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The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic to hit Africa (February-September 2020) was not particularly virulent either in terms of cases detected or lethality. However, the presence of the virus and the subsequent restrictions exacerbated pre-existing inequalities based on ethnicity, class and gender. This paper analyses the impacts of the pandemic on refugee women, who are subject to "structural vulnerability" and "multisystemic violence" in Africa. After analysing the ten African countries with the largest refugee populations, the different forms and levels of these impacts are systematised, along with the consequences and implications for refugee women in the long term, highlighting the need for strategies to be adopted towards this group at various levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the political paths of congresswomen in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Chile between 2009 and 2016. Their trajectories are classified according to their previous experience and the territorial levels at which they won elections before entering congress, and includes both novices and professionals. The professionals had prior political experience at either national or subnational level, with some having won re-election. Despite the countries' differing institutional structures, the vast majority held their first political position at national level - in congress (novices). Among the professionals, most of them in Chile, Ecuador and Peru began their careers at national level, while in Colombia and Bolivia they began at subnational level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Latin America, political parties are a fundamental barrier to achieving more equal representation. This paper focuses on Ecuador, which has become a regional pioneer in the legal aspects of political equality, but whose parties nevertheless show notable resistance to implementing these regulations. The main objective is to identify the extent to which Ecuador's political parties and movements promote or impede women's participation and political representation. To this end, the work forms part of an empirical-descriptive approach that seeks to construct an index for comparing the modalities and strategies political parties implement to promote equality between men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the time of the 20th anniversary of the adoption of United Nations Security Council resolution 1325, this paper conducts a critical analysis of the track record of the international Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda. The text retraces the history of the WPS agenda by examining its key features, strengths, gaps and weaknesses. What are the main criticisms made of the series of measures on the WPS agenda and their implementation? Answering this question enables us to glimpse the agenda's major weaknesses, as well as the key challenges for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Latin America, the first two decades of the 21st century have been a time of growth for women's political leadership. However, this has not been reflected in recent scientific research at regional level, which remains relatively scarce on the subject, especially when it comes to right-wing parties and movements. Based on a study of journalistic sources and the discourses of leading women on the right, this paper seeks to fill this gap by examining the trajectories of these women and the gender views expressed in their political discourses and agendas. To do this, it studies a group of Latin American women linked to or aspiring to the highest positions in executive power: Mireya Moscoso (Panama), Laura Chinchilla (Costa Rica), Gabriela Michetti (Argentina), Marta Lucía Ramírez (Colombia), Keiko Fujimori (Peru) and Evelyn Martínez Fornet (Chile). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]