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In literary texts that present a poetic speaker whose psychic apparatus suffers; writing becomes the site for the oscillation between subjectivity and desubjectivity. This paper poses the question on how to approach texts rooted in the experience of psychic suffering in relation to the concepts of "testimony", "author" and "writing". The selected literary texts are a group of poems written by the Italian poet Alda Merini and 4.48 Psychosis, a play written by the English playwright Sarah Kane. In these texts, the poetic speaker experiences a desubjectivation produced by highly invasive psychiatric procedures. These texts account for this experience [Benjamin] and establish themselves as healthy practices [Deleuze]. By doing so, they do not function as instances of resubjectivation; instead, they retain the oscillation between resubjectivation and desubjectivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature has the ability to function as a reflection of the self and its reality. The objective of this paper is to illuminate this capacity through a parallel reading of the Divine Comedy of the florentine poet and the Adán Buenosayres of the argentine writer Leopoldo Marechal. The reason for choosing these works is the ease with which they give an account of the life and spirit of their writers. By analyzing Virgil's original journey on the one hand and Marechal's reinterpretation of it in the descent to Cacodelphia on the other, we will be able to discover both Dante and Marechal spiritual quest, their vision of the human intellect and their current concern for their country. Through these similarities we will give a renewed look at the capabilities of literature and at the same time we will allow ourselves to deepen into the effects that the florentine poet had on universal literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to open a debate around the hierarchical status of the author in the new modes of building dramatic sense in today's theater. In order to do this, first we examine the role and figure of the author; and, secondly, we analyze the historical evolution of the different stage discourses. Our analysis shows that contemporary stage practices, even when they criticize the text-centric model as well as the one based on traditional author, they nevertheless continue to recognize an authorial function. The current modification is that they introduce modes of production in which the stage play arises from the collaboration of all poetic fields, that is to say the playwright, the performance, the direction, and the group. In this way, contemporary theater approaches the notion of complex authorships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology (NT) is focused to study the materials at the atomic and molecular scale (1-100 nm), the most studied are metallic nanoparticles (NPs) and those derived from carbon. In modern agriculture NPs are investigated because they offer the possibility to control plant pathogens and to increase the yield of plant crops. Nanotechnology provides scientific tools to design and prepare important products such as fertilizers and plant growth promoters. However, scientific literature is plenty of mix results; for example, some papers reports the benefits obtained from the application of carbon nanotubes and metal NPs, promoting plant growth effects, while others papers mention inhibition and phytotoxicity on seeds and plants. NT in agriculture to produce nanofertilizers and pesticides is still being investigated; however, derivative products and applications have been steadily increasing in recent years and are expected to continue growing. Currently, the worldwide demand for food is increasing and research and products to enhance crops yield are still insufficient. Therefore, the industry needs to generate nanoproducts for the development of a sustainable agriculture. Consequently, this review presents recent results about the use of NPs in agriculture, and its potential uses as nanofertilizers and plant growth promoters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Yuri Herrera's La transmigración de los cuerpos, a pandemic confines city dwellers. The protagonist is forced to manage the exchange of two corpses in the middle of the quarantine. The character's journey shows a heterogeneous and dynamic space. This paper aims to give an interpretation to the transfer between smooth and striated spaces, the inside and the outside, the private and the public in the novel. The dynamic that is established between these conceptions highlights two fundamental aspects: a discipline for the sake of a subjectivation that is based on the modeling of docile bodies and the predominance of some state of emergency conditions, manifested in authoritarian control. From a geocritical perspective, the conflictive relationships between the discourse of a hegemonic center, which tends to homogenize, and one of the peripheries located around the latter are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debris flows occurrence represents a potential geological hazard threatening community of the Aconcagua Park. These events are generated on steeper slopes reaching high velocities and great volume. Main historical cause of events is water saturation of sediments or rocks due to precipitation, snow thawing or permafrost degradation during warmer seasons. This paper focuses in the analysis of debris flow susceptibility considering conditioning factors such as lithology, slope, elevation, slope orientation and vegetation presence. These variables were analyzed through superposition of thematic maps and an inventory map of historical debris flows in a GIS environment. A physical model (SINMAP) and statistical methods of logistic regression and Wi were applied obtaining three different models spatially validated with inventory control map. The models showed good performance, even though the SINMAP shows differences in the zoning comparing with statistician ones, being logistical regression the more proper method for susceptibility assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we propose to address two literary works by the Italian writer Alda Merini, La terra santa and L'altra verità. Diario di una diversa, from a feminist perspective. We aim to research how these texts contribute to expose certain forms of captivity to which women are subjected because of their gender. We will delve into her writing with the intention of finding in it a possible emancipatory potential that reveals said oppression and is able to show the hidden face of certain subaltern existences. For our analysis, we will use the theoretical postulates of Franca Basaglia in Mujer, locura y sociedad and those of Marcela Lagarde y de los Ríos in Los cautiverios de las mujeres. Madresposas, monjas, putas, presas y locas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tango Mi noche triste composed by Pascual Contursi, premiered by Carlos Gardel, and of great commercial success, is a complex structure. This paper analyzes its theme, argument, interpreter and reception. Referring to the theme, the paradox of a woman who emancipates herself leaving her man stands out in this mostly masculine musical genre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes a range of experiences that when applied allow the identification and analysis of definitions, structures, dimensions-scales and key processes for the design of agro-ecological with the objective to drive the analyzes towards understanding of process that promote an important ecological, social and economic functionality. The theoretical framework-methodological built is provenances from agro ecological experiences review of agroecosystems that conserve natural resource. From the experiences analysis, it suggests that, in the context of sustainable agriculture, the agro ecological practices have evolved as a result of the local experiences of individual farmers and farmer's associations, and territorial development projects, with different territorial scale and strategist to the implementation. Based on productive activities on the agro ecological approach, was summarized indicators of functionality as well as, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem services, productivity, and ecological net at landscape, to reach ecological, social and economic objectives, in scales as farm, watershed, and landscape. It is under this premise that, we conclude that at varying degrees, these systems serve to integrate different approaches on the conservation of nature and human development thanks to the fact that their dynamic is determined by natural and social elements with multiple contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses vulnerability to Global Environmental Change of rural producers of Mendoza River basin, in Argentina. Vulnerability is a complex phenomenon that is generated at the intersection of environmental, social and economic dimensions. From a qualitative study based on in-depth interviews with producers of the study area, the paper explain the processes affecting actors (exposures / sensitivities) and the practices (adaptations) they develop to address these phenomena. The main idea is that hydroclimatological events act on a number of previous, long-term vulnerabilities defined by access to resources. Also it shows that resources are critical to the development of adaptive capacities, but finds that "availability of resources" and "capacity building" are not phenomena always related by a linear and direct causality. That is, sometimes the mere existence of resources is not enough to foster adaptive capacities. Noting some capacities gaps, the article identifies critical factors that could improve rural actors' capacities and could strengthen them to cope with future global climate events and other factors that affect their living conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the dynamics of transition in the interaction between vine (Vitis vinifera L.) and cover crop. From data obtained in a field essay, we propose a statistical model to investigate such biological interaction and we could determine that the vine-cover crop system changed from a biological interaction of commensalism type to another of amensalism type, being the vine not affected. Based on this information, we formulate a biomathematical model to describe this interaction, we estimate its parameters, and analyze the stability of the equilibrium points. It is evident, in this study, that the cover crop does not affect vine growth during the period considered in the essay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are few papers on Jerusalem artichoke postharvest storage and quality changes. This research aimed to achieve information about: a) the influence of harvest dates and varieties on tuber ˈs quality; b) the evolution of each treatment in cold storage; and c) the conservation periods and places (cold storage-field) effects on tubers quality was studied. Two varieties of Jerusalem artichoke were used, red's tubers and white's tubers. Dry matter; soluble solids; firmness; peridermis and pulp colour; sprouting and Penicillium development and fresh weight evolution of tubers were measured. It was found that the harvest period, to mantain the tuber quality and good performance in cold storage during the year, should not extend more than 49 days since the first frost for the study area (Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza, Latitude 33°00'30" S; Longitude 68°52'32" W). Differences between varieties were not observed. The information suggest that, for fresh consumption, tubers must be harvested till 98 days after the first frost, but these tubers are not kept properly refrigerated. Regarding method and time storage effects on tubersˈ quality, it is observed again that tubers which are keep in field beyond the second measurement date (August 30), quickly lose their commercial quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the configuration of the world in Molino Rojo (1926), first work by Jacobo Fijman. Through the images unleashed by the different rhetorical figures used in his poetry, the emergence of "the fantastic" will get materialized on the basis of five main elements: the transgression of limits, the questioning of time, the experience of an existential space, the multiplicity of personality, and the treatment of language. All these factors will collaborate to the phenomenological construction of the Fijman's fantastic universe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the twentieth century, a large number of philosophers turned their eyes, totally stripped of innocence after the horrors evidenced during the First and Second World Wars, towards the problem of human being's existence. Viktor Frankl, an Austrian philosopher born in 1905, founder of the third Viennese psychoanalytic school (after Freud and Adler), a survivor of the Nazi concentration camps and a university professor up to the age of 85, developed an optimistic existentialist current, imbued with a deep religiosity. Much of his thinking can be synthesized in the search for meaning (the "Logos"), and for the answer to the great question of the why of existence. In this paper, after reviewing the key concepts of Victor Frankl's existentialism and logotherapy, I examine some of these concepts in the novels Ganarse la muerte and Dios no nos quiere contentos by the contemporary Argentine writer Griselda Gambaro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, which is part of a research on the interactions and tensions between science and literature in Spain from the 19th to the 21st centuries, is focused on Agustín Fernández Mallo's poetry. Besides his famous narrative trilogy Proyecto Nocilla, his poetry expand and blur the limits of the poetic textuality by the incorporation of science and multimedia technology not just in a referencial fashion but as both constructive and theoretical principles from which is possible a critical consideration of the poetic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes to revise the modes of periodization of the Argentinean poetic production of the decade of 1990s depending on the Neo-Baroque/Objectivism antagonism. We will suggest that this periodization is reviewed by Martín Prieto in articles such as "Neobarrocos, objetivistas, epifánicos y realistas: nuevos apuntes para la historia de la nueva poesía argentina", as well as the reconsideration of certain assumptions in the reading of the tradition of that period in contemporary poetry and in the ways in which literary criticism takes it as an object. For the latter, we will discuss in detail the recent article by Matías Moscardi, "El ojo parpadeante del poema", and the publication of the book by Alelí Jait, Poesía experimental argentina y políticas de la lengua. Finally, considering this horizon of analysis and interpretation, we will present as possible reformulation and relocation of the dichotomy Neo- Baroque/Objectivism the current critical recovery of the production of artistic groups such as "Los Verbonautas", poets and musicians appeared in the second half of the decade whose works form a possible way of escape of the static image of the articles and books mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his book Postales del Porvenir (2006), Fernando Reati gathered a corpus of narratives published after the comeback of democracy in Argentina, from 1985 to the change of the millennium, which he named "anticipatory literature in any of its variations (speculative science-fiction, political-fiction, anti-utopia, dystopia) (13), because it deals with concerns about a relatively near future caused by present or past crises, generally in the context of military dictatorship and repression, exiles, disappearances, late capitalism and increasing globalization, in a peripheral country. In this paper, we aim to analyze the presence of these categories and topics in Pedro Mairal's second novel, El año del desierto (2005), and in Claudia Aboaf's third novel, El Rey del Agua, recently published (Alfaguara, 2016), with the objective of reflecting upon 21st century anticipatory narratives' characteristics through the study of these samples, that we consider representative of the two most significant tendencies of this genre in Argentina: the apocalyptic one (El año del desierto) and the dystopic one (El Rey del Agua). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I consider the interpretation of contemporary testimonial poetry in Colombia as an alternative sensorium in front of historical memory and public politics of the institutional discourse, established in the country as a technology of oblivion. In this sense, poetry becomes an affective memory and shows an aesthetic of survival composed by three categories, the first one related to poetry written by poets killed during the contemporary armed conflict, the second one to the mourning poetry and the third one to the condolence poetry. The trivialization of violence and memory is transgressed through the appearance of the noise as a category that stresses the word and generates the possibility of testimony, of the wounded and fragmented body-text, which is loaded of mourning affection to tell the trauma, to name the community of the sorrow. In this way, animality emerges as a form of resistance through poetic language, which politically and aesthetically dignifies the victims and becomes the testimony as a literary genre from survival. Three poetic herds are heard through poetry as noisy language, which creates community and collective mourning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drylands are characterized among other things by low rainfall and soils with insufficient water. In these regions, agricultural production depends on irrigation, which transforms arid ecosystems into irrigated arable areas, as in the Cuyo region, in the central-western Argentina. Although these lands support the majority of the population, they are often associated with degradation processes. One of the main consequences of unsustainable agriculture is soil salinization, which occurs either because perennial deep-rooted native vegetation is replaced by annual crops or as a result of excessive irrigation and deficient drainage. Salinization is a global problem, since it reduces the productivity of large arable areas, decreases land value and leads to their abandonment. In this context, ecosystem restoration is a strategic approach to reverse the degradation of irrigated drylands, recover services and promote the conservation of arid ecosystems at the regional scale. In this paper we review the factors, both those linked to the biophysical environment and those determined by human activities, which are associated with salinization in different regions, as well as the implemented measures for rehabilitating these environments. Furthermore, the terminology associated with the practice of restoration is revised and a suitable alternative for exploring this approach in Cuyo is proposed: the productive restoration using species of the Prosopis genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spain Ruben Dario woke up in admiration of notable poets advocates of modernism, who belonged to the generation of 98. Among these youths was Ramon del Valle Inclan, who maintained a friendship and mutual admiration with writer Ruben Dario. As a result of this relationship, they left a legacy of poems which testify. The purpose of this paper is to show the link between the two writers, through poems: "iconographic Sonnet, for the Marquis de Bradomín" and "laudatory Balada Don Ramon Maria del Valle Inclan" Ruben Dario dedicated to Ramon del Valle Inclan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When we talk about Modernism in Spanish literature we immediately think of Don Ramón del Valle Inclán. Quoting Giovanni Allegra "With Ramón del Valle Inclán Spanish Modernism reaches its higher level of formal coherence, its greatest ability to adapt some bottom subjects of the European contemporary novel to the narrative". Not only he included the characteristics of the movements in his creations but he theorized about them and wrote a poetic, La lámpara maravillosa, which at the time was not considered in all its real value. The purpose of this paper is to survey in his theoretical writings the aesthetic principles of Modernism, his opinion about them and the variants that he engineered to include in his own work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study concerns a detailed review of published papers on rare-earth elements (REEs) in soil-plant system. Such studies have been carried out mainly in Europe and Asia and are relatively scarce in Latin American countries. Nevertheless, the interest in evaluating the uptake of REEs in soil-plant system is continually increasing. This is due to the fact that fertilizers contain high concentrations of these elements. Different techniques have been used for sampling, experimental work and REE determinations. However, we consider that the data handling has been rather statistically deficient. This review elaborates on the following points: (i) general characteristics of the REEs; (ii) bibliographical review of sampling and analytical techniques actually used in 37 papers with an emphasis on the statistical deficiencies; (iii) examples of the application of statistical methods (confidence interval of the mean and significance tests of Fisher F and Student t) based on two of the compiled papers. The first application showed that the original authors did not apply any statistical methodology to evaluate their data quality and that there are systematic differences between the data analyzed in their laboratory and the certified values of the reference material. The application of significance tests to the data from the second paper demonstrated that there are significant differences in the mean values of Ce and Eu (only these two elements were exemplified) in plants from different sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the salt-stress tolerance of the 75 AB Citrumelo cultivar (Citrus paradisi x Poncirus trifoliata) in comparison with the Cleopatra Mandarin (Citrus retuculata) which is known worldwide due to its high stress resistance. Seedlings of both species were incubated in between paper towels damped with distilled water or 30 mM NaCl solutions. The experimental design was completely randomized with 3 replica and the data were analyzed using ANOVA and the Tukey test. After 41 days, fresh weight, relative water content (RWC), proline concentration, and mineral composition were determined. Growth in Cleopatra was more sensitive to salinity than that of the 75 AB Citrumelo cultivar, whereas relative water content kept constant in both rootstocks. The osmotic adjustment occurred by accumulating proline in leaves being its concentration higher in the 75 AB Citrumelo. The latter excluded Na+ and Cl- ions from the aerial part of the plant and limited them to the root system while the contrary was observed for Cleopatra. The 75 AB Citrumelo cultivar is more tolerant to salinity than Cleopatra and excludes both Na+ and Cl- ions from its aerial part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A panel with dehumidifiers attachable to conventional sprayers was designed, capable of retaining the spray liquid that is lost by drift. The objectives of this study were: a) verify the recovery capacity of the panel, b) to study their influence on the characteristics of spraying, c) check the drift modification in soil and the surrounding rows. The prototype was tested in a vertical shoot positioned (VSP) trellised vineyard cv. Malbec. The application of copper oxychloride with conventional hydropneumatic equipment was defined as a control treatment. Spray quality was assessed using water sensitive papers and receptors on the treated row, in two adjacent rows and soil. In field trials, the panel recovers 37% of the volume applied for early vegetative development and 11% with maximum vegetation. The panel did not influence the amount of product deposited, nor the quality of the spray distribution on the treated canopy. In the conventional treatment it was found that drift is lost mainly in the soil adjacent to the treated rows. The panel significantly reduced drift to the soil, both the deposit of pesticide applied as the quantity of surface impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climatic change effects and the processes of urban growth caused environmental deterioration in the city of Buenos Aires. This situation alters the natural hydrological cycle and the hydrograph of floodwaters in urbanizing watersheds will modify, presenting flows higher peak and shorter rise times as it progresses. On the other hand, the global warming has caused an increase in mean annual precipitation and extreme values generated by storms of connective type, in the central region and North of Argentina. One of the possibilities to mitigate these effects is the implementation of extensive green roofs systems in terraces of buildings and houses built that help to reduce runoff factor. The objective of this paper was: to determine the reduction of surface runoff and water quality delivered for different types of green roofs with different types of vegetation implanted in normal rainfall in the city of Buenos Aires. The results of the study that was carried out along one year, showed that the retention capacity of the tested lots varied, depending upon precipitation, type of vegetation and coverage. For the range of 21 and 41 mm the retention ratesreached between 63% and 68%, with rainfall between 42 and 60 mm are observed percentages of retention from 31% to 39%. For the range of 61 to 80 mm the retention percentage was similarly to the range previously analyzed, 25% to 38%, and finally analyzing rainfall greater than 90 mm, the percentage of retention varies between 16% and 22%. The Aptenia cordifolia presented minors values of retention in all ranges except the first. The results of the test showed that green roofs system represent a good alternative in the integrated management of water runoff in urban watersheds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare the count of Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisins accumulation in ears covered and not covered under different conditions of moisture and temperature. Paper bags permeable to moisture were placed on female inflorescences. Female inflorescences covered did not prevent infection of maize kernels. Moreover, significant differences in fumonisins B1 and B2 were obtained between grains obtained from ears covered with respect to grains from ears uncovered. The conditions of high humidity and temperature generated in the ears covered, favored fumonisins levels significantly. The information provided on the level of infection of the pathogen and the interaction of different temperature and moisture conditions that influence the synthesis of fumonisins, allows continue evaluating the behavior of Fusarium in maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper falls within the framework of the FAO-INA Agreement that was entered into to "identify new potential irrigated and supplementary-irrigated areas in the basins of northeastern Argentina". The agreement seeks to collect information on monthly reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo), analyze its variability, and show it on isoline maps. The study comprised the central northeastern part of Argentina; the program used was CROPWAT 8.0 – FAO; and climate data were obtained from CLIMWAT 2.0. The information was plotted with ArcView 3.2ª and the variables of interest were interpolated with the Kriging method. Results show that: a) Santiago del Estero is the station with the highest annual ETo: 1767 mm.year-1, while the lowest ETo value is found in Loreto (Misiones) with 1150 mm.year-1; b) the average ETo in January ranges between 160 to 200 mm.month-1, while in July it is between 35 - 90 mm.month-1; c) the average ETo in January in the northeastern part of Cordoba ranges between 165 - 185 mm. month-1 while in July the variability is less pronounced; and d) rainfall in an average hydrological year ranges between 605 and 1825 mm.year-1 with an effective rainfall of 500 and 1400 mm.year-1 that tends to increase towards the northeast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In general, the socioeconomic analysis of natural systems does not enter into the realms of natural science. This paper, however, estimates the human-welfare effects of possible anthropogenic-pressures on the Mendocinian piedmont by a lower provision of environmental services. The discrete choice experiment is applied to elicit the trade-offs in perceived values for three environmental services generated in the basins west of Gran Mendoza (alluvional risk, plant cover, and recreation) and for the costs of programmes designed to mitigate the intensity of such effects. Increased alluvional risk is the anthropogenic-pressure effect on the Mendocinian piedmont that most concerns the population, followed by a decrease of plant cover and recreation. An increase of 1% in alluvional risk is estimated to cost each person, on average, 24.13 pesos (2013 value) yearly in lost welfare, a figure equivalent in social welfare to a decrease of 6% in plant cover. These trade-off values may help policy makers, land managers, and ecologists to consider social preferences in the design of their programmes and activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to find a synergism between maximum solar activity and rains in Azul, Buenos Aires (36°45' S, 59°57' W and altitude. 137 m ), using a series of annual rainfalls from 1913 to 2012. The results showed that the last four solar activity maxima correspond to the years of highest rainfall. Annual rainfalls for those years recorded on average 1317mm (2.4 standard deviation above the mean), which was significantly different from the mean of the last hundred years (855.7mm ±191.1 mm). A positive relationship between years of maximum solar activity and the occurrence of extreme rainfall events that generate excess water and flooding in the rural and urban sectors of Azul was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to get to know the amount of water used by the canned tomato and peach industries in Mendoza, Argentina, at basin level. To this end, the raw material was calculated using data on cultivated area and yields provided by the Registro Permanente de Uso de la Tierra de Mendoza y del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Water volume coefficients per unit of processed raw material ranged from 5 to 25 kg-1 of processed product (excluding irrigation water use in farms). Results were analyzed for different coefficient values related to water use efficiency under optimistic and pessimistic scenarios. It is concluded that the canned tomato and peach industries in Mendoza use between 0.66 and 6.15 hm3/year. The largest amount of water used by the tomato industry is drawn from the Northern basin, reaching 64.9% of the total volume required by such industries. The largest amount of water used by the peach industry is drawn from the Southern basin, reaching 46% of the total volume required by such industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was carried out in 7 alkaline wetlands located in the plain sector of the Azul creek basin (center of Buenos Aires province, Argentina). Such environments, due to soil limitations are used for breeding cattle. The aim of this paper is to analyze these landscape units from a perspective that allows their revaluation, considering the great diversity of plant species of medicinal value that develops in them. 150 species were identified, of which 81 (54%) had medicinal properties. The family with most species with medicinal use was Asteraceae, followed by Poaceae and, to a lesser extent, Apiaceae and Plantaginaceae. The medicinal use group most represented was that of digestive, then diuretic and hepatic. These environments should be considered as providers of ecosystem services because of the wide diversity of their flora and its medicinal potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wine sector in recent decades is experiencing a vertiginous process of changes and new dynamics that are affecting the performance and strategies of firms in the sector: growing internationalization, the fall in the domestic markets of traditional producing countries, the entrance of exogenous capital, etc. The expertise that a given organization demonstrates to adapt to the new situation will be reflected in profitability, the basic indicator for judging efficiency in business management. Starting from a representative sample of firms from Castilla-La Mancha, the greatest wineproducing region in the world, this paper poses a new econometric model consisting of the performance variables defined by the principal component technique. It is inferred from the results that business profitability comes from three variables. First is company structure with greater profitability for capitalist firms than for cooperatives. Second is size where performance is better the larger the size, taking advantage of scale economies. Third is financial structure with greater cost-effectiveness when the firm's make- up prioritizes its own resources and liquidity. On the contrary, the lack of permanent financing to address fixed assets and a trade dynamic orientated toward the sale of low-priced bulk wine significantly reduce profitability ratios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summer diet composition of cattle grazing in systems formed by Nothofagus pumilio forests (lenga) and flood meadows, in Northwest of Chubut, was determined. Forage availability in flood meadows and understory were estimated by cutting aboveground biomass. Cattle diet composition was assessed using faeces microhistological analysis. Diet consisted mainly of Poaceae and Cyperaceae species, which decreased in frequency at the end of summer grazing, on the other hand, frequency of woody species including lenga saplings, increased at the same period. Cattle selected grass species in both periods, and also lenga saplings in the end of summer. Livestock is an important economic activity for the inhabitants of the region. This paper provides information that can be for the elaboration of guideline for sustainable coexistence of forest and cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of arsenic (As) in soils allows migration to crops like chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). In this paper we compare contents of As in three soils of two states of the Mexican Republic, and its accumulation in C. arietinum L. The soils were moderately alkaline, non-saline, intermediate gearboxes and zeta potential (pZ) indicating moderately stable colloidal suspensions. With moderate moisture content and clay-loam textures, bulk density, field capacity, stable aggregates and cation exchange capacity, significantly different and similar infiltration rate and thickness of horizon A. Organic matter, carbon and nitrogen are significantly different and low content. There are important differences between seeds of C. arietinum L. certified or not in their ability to germinate and root development. The genotoxic effects of As in roots of C. arietinum L. appreciated by induction of micronucleus, 2.8- fold reduction of cell division in water samples treated with As, regarding control samples. As was observed increase of 9.5 times in seedlings germinated in soil El Salitre, that in Bella Vista soil, indicative of migration As. The sum effect of concentration of As in soil and water is increased 15.3 times. Among soils Bella Vista and Querétaro, the correlation was 2.9 times greater. In positive controls the IBAs are three times higher than in the experimental tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to determine a glyphosate formulation effects on the root length reduction (average effective concentration: EC50) using germination bioassays with lettuce and wheat seeds. For lettuce nine decreasing doses/treatments between 1,215 and 0.01215 g a.i.ha-1 (formulated as: N phosphonometyl glycine ammonium salt 40.5 [g e.a. glyphosate 36.9% p/v]) and for wheat five decreasing doses (12.15 and 1.215 g a.i.ha‑1) and their respective negative controls (distilled water) were tested. Bioassays were carried out in Petri boxes with wet filter paper with 3 ml of corresponding solution. Twenty seeds were sowed per box, treatments being distributed in blocks at random with 4 repetitions in germination chamber under alternating light and dark condition at 20°C. All seed average root length and repetition were estimated with a digital caliper. The average germination percentage of treatments and the germination index was also determined. EC50 or doses reducing 50% their radical growth for lettuce and wheat were 6.682 and 9.416 g a.i.ha-1. Plant materials tested resulted sensitive to the different glyphosate doses and they can be used as biological indicators of the specific toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to estimate, at basin level, the volume of water used by the wineries in Mendoza, which consists mainly of groundwater. This information can be used to calculate the water balance in the context of industrial water use. Estimates were based on winemaking data provided by the Instituto Nacional de Vitivinicultura. Coefficients of liters of water per liter of wine were obtained through qualified informants as well as by local and international literature; they were applied to wine production per basin. The said coefficients ranged between 1.5 and 6 liters of water/liters of wine, excluding the use of water for irrigation. To analyze the impact of water use on efficieny, consumption, the results were sensitized for three coefficient values. It has been estimated that wineries in Mendoza use between 1.66 and 6.66 hm3/year, depending on water use efficiency. Out of the total volume of water used by wineries, 85.2% is drawn from the Northern Basin of Mendoza, comprising the Mendoza river and the lower reach of the Tunuyan river [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vinal (Prosopis ruscifolia G.) is a highly-tolerant to saline stress species of forest-importance native to the Western Chaco Phytogeographical Region. The aim of this paper was to test the hypothesis that supplementing vinal seedlings with CaSO4 lowers their concentration of toxic ions and increases proline concentration allowing for osmotic adjustment. The seedlings were cultivated in a 25% Hoagland solutions whether adding 0.4 mol L-1 of NaCl or not, and whether supplementing it with 5 or 10 mmol L-1 of CaSO4 or not. Both dry matter, mineral composition, relative water content and proline and soluble sugar concentrations were determined. A totally randomized experimental design was used with five repetitions and the results analyzed with ANOVA and the Tukey test. The results obtained endorse the protecting role of Ca+2 by maintaining Ca+2, K+, and Mg+2 concentrations in tissues; the Na+ absorption inhibition; and the osmotic adjustment by synthesizing osmocompatible solutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present here a real options approach as a tool for strategic decision-making in the forestry sector. We consider, in particular, an exotic option known as a knock-in barrier option. We use this approach to determine the optimal timing of harvests. The optimal time is determined by comparing at each period, the cash flow corresponding to each node (FFij(t)) in a binomial lattice with the expected value in the next year ( Xt+1xe -rΔt ). The traditional NPV indicates, in an hypothetical context analyzed in the paper, that the largest present value is obtained at the tenth year of standing. The real options approach championed here, instead, indicates that the highest value is at the eighteenth year of standing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent evolution of the foods prices has been evaluated in several studies considering: the commercial margins analysis and the prices temporal evolution although more of them have been developed using the consumer optics. In this paper, the temporal evolution of the foods prices in Spain has been analysed in the period 2000-2009 considering the farmer optics. Concretely, information in relation with the prices received by the farmers, the prices paid by them and the consumer price index (CPI) has been used. Then, using a time series analysis, the long run relationships between series have been analysed. The results show a long run balance between the prices received and paid by the farmer and between the CPI and the received prices. The main conclusions show that, in spite of the existing imbalances in the short term, in the long term the received and paid prices tend to a balance situation. An important element in the evolution of the CPI is the prices received by the products in the primary sector. Nevertheless, the inputs price fixation in the primary sector in the long term does not show a significant relationship with the CPI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New precision agriculture technologies allow collecting information from several variables at many georeferenced locations within crop fields. The spatial covariation of soil properties and crop yield data can be evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA). Nevertheless, PCA has not been explicitly developed for spatial data as other multivariate descriptive methods. Other multivariate techniques that include spatial autocorrelation among data of neighborhood sites have been recently developed. In this paper, we apply and compare two multivariate analyses, PCA and spatially constrained multivariate analysis methods (MULTISPATI-PCA). The latter incorporates the spatial information into multivariate analysis calculating Moran's index between the data at one location and the mean values of its neighbors. The results showed that MULTISPATI-PCA detected relations in the data that were not detected with PCA. The mapping of spatial variability from the first principal component was similar between PCA and MULTISPATI-PCA, but maps from the second component were different due to the variance correction by spatial autocorrelation. MULTISPATI- PCA method represents a crucial tool to map spatial variability within a field, and to identify homogeneous zones in a multivariate sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Cynara cardunculus L. primary complex we can find a globe artichoke: Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus and other botanical varieties such as C. cardunculus var. altilis (cultivated cardoon) and C. cardunculus var. sylvestris (wild artichoke). Traditionally, they varieties were grouped according to morphological and biochemical traits and more recently, based on molecular markers. The aim of the present paper was to compare the use of morphological, biochemical and molecular markers to distinguish botanical varieties of Cynara cardunculus. Three accessions of var. scolymus, two accessions of var. altilis and two accessions of var. sylvestris were used. Different morphological variables, electrophoresis seed protein pat terns by SDS-PAGE and SRAP markers were evaluated. The three kinds of markers grouped all materials in two clusters: one of them included the globe artichoke and the other the cardoons. SDS-PAGE is a valid technique for botanical varieties identification but the morphological and molecular data were more effective at discriminating botanical varieties and accessions within the scolymus group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some activities carried out in the Northern part of the province of Mendoza may affect groundwater quality: industrial effluent disposal and reuse for irrigation, fertilizer application, on-site sanitation systems, sewer leaks, etc. In this area, cut across by the Mendoza and Tunuyán rivers, two large hydro-geological units developed from Quaternary sedimentation: unconfined aquifers (area of alluvial cones) and upper water-table and underlying semiconfined and confined aquifers (where the study area is located). The objective of this paper is to identify the source of nitrate contamination in aquifers. Several physical-chemical and biological parameters were analyzed to assess groundwater quality, and isotope techniques were used to trace the origin of groundwater and the source of nitrates. Results show that nitrate contamination in semi-confined and confined aquifers does not originate in the overlying unconfined aquifer, which is affected by reuse of industrial effluents, but is caused by the horizontal groundwater flow from the greater Mendoza area contaminated by sewer leakage and on-site sanitation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New biotechnologies allow to obtain information for genetic characterization from multiple molecular and/or morphological markers. The ordination of genetic material through the exploration of variability patterns is addressed by multivariate methods. Dimension reduction techniques (DRT) and graphic representation are crucial to visualize multivariate data in low-dimensional spaces since it facilitate the understanding of relationships among individuals and/or markers. The principal component analysis, the multidimensional scaling and generalized procrustes analysis are dimension reduction techniques applicable to data from molecular and/or morphological markers. The minimum spanning trees and the biplots are techniques that allow geometrical representations of results from DRT. This paper describes such techniques and its applications are illustrated on a dataset with molecular and morphological markers characterizing fungus genetic material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to explore the availability of raw materials that could have been used in the manufacture of greyware ceramics at the site archaelogical San Ignacio (AD 640), located in the Potrerillos Valley in the northern part of the province of Mendoza. It is attempted to experimentally reproduce production and firing clay-baking techniques in order to obtain a product with analogous characteristics to the archaeological ceramics. The methodology consisted of these stages: collection of clays, characterization of physical properties of raw material, chemical analyses, experimental development of firing baking and post clay-baking analyses of the experimental products. The products show a good material structure and sintering, although a completely reductive atmosphere, using this particular kind of fuel, was not achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we offer elements for the performance of the work A Cage for Sirius. These elements come up from our particular research. The methodology used is based on the musical semiology by Jean-Jacques Natiez and the rhythmic concepts by Leonard Meyer and Grosvenor Cooper. Our paper present the materials and processes that build the musical discourse whereby, Lavista, pay homage to John Cage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of the ongoing research “The Argentinian pianistic school", authorized and subsidized by The National Agency of Scientific and Technological Research (Proyecto Picto 00043-2007), and the Secretariat of Science, Technology and Postgraduate Studies of the Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. The aim of our research is to go further into the demonstration of the existence of an Argentinian pianistic school, based on the theory proposed by Piero Rattalino in his 1983 book, Le grandi scuole pianistiche. Rattalino elaborates a pianistic genealogy starting from Mozart, Clementi and Beethoven, including the evolution of the pianistic technique from the beginnings of the pianoforte up to the great pianist-pedagogues of the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oasis irrigated by the Mendoza River (Province of Mendoza, Argentina) -like most cities at present- is facing problems such as urban encroachment into agricultural land, multiplicity of users, and reduced availability of water resources, both in quantity and quality. Efforts and investments have been made to secure water availability (improved efficiencies, water saving); however, this is not the case as regards preservation of water quality. The agricultural sector in Mendoza has become the victim of pollution caused by urban and industrial development due to effluent discharges (point and/or diffuse) in the irrigation network. Studies conducted in Mendoza's Northern Oasis have shown high levels of phosphate pollution in the Mendoza River. The objective of this paper is to study the spatio-temporal evolution as well as the sources of this type of pollution. The study, which was based on a number of samplings carried out from 2003 to 2009, points to moderate levels of phosphate pollution in the Northern Oasis irrigated by the Mendoza River. Considerably high phosphate levels were also detected at three specific sites in the oasis: 1. the area irrigated by the Cacique Guaymallén and Jocolí canals (phosphate levels were six times the phosphate content in the water: from 0.2 mg L-1 at site R I to 1-2 mg L-1 at site C II); downstream of this latter site only a small area of 7300 ha is irrigated; 2. the area irrigated by the Pescara Canal downstream of site DVIII (1,250 ha), with mean content values seventeen times higher (8.5 mg L-1) than at site D I (0.49 mg L-1), where agricultural and stormwater runoff is discharged; 3. the Lower Mendoza River area, where phosphate content increased sixteen times in the middle and tail-end sections of the system, with mean values ranging from 0.2 mg L-1 at site R II to 3.25 mg L-1 at R III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at assessing performance of drip irrigation in irrigated areas of the Mendoza and Tunuyán river basins in the Province of Mendoza, Argentina. Assessments in 17 properties made it possible to determine uniformity coefficients, irrigation water salinity and soil salinity at the head, center and tail of the irrigation unit, in the wet bulb and in the spacing between laterals in two layers of the soil profile (0.10-0.30 m and 0.30-0.50 m). Soil texture and its possible relation with salinity levels measured in the rhizosphere were also determined. The uniformity coefficient in 18% of the irrigation subunits was below the recommended range and significant differences were observed in 94% of the properties between mean lows in irrigation subunits and operational sectors. When soil extracted from the bulb was compared with soil extracted from the spacing between laterals, significant differences were found in salinity of the soil saturation extract, in sodium content and in chloride anion content. No differences in the above variables were found at different soil depths. Increase in salinity levels was due to: sampling location (bulb or spacing between laterals), irrigation water quality, and soil texture. Variations in sodium content, on the other hand, depended on sampling location (bulb or spacing between laterals) and bicarbonate content in the soil. Results show that routine assessments of uniformity of irrigation systems and irrigation-induced-salinization should be carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines several indicators of soil quality in Spanish olive grove through Delphi methodology, in particular, texture, fertility, colour, depth, compaction, aeration, organic matter and water infiltration. This paper describes the farmer's perception about levels of soil erosion in the studied zone, taking into account their level of adoption of agrarian innovations and their attitude towards economic risk related to the application of new technologies. The panel of experts selected is composed of 63 growers in the upper basin of Genil River in 2005; this area is characterized by hillside olive groves and medium-high levels of soil erosion, so that farming is heavily dependent on soil conservation practices, specifically by tillage following contour lines, no-tillage with herbicides and maintaining of pruning on the top soil (by preliminary survey at 2004), as well as its promotion through the recent European agri-environment legislation in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the North of the Entre Ríos province, a model for rice production has been developed, based in the use of superficial water from more than 60 land dams with variable surfaces. The usage of agrochemicals in the area might bring a contamination factor to the soil and dam water. The objective of this work was to determine water quality from 19 irrigation dams situated in the Central North of the Entre Ríos province through germination bioassays of Lactuca sativa, butterhead variety. Bioassays were carried out in Petri boxes with filter paper at the bottom, wet with 3 ml of corresponding sample water. Twenty seeds were sowed per box, treatments being distributed in blocks at random with 4 repetitions in germination chamber under alternating light and dark condition. Germination percentage was recorded and the average root length; a germination index was estimated. The average germination percentage of treatments was 96.07% and 97.9% in the control treatment. The germination index in all cases was higher than 60% and toxicity was not detected in the water from different dams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]