenic activities in the last centuries have modified the hydro-morphological characteristics of many rivers, including the Danube River. This study aims to analyze the hydrological regime of the Danube using data registered at the Giurgiu station and identify the spatio-temporal adjustments of the riverbed between Giurgiu and Oltenița along a 151 years interval (1864- 2015), as inferred from cartographic documents and satellite imagery. The results show major changes in the hydrological regime of the Danube, and also in the shape of the river channel. After the construction of the Iron Gates I and II upstream of the study area, the water level and sediment quantity have greatly dropped. Besides the changes in the hydrological regime, local anthropogenic interventions (dimming, draining, sand exploitation) have contributed to changing the watercourse. Through studying the Giurgiu-Oltenița sector, we can add the Danube River among other European rivers displaying horizontal stability and a tendency of incising and narrowing of the riverbed.

Autotoxicity is a particular form of allelopathy and is suspected to be responsible for regulating intraspecific competition under the Acacia dealbata Link (Fabaceae) canopy. Was established a bioassay with controlled conditions following the natural patterns of plant material accumulation under the A. dealbata canopy to determine the effects of chemical compounds released by leaves, bark, flowers and pods of the invasive species on germination and early growth of conspecific seedlings. Morphological changes caused by A. dealbata plant parts in roots of A. dealbata seedlings grown in natural and controlled conditions were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. The composition and behavior of the phytotoxicity of litter under the A. dealbata canopy throughout its phenological cycle were studied. The main chemical compounds in the soil under the canopy were identified. Most of the tested plant parts inhibited the germination and early seedling growth, prevented the root hair formation, destroyed the rhizodermis and altered the parenchyma tissue of radicles. The pods caused the greatest autotoxicity in seedlings from both study conditions and dominated the plant material accumulated under the canopy for almost all of the phenological cycle. Soil analysis by GC-MS revealed the abundance of fatty acids and the presence of steroids. These results suggest that A. dealbata can control the growth of new conspecific seedlings under its own canopy, and improves the interspecific competitive performance of its adult plants in its non-native range.