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This research aims to analyze the aspects of safety and comfort in Indonesian football stadiums. This analytical survey research was conducted in three stadiums in Indonesia that have FIFA standards and are always used in national or international matches to analyze and describe the factors of security and comfort variables. There were five stages in this study: the first stage was observation, the second stage was collecting evidence of scientific articles, the third stage was instrument validation with focus group discussion (FGD), the fourth stage was data collection, and the fifth stage was research reporting with scientific articles. Then, there were six dimensions of the survey category, namely Stadium Construction, Physical Security, Social Security, Communication and Coordination, Recommendations and Feedback, and Clarity to the Spectators. The initial identification results were 3,090 spectators, 2,408 men and 682 women. They were aged 14 – 47 years, averaging 23.66±7.2 years. The number of visits to the stadium in one year was two to six times. The spectators’ experience in visiting different stadiums was two to seven stadiums. The following result, the Kruskal-Wallis test, showed the Asymp. The sig value was 0.319>0.05, meaning there was no difference in answers based on the spectators visiting the three stadiums. The publication of this study can provide valid and clear information insights to stadium managers to pay more attention and strive to provide the best service to football spectators. Because indirectly, supporters who watch the match will provide greater moral support to the football team.

During the 1910s and 1920s, two nautical clubs and one regatta club were opened in Florianópolis – capital of the state of Santa Catarina, in Brazil. Rowing, as a sport, began to be encouraged among the native youth. Newspapers and magazines started to interact with the public by promoting competitions and rewarding the winners of the regattas with the publication of colored photos. Poems and plays that paid tribute to both rowers and maritime disputes were written by local artists. The Clubs, which did not have the financial support of the Brazilian Confederation, promoted dancing dinners organized by the young uniformed fans. In the first half of the 20th century, in Florianópolis, rowing helped to improve sociability and created heroes who exhibited strength, beauty and discipline. So a question arises: “Why has rowing become a trend in florianopolitan society at this particular time?”. Starting from this unpretentious question and from the analysis of selected sources that reproduce countless silences, especially those concerning the theater and the women, this study was conceived in the form of short essays that narrate some of the activities that derived from the practice of rowing in Florianópolis.

This study attempts to present the problem of hooligan behavior at football stadiums in the context of the Council of Europe guidelines, preventive measures (including project method experience).

This paper will examine the relationship between Fascism and football in Italy from the regime’s origins in the mid­-1920s through to the present day and will seek to explain the far right’s continued presence in the game. Contextualising Italian football’s development within the nation’s postwar history, it will argue that while the Fascist regime laid the foundations of the contemporary game, its influence was not profound enough to explain the far­-right’s existence in Italian stadiums since the 1980s. By situating the politicisation of Italian football within theories of post­-Fascist memory and via the examination of specific incidents of pro­-regime and anti­-Semitic activity within the stadiums, this paper will argue that the failure to combat the far­-right’s presence has been a direct consequence of the weakness/absence of the Italian state.

This dissertation attends to the study of football hooligans’ subcultures. In particular, it addresses a general synthesis of the beginnings of casual culture in Great Britain, within the context of the cultural transition process of the 1980s, and within a political, social and cultural context greatly influenced by the new Conservative government of Margaret Thatcher. It makes a chronological review of the stylistic evolution and the attitudes of the casuals, based on the concept one-upmanship, facing the different realities that happened in approximately a decade. From the birth of the punk movement in the late seventies to the emergence of rave and club cultures at the end of the following decade. It also includes the element of violence in football, both inside and outside the stadiums, through several events that exemplify the level of violence achieved in those years. Throughout the text it tries to record the relevance of the study of youth expressions and activities for a better understanding of wider historical and cultural processes.

El fútbol, y en particular la violencia en el fútbol, son temáticas relegadas de la discusión académica, aunque en cierto sentido esta situación se ha ido revirtiendo en los últimos años. La violencia en el fútbol ha sido hasta aquí explicada como una acción irracional propia del estado de incivilización de los sectores más bajos de la sociedad; y por esta razón, los violentos son comúnmente denominados como seres irracionales e incivilizados: salvajes, bárbaros, inadaptados y demás sustantivos denigrantes. Aquellas interpretaciones que conciben a la violencia como una acción irracional, propia de un estadio de barbarie, eluden la representación social de estas acciones y sus relaciones con otros fenómenos sociales. El trabajo de observación participante con los simpatizantes de un club de las divisiones de ascenso del fútbol argentino tuvo como resultado exponer los vínculos existentes entre los actos de violencia y las formas de identificación.

Este trabajo analiza los significados que los integrantes de las hinchadas de fútbol argentinas dan a las acciones violentas, a través de la categoría de aguante. Estas son parte de una forma de ser que los define y los distingue, y constituye un complejo sistema de honor y prestigio que valora positivamente la valentía, el coraje, la bravura y el arrojo en un enfrentamiento físico. Desde una mirada simplista y estigmatizadora, como la de los medios de comunicación y el sentido común, estos actores y sus prácticas son concebidos simplemente como "violentos", ya que ejecutan y dan valor positivo a distintas acciones que están ubicadas fuera de los límites de lo aceptable. Sin embargo, y paradójicamente, existen definiciones morales nativas que delimitan lo permitido y lo prohibido, lo justo y lo injusto en un acontecimiento violento. Descubrir y analizar estos límites nos permite estudiar la constitución de un espacio social donde estas prácticas son aceptadas y, también, analizar las relaciones con actores que ubicados por fuera de ese espacio se vinculan con los integrantes de la hinchada y, por ende, "negocian" con su código moral.This work analyzes the meanings given to violent actions by the members of argentine football fans groups (hinchada) through the category of aguante. These are part of a "way of being" that both defines and distinguishes them, and constitutes a complex system of honour and prestige that valorates positively the courage, the bravery and the surrending in a physical confrontation. From a simplistic and stigmatizing analysis, like the one of the media and the common sense, these actors and their practices are conceived as "violent" because they execute and give a positive value to different actions that are beyond the "acceptable". However, and paradoxically, there are moral principles that define what is allowed and what is forgiven, the fair and the unfair in a violent act. Discovering and analyzing these limits allows us to study the constitution of a social space where these practices are accepted, and also to analyze the relationships with another actors that are beyond that space but are related with the members of the hinchada; that means they also "negociate" their moral code with the actors outside their boundaries.