Search

Simultaneous localized solar radiation monitoring in different broadband spectral ranges has several important advantages over isolated measurements for both basic and applied research. Its integration into a network under standardized protocols has, in turn, worthy benefits including the possibility to characterize geographically the solar radiation levels in large regions. Recently, an integrated UV-Total solar irradiance monitoring network has been deployed in Argentina in 8 stations with new instruments, measurement sites, and protocols into the frame of the Saver-Net project (Japan, Argentina, and Chile) carried out during the period 2013-2018. The network is managed by the Argentine Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (SMN) and Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF - UNIDEF). In this paper, the structure, capability and several initial achievements of the Argentine UV-Total solar irradiance monitoring network are described with the aim to make these databases available to the scientific community for their broad use in basic and applied research. In addition, the irradiance characterization at each monitoring node of the network is presented. Extreme values over 1000 Wm' 1 2 of Total solar irradiance, 60 Wm-2 of UVA solar irradiance and UV Index of 9 are registered even in the southernmost stations, with their consequent signification for the practical applications of the solar energy and health implications such as the risk to cause erythema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Te Ckunza of the Lickan Antai people inhabiting Chile, Bolivia and Argentina has been declared extinct. However, it is argued that reconstructing the elements of the grammar could facilitate its revitalization. Tis paper seeks to account for these elements in the ckunza of San Pedro de Atacama. To this end, a review of the phonetic, phonological, lexical, semantic, morphological and syntactic elements of the Amerindian language will be provided. Tis analysis also informs about the agglutinative characteristic of Ckunza. Te corpus of this research comes from the samples collected by the pioneers in its study. Te aim of this review is to show the grammar of Ckunza, since its reconstitution will provide the rules that will allow the creation of new sentences that will contribute to its revitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In the areas of technology and virtualization from provide online services in pandemic times there is a possibility psychology online acquiring services thinking that web sites are confidence for users and good quality. This paper proposes a number of indicators to websites evaluation that provide online services psychology in Latin American. Methodology: Whit experimental methodology were tracked 144 websites online services psychology assessing objectives variables with the purpose of factor analysis to the indicators building. Results: According the proposed indicators Brazil (...=2.00) is identified that scored best indicator, followed by Argentina (...=2.5), Chile (...=2.67) y Colombia (...=3.5); Integra Medical (Chile) (IMPOL=0.4629) get the better calification in Latin America, Discussion: Despite the pandemics conditions of the world actually, latent need the persons to access psychology online therapy, the web site aspects lacking to web quality with safety, accessibility and web positioning. Conclusions: Measurement indicator to psychology online (MIPOL) is a tool that permit to evaluate websites this category and detected strengths and weaknesses each web sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lexicographical corpus of the Mapuzugun produced in the period 1880-1930 has not yet been subject to studies that place it in relation to its specific historical and linguistic context. This paper presents a first analysis of the bilingual lexicographical repertoires produced in the aforementioned period, which marks the end of the Mapuche resistance and the beginning of the state occupation of the territories in the south of the current republics of Argentina and Chile. In relation to this historical context we analyze how these linguistic instruments (Auroux 1992) configure discourses on language that mobilize certain linguistic ideologies about the Mapuzugun. From a glottopolitical perspective (Del Valle 2017) that considers the principles of critical studies of lexicographic discourse (Chen 2019), it is characterized the interaction between diverse discourses on language in the period as well as the incidence of political and military processes in the language space. Based on some characteristics of the works reviewed, general categories are proposed that allow locating and describing the corpus according to the discourses on the Mapuche language that are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper standardizes Chilean salaries between 1886 and 1928 to a Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) format that allows comparison with salaries in Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil during the same period. With this, it is possible to identify the level and trajectory of Chilean salaries vis-à-vis their counterparts in the Southern Cone of Latin America. In addition, it attempts to identify the impact that salary performance could have had on the most identifiable episodes of labor conflict, such as the constitution of Chile as a relatively attractive place for the immigration of European workers. The results show unequivocally that the economic growth of Chile until 1914 was not accompanied by the emergence of a favorable environment for Chilean workers or for the settlement of immigrant workers in relation to Uruguay, Argentina and even Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between fiscal and monetary policy coordination and fiscal multipliers in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. To do so, we first look at the theoretical framework of the New Consensus Macroeconomics (NCM), and then analyze the trends in the four countries for variables including consumption, investment, government spending, and interest rates. Finally, we present an estimate of the spending and monetary multipliers with proxy variables. The contribution of this paper consists of one, showing the inexistence of the crowding out effect, and two, quantifying the multipliers for the aforementioned countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to enrich the analytical record of the process of formation of the political system of the Argentine “Confederation” in the 1850s, from the specificities of San Juan province. We considered variations of San Juan political and economic integration in the national and “transcordillerano” stage. We reveal that the attempts of San Juan authorities to (re)articulated in a long-standing activity as overland trade with Chile, though not always successful, were important both to define provincial political tensions and the gravitation of the province in the political and institutional frame of the “Confederation”. So, we analyzed provincial, regional and international aspects of this process, taking into account the multiplicity of actors, resources, ideas and practices that were involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with bilateral relations between Argentina and Chile in recent decades, highlighting the potential of their new border relations. It assumes that the wide range of governmental actors, subnational and local entities linking each other have given this a unique dynamic border and are considered spaces of cooperation. The article is descriptive-reflective and is organized around a series of questions about the continued search for Argentine-Chilean border integration since the nineties and the construction of top-down and bottom-up institutional agreements. Within the variety of links, some remarkable examples are selected for the article like the ?Integration Committees?, the settlement of the Central West of South America Integration Zone (Zicosur) and the Argentine-Chilean cooperation in Antarctica. It stresses the integrationist Maipú Treaty (2009) and institutions that charge different instances of bilateral dialogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the relationship between the performance of Latin American stock markets with their real economies, applying seven econometric models for the cases of Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico. The relationship between stock market yields in these countries and their respective GDPS is examined and compared, applying to the series for each country unit root tests, cointegration analysis, error correction model analysis, Granger causality modeling, self-regression vector analysis, stimulus and response functions, and variance decomposition analysis. The series comprise the following stock markets: Argentina's MERVAL, Brazil's BOVESPA, Chile's IGPA, and Mexico's IPC, as compiled by Economática. The GDP series were obtained from the Cepalstat data base. The series are monthly and are for the period 1993-2005. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the productive matrix of Cordoba (Argentina) and their export potential through a better use of Chilean ports to Asia. Although exports from this province are still concentrated on products with low technological complexity, a fifth of its export basket today comes from the manufacturing sector. In fact, if we analyze the growth of industrial sectors and the density of firms in each sector, the results of this study show that there is a set of economic activities in C6rdoba that meet the basic conditions to expand its exports to Asia. These are the industry of auto engine parts, manufacturing of machinery and electrical equipment and some chemical products segments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates different forms of registry of the Mapuche concept in both Chile and Argentina after indigenous territories of Araucania and Patagonia were conquered, by late XIX century. A hypothesis is suggested concerning a difference in this registry, based on what was -within these contexts- the destination of Mapuche bodies on the one hand and of papers and documents created and accumulated by these populations before being included into both Sates sovereignties, on the other. We can see that in Argentina, bodies museographical inscription was privileged and, at the same time there was a document archives inscription which made Mapuche an historiographical and anthropological past element and lacking political validity at present. While in Chile, there is a population inscription of Mapuche bodies related to a kind of mestizo and state ideology through which the Mapuche concept got a kind of racial validity. This is how the idea of "reducto" arose as a category through which ambivalences from both types of inscription are analyzed so that the Mapuche concept has worked as a patrimonial capital of national sovereignty (associated to identity and autochthonousness) or, on the contrary as just the rest of a life or indigenous culture that persists and is managed in the political and historical limits of this same national sovereignty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a context of territorial expansion of the capital, the paper deals with the persistence of peasant farmers in northern Patagonia by developing various adaptive strategies as a form of resistance to expulsion. Changes are examined not only in households but also in the areas of life and work of those who call themselves breeding producers "crianceros" in two regions of extensive herd-oriented export of wool and hair, mohair. The cases show that the territorial expansion of capital involves social dynamics that go beyond production and institutional transformations; they show increase of multi activity in peasant households. Spatial mobility due to production and labor is more complex, and also generates changes in other levels of rurality, in rural habitat, and the enlarge of rural towns. These social settings lead to rethinking territory and understand the changes and continuities from and between the positions of the actors that contribute to maintain or transform the structure of social space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the introduction of neo-liberal reforms and the collective answers of urban popular sectors in Chile and Argentina. For one hand, it focuses on key aspects of the neo-liberal transformations, in particular those who operated on the State's sphere and in the labor context. For the other hand, the social expressions elaborated by subordinate sectors in terms of social inequality outcomes generated by the new model are presented. This article introduces a comparative perspective between Argentina and Chile, which show a remarkable practice of the afore mentioned reforms. In this sense, our proposal is to establish some coincidences in matters of the changes within the secondary sociability in both countries in order to analyze the differences in the construction of collective responses made by the popular sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1981 Chile began a wave of privatization and market-friendly reforms of social security systems in Latin America; Argentina did the same in 1993. In 2008, Chile and Argentina reformed their pension systems again. Chile maintains the private capitalization system complemented with a basic pension and solidarity payments while Argentina eliminated the capitalization pillar and replaced it by a single integrated delivery system publicly administered. This paper analyzes the policy reforms of pension systems as a result of the comparison between countries, as well as between market and state led reforms and state led reforms: Chile (1981 and 2008) and Argentina (1993 and 2008). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper provides 9 new records of Trichoptera species, for Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. The family Tasimiidae and Verger affinis (Schmid), V. bispinus (Schmid) and V. obliquus (Schmid) (Limnephilidae) are cited for Argentina for the first time. The distribution of some species of Helicophidae, Hydrobiosidae, Limnephilidae and Philorheithridae is updated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Odonata order is represented in Patagonia by 36 species belonging to nine families and 18 genera. The endemicity level is high being approximately 60% of the species and 40% of genera endemic. The specific richness in Patagonia decreases from West to East and from North to South, being Nahuel Buta (Chile) and Andes mountains between 38° and 41° S on the forest area, and the Somuncurá plateau (Argentina) on the steppe the richest areas. An update of its records and an analysis of the main distribution patterns are provided in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, transformations of internal links within the indigenous political field are explored, focusing on the last decades of the frontier. This period, in which the state progresses towards its political unification and institutional consolidation, state policies regarding Indian people show a more unified profile and aim to create the conditions necessary for the frontiers advance. The peace treaties policy, extended to almost the whole indigenous map, will be one of the devices through the state will attempt to canalize and to order its relations with different chiefs and groups. Our interest attempts to identify the probable conditionings and influences of this policy on the indigenous population at the conformation, strengthening and weakening of their political alliances. We intend specifically to reconstruct-within this context-the process of the Calfucurá's leadership, to identify the impact of state interventions over the extent of his political summoning capacity during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper a summary of the results of PAIGH Project "Space and Socioeconomic impact of vitiviniculture in Chile and Argentine". The case of the Casablanca County (Valparaíso) and the Lujan Department of Cuyo (Mendoza) are presented, which was developed on 2005-2006 simultaneously by researches of the Department of Geography at the University of Chile and of the Department of Geography at the National University of Cuyo. The study areas, in booth countries were chosen considering the expertise level in fine wines production with Origin Designation. A comparative analysis between booth areas was done essentially considering the spatial and socioeconomics effects due to the activity expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider different perspectives on Chilean and Argentinean Judaism, related to four main traits: a) the organization of Jewish and secular identities, with progressive and liberal components, although religion is not the central identity element; b) the consolidation of a religious orthodox space; c) the formation of new Jewish identities, that are not integrated into the structures of institutional Jewish communities; e) the emergence of some dissidence in Chilean and Argentinean Judaism, as part and parcel of a reaction to the official discourse about the Arab-Israeli Conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the role of political organizations, the church, the state and labor unions in the leisure time of the workers in Northern Patagonia from the beginning of the 19"" century, up to the rise of peronismo. We discuss the strategies put into practice by such institutions, as related with the planning and consumption of their spare time. We also analyze each institution's interests, which went far beyond making themselves sure that the workers' could take better advantage of their leisure time. Far from that, these actors' actions were part of a wider strategy that could be combined with the one developed within the workers' world. In the case of political and labor unions' organizations, such actions were related with the spreading of ideas that could be useful to reinforce consciousness for class struggle, to build a new society and additionally, to strengthen trade union structures. The actions of the church, on the other hand, were oriented towards disciplining the working world, christianizing it, and indoctrinating catholic workers in a world of armonic relations between capital and labor and teaching them to reject alterations of the status quo and the workers' ways of participation typical of resistance societies. Finally, actions performed by the State attempted to control, regulate and discipline such workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]