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In recent years, there has been a notable rise in the portrayal of LGBTQ+ characters in TV series available on online platforms. This poses a challenge for translators from a linguistic, social and cultural perspective, as they need to deal with the transference of fictional speech according to diverse identities. In this respect, translators are not only in charge of translating the fictional speech for a given audiovisual product to be either subtitled or dubbed into a different language, but they have the role of conveying and preserving LGBTQ+ characters’ identities accurately. The objective of this paper is to analyze the translation of sex-related language in TV series with LGBTQ+ representation. On the basis of a selected corpus of two different English-language TV series (Euphoria and Sex Education), this descriptive study analyzes the fictional speech of several LGBTQ+ characters and focuses on the translation of sex-related language from English into Spanish in both their dubbed and subtitled versions. The translation strategies used to render sex-related conversations when translating audiovisual fiction are discussed throughout the study in order to show different ways of facing the translation of specific sexual expressions. In this respect, the study intends to highlight the fact that all decisions made when translating fictional conversations that LGBTQ+ characters have about sex may have an influence on the representation of several topics such as sexuality, gender or identity. The study also discusses how other aspects such as the translation of inclusive language and the expression of gender identity may also affect the portrayal of LGBTQ+ characters.

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(3), 1201-1211 | European Forum Insight of 22 January 2024 | (Table of Contents) I. Introduction. - II. La condamnation d’une législation autorisant, au nom de la liberté contractuelle, la discrimination pour cause d’orientation sexuelle en matière d’emploi. - III. L’articulation entre droit à la non-discrimination pour cause d’orientation sexuelle et prise en compte des exigences professionnelles. - IV. L’articulation entre droit à la non-discrimination et liberté contractuelle en général. | (Abstract) In the J.K. case, the CJEU condemned Polish legislation derogating, in the name of the freedom to choose a contract, from the prohibition of discrimination based on sexual orientation in employment and occupation. However, one may wonder about the scope of this decision concerning the exemptions permitted by Directive 2000/78 when specific professional requirements are claimed, such as the prevention of internal social conflicts or respect for company doctrine. Likewise, we may question the scope of the decision for contractual freedom in general. To what extent may the contract be the site of justified discrimination?.

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(3), 1189-1199 | European Forum Insight of 22 January 2024 | (Table of Contents) I. Le retour de la guerre des valeurs. - II. L’identité sexuelle, nouveau cœur des valeurs européenne. - III. Sexualité versus religiosité : une inégalité au sein des valeurs européennes ?. - IV. Minorités, liberté, et fonctionnalisme social. - V. Ordre de valeurs et conséquentialisme social | (Abstract) One way of understanding the JK ruling is to see it as the symptom of a war of values within the European Union. In the context of “illiberal democracy”, the question of sexual identity resonates and conflicts with that of religious identity, creating a trouble within European values. In an attempt to resolve it, the jurisprudence tries to elaborate an order of values that seeks to preserve the relational capacity of the members of the European society. It fails, however, to fully justify the different approach that separates the protection of sexual minorities and that of religious minorities in Europe.

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(3), 1213-1220 | European Forum Insight of 22 January 2024 | (Table of Contents) I. Introduction. - II. La distinction entre le droit de la non-discrimination et la législation sociale de l’Union. - III. L’identification d’une catégorie des travailleurs indépendants bénéficiant du droit de la non-discrimination. - IV. Un rapprochement du régime du travail des travailleurs indépendants et salariés. - V. Conclusion | (Abstract) From an EU social law perspective, the decision of the Court of justice in J.K. appears prima facie to be a step forward in the construction of a universal labour law regime. However, the case strictly limits the progress towards an assimilation of the situation of employees and self-employed, in EU social law. First, by distinguishing EU anti-discrimination law and social legislation, only the former being extended to self-employed. Second, by limiting the category of self-employed who can benefit from anti-discrimination law. The case nonetheless suggests that a universal labour law regime can be constructed by using basic notions of labour law for the regulation of other types of contractual relationships than employment contracts.

Human contact through physical touch is a core element in social bonding, which facilitates psychosocial well-being. Touch avoidance is an individual disposition that may prevent individuals from engaging in or benefiting from physical touch. The present study recruited 450 Italian participants (51.1% female) with a mean age of 32.2 ± 13.5 to complete a battery of demographic questionnaires and the Touch Avoidance Questionnaire (TAQ). Individuals who were single and reporting same-sex attraction avoided touch with family more often than their coupled counterparts or those reporting opposite-sex attraction. Moreover, males reporting same-sex attraction avoided touch with a potential partner more frequently. When comparing sex differences, women reported greater touch avoidance with opposite-sex friends more frequently, while males avoided touch with same-sex friends more frequently. Individuals reporting opposite-sex attraction reported greater touch amongst same-sex friends. Single males avoided touch with same-sex friends more frequently than those in a relationship. Overall, this contribution reflects the individual differences related to social touch avoidance with respect to sex, relationship status, and sexual orientation in an Italian sample.

Vietnam, in many ways, remains a Confucian nation. The Confucian heritage touches many aspects of people’s lives. In this context, homosexuals do not face severe punishments, but face social stigma or public misunderstanding. Same-Sex Marriage is also not accepted because of limited legal support. Therefore, there is a need to study attitudes towards same-sex marriage in Vietnam. The purpose of this article was to validate a Vietnamses version of the Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Marriage Scale (ATSM) designed by Pearl & Galupo (2007) in a Vietnamese population. The sample in this study was 570 students from six universities in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The data collection method used was face-to-face questionnaire. Students completed the Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Marriage Scale and other variables in the questionnaire. The respondent’s characteristics also explored through the survey include: gender, what year students are from, religion of the students, what region students are from and their ethinicity. The study found the Vietnamese translation of the ATSM scale both reliable and valid and suitable for research use.

Resumen: Los sistemas de salud y la formación de profesionales parten del binarismo de género. En las diferentes etapas del ciclo vital existen situaciones que provocan inequidades, falta de oportunidades y riesgos para la salud de las personas lesbianas, gais, bisexuales, trans e intersex (LGBTI). Este trabajo pretende explorar la necesidad de incluir la diversidad afectivo-sexual, corporal y de género (DASCG) en los currículos de las titulaciones en ciencias de la salud. Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica narrativa para identificar recomendaciones basadas en marcos y experiencias internacionales con nuevos enfoques para incorporar la DASCG, además de un análisis crítico de la situación actual acerca de las carencias en la inclusión de la DASCG en las titulaciones en ciencias de la salud. En la actualidad existe una progresiva inclusión de la DASCG en las ciencias de la salud en muchos países, que es considerada fundamental para unas prácticas profesionales éticas y una asistencia y unos cuidados de excelencia. Ofrecemos un resumen de los avances, los debates emergentes y las estrategias docentes para la inclusión de la DASCG en experiencias previas internacionales. Estas experiencias señalan la necesidad de la inclusión de la DASCG, la falta de conocimientos sobre las necesidades específicas de las personas LGBTI y los beneficios de la ruptura con la imposición binaria. Se recomienda aumentar los conocimientos sobre terminología, derechos y desigualdades, y la participación activa de las personas y las comunidades LGBTI. Abstract: Health systems and professional training are based on gender binarism. At different stages of the life cycle, there are situations that cause inequities, lack of opportunities and risks to the health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex (LGBTI) people. This work aims to explore the need to include affective-sexual, bodily and gender diversity (ASBGD) in the curricula of health sciences degrees. A narrative bibliographic review was performed to identify recommendations based on international frameworks and experiences with new approaches to incorporate ASBGD, as well as a critical analysis of the current situation regarding the deficiencies in the inclusion of ASBGD in health sciences degrees. At present there is a progressive inclusion of ASBGD in health sciences in many countries, which is considered fundamental for ethical professional practices, and excellence in care. We offer a summary of advances, emerging debates and teaching strategies for the inclusion of ASBGD from previous international experiences. These experiences highlight the need for inclusion of ASBGD, the lack of knowledge about specific needs of LGBTI people and the benefits of breaking with the binary imposition. They recommend increasing knowledge about terminology, rights and inequalities, and the active participation of LGBTI people and communities.

This article aims to understand how the international African courts are being mobilized by the LGBTI activism in the continent. In view of the growing legislative movements that criminalize homosexuality and the African Union’s political resistance to addressing the issue and weakening the African regional human rights system, the LGBTI activist movements adopted litigation as a new strategy. International courts are nowadays a legal arena for claiming human rights for LGBTI people. Through the analysis of recent jurisprudence in African regional courts, this article concludes that these courts are resistant to addressing these issues, revealing an ineffective strategy for activism. On the other hand, it notes that litigation is more successful in national jurisdictions.

Todos los estudiantes sufren el riesgo de ser víctima de conductas agresivas de bullying durante el transcurso de su vida. Sin embargo, existen colectivos con mayor riesgo de sufrir estas conductas, en especial, el colectivo LGTB. Este estudio tiene tres objetivos: (1) analizar la prevalencia de víctimas y agresores de bullying entre adolescentes de secundaria, (2) explorar diferencias en función del sexo y (3) conocer las diferencias en función de la orientación sexual. Una muestra compuesta por 1,748 adolescentes del País Vasco cumplimentó dos cuestionarios. Los resultados evidencian (1) un elevado porcentaje de víctimas (41.6% globales, 11% severas) y de agresores (28.5% globales, 2,7% severos), (2) que las chicas muestran mayor victimización y los chicos agresión y (3) que hay un mayor porcentaje de víctimas no-heterosexuales, en especial de gais y bisexuales. En conclusión, las personas LGTB muestran una mayor vulnerabilidad a sufrir acoso escolar, por lo que es necesario desarrollar e implementar programas antidiscriminatorios en la comunidad educativa.

La enseñanza de ELE goza de mucho éxito en la actualidad y sigue ganando terreno en muchos países por lo que la demanda de profesorado ha aumentado. No obstante, al no haber estudios de grado reglados en general hay cierta informalidad en la profesión. Esta situación junto con otros aspectos como la falta de reconocimiento, la temporalidad o la estacionalización han generado una fuerte precariedad en el sector con lo que ello conlleva para los docentes. Uno de los síntomas de esta es la discriminación laboral. Para conocer la situación del profesorado de ELE se ha realizado un primer estudio preliminar y descriptivo. Para ello se realizó un cuestionario en línea basado en estudios anteriores, aunque adaptado a los objetivos específicos de este sector al que respondieron 674 personas. El instrumento tenía 50 preguntas de tipo abierto y cerrado. Las preguntas abiertas fueron analizadas por clústeres temáticos y procesados en el programa QDAMiner Lite. Los resultados apuntan que un alto porcentaje de profesores han sufrido discriminación especialmente por su edad. Seguidamente los otros factores que más provocan situaciones discriminatorios son género y origen. En estas categorías se subsumen casos como el acoso sexual, la falta de credibilidad en la profesionalidad por la juventud del docente o la no contratación por no tener un acento o hablar una variedad del español que no se considera prestigioso. APPROACH TO THE PHENOMENON OF LABOR DISCRIMINATION IN THE TEACHING OF SPANISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE Spanish as a foreign language teaching is very successful nowadays and continues to gain ground in many countries and the demand for teachers has increased. However, as there are no regulated undergraduate studies in general, there is a certain informality in the profession. This situation, together with other aspects such as lack of recognition, temporality or seasonality have generated a strong precariousness in the sector with what this entails for teachers. One of the symptoms of this is job discrimination. In order to know the situation of Spanish as a foreign language teachers, a first preliminary and descriptive study has been carried out. For this purpose, an online questionnaire based on previous studies was carried out, although adapted to the specific objectives of this sector. 674 people responded to it. The instrument had 50 open and closed questions. The open-ended questions were analyzed by thematic clusters and processed in the QDAMiner Lite program. The results indicate that a high percentage of teachers have suffered discrimination, especially because of their age. Likewise, the other factors that most cause discriminatory situations are gender and origin. In these categories, cases such as sexual harassment, lack of credibility in professionalism due to the youth of the teacher, or non-hiring due to not having an prestigious accent or speaking a variety of Spanish that is not considered influential are subsumed.

Abstract Since the 1980’s it has been possible to claim asylum on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity in some countries. Most studies on this topic focus on countries in the Global North. Therefore, there is still a lack of research that comparatively analyses the Global North with the Global South. The aim of this article is then to analyse and compare the approaches of two countries that grant refugee status on the basis of sexuality and gender identity, one in the Global North (the United Kingdom) and one in the Global South (South Africa).

Gender inequalities are a reality in economic, political and social participation. The lives of women and men, either cisgender or transgender, are deeply affected by gender inequalities. The identity-based approach to equality policies do not consider the interconnections and interdependence of diverse identity categories, and the acknowledgment that it is not possible to explain inequalities through a single framework. Sexual orientation equality policies often fail to take gender inequalities into account. Academic research has the potential to contribute to clarify the concepts underlying equality policies and to promote an intersectional approach. In terms of equality policies this means, for instance, to formulate policies that take into account groups at the different intersections of inequalities and the way that they are affected by the policies in question. This work aims to explore the contribution of the Portuguese research community to sexual orientation equality policies in Portugal. It will analyze in what extent the academic research in Portugal contributes to question identity-based politics and to advance an intersectional approach to sexual orientation equality policies. It will focus on and critically analyze equality policies in Portugal, and scientific and scholarly publications, namely journal articles, conference papers, theses, and dissertations of the Portuguese academia.

Este documento es una traducción al inglés del artículo original "Percepciones del estigma anticipado en trabajadores/as gays y lesbianas del sector salud (Argentina)" publicado en este mismo número. This article analyses situations of discrimination, violence and inequality against gay and lesbian workers due to their sexual orientation, gender and / or gender expression in healthcare institutions located in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. Some of the qualitative findings of a larger study are developed, which had a mixed approach and a cross-sectional, non-experimental design, in order to describe variants of anticipated stigma and perceptions of sexual orientation as potential obstacle at work. The persistence of stigma toward gay and lesbian workers, despite the greater legal and social recognition these groups have gained over the past decades, is a theoretical assumption of the study. While favourable changes are recognized, it is concluded that anticipated stigma persists among this group of workers.

Asylum seekers making claims relating to their sexual orientation and gender identity often face unfair refusal. New guidance from the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada takes admirable steps towards improving claims assessment, and offers a model for practitioners elsewhere.

Cinematographic narratives exert great power over audiences. They convey and construct relations of gender and sexuality, which confers extreme relevance to the investigation of the role of cinematic discourses/practices/effects in the constitution of values and social representations. Cinema is intended here as a creative locus marked by the experience of gendered identities, sexualities, desires and affections and by the cinema’s potential as a didactic resource that enables the construction of social knowledge. In this sense, this work analyses, in a queer reading, Marlon Parente’s documentary Bichas, that deals with the history of six young gay men from the Northeast. The characters talk to the audience, telling how they “came out” to their families, how they coped with reactions and how they dealt with homophobia in public places. The documentary, based on the testimonies of these young people, suggests that the word “bicha” could/should be used as a form of empowerment of the homosexual community.