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The Civil Procedure Law, which entered into force in January 2001, was amended nine times in 2015. In some cases, the amendments completed the modernisation process of the Civil Procedure Law that started with its enactment. This is the case of the Law on Voluntary Jurisdiction and the Law on International Legal Cooperation. In other cases, the amendments were due to the pressing need to modernise technical methods and involved introducing the new electronic auction system and the general use of telematics means for court communications and to file procedural documents. Some of the amendments were carried out to improve the functioning of the courts and tribunals: the reform of the Judiciary Law and its impact on civil procedure, or its own procedures, which, by way of example, can be highlighted by the introduction of the written response in the oral proceedings or the possibility of lodging an appeal for a court to reverse its rulings on evidence. This paper aims to provide a general analysis of all the amendments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to analyze the technical novelties brought by the project of standardized regulation UNE 19601 on criminal risks management systems (version published on 8 February 2017 for public consultation). This paper will (i) contextualize the UNE 19601 in the Spanish current criminal compliance scene; (ii) examine the regulation's specificities and explain the requisites that are not directly issued from article 31 bis of the Spanish criminal Code, and (iii) briefly explain the audit procedure that may conclude with a conformity certification, if successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historiography traditionally considered as minor the situation of women in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries limited to casual activities in social life and in a commercial sense as related to business for small amounts of money and no formalities. However, this paper provides information and data on the existence of numerous trading companies established by women in Seville. These companies had a wide range of business activities and share capitals varying from minimum to some of big entity. The initiative of entrepreneuring is not peculiar to women belonging to a marital status, yet widow, emancipated and married women used companies for the development of business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 5 October 2015, Law 41/2015 amending the Criminal Procedure for the acceleration of criminal justice and the strengthening of procedural safeguards was passed. Among other measures, Law 41/2015 introduces maximum time limits for the investigation stage of criminal proceedings. This paper sets out an initial approach to the way these time limits are expected to apply in practice and assesses their impact on the way criminal proceedings are conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conquest of peruvian territory was made by a small group of spaniards led by Francisco Pizarro in 1532. Its rapid domination of the Inca Empire, and the remoteness from the Castilian crown, made of Peru a quasi leader's personal domination. As time went on, it was more difficult for the Crown to impose his authority over that group of wealthy encomenderos who vied for political control of the Peruvian viceroyalty. Therefore, in 1542, the Emperor Charles V passed the New Laws, a body of law that imposed a tight grip on the American encomenderos and alleviated the situation of exploitation suffered by the Indians. This paper analyzes the survival of medieval legal discourse in the revolt of the encomendero Gonzalo Pizarro in Peru 1544, not as decrepit rebel strategy, if not a central part of a speech still valid and legally enforceable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]