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The aim of this paper is to present new theorisations of social structure in light of the new sociologies of the individual currently being developed in France. Although these sociologies are little known, they have significant value in rethinking today's society and sociology. Starting from a review of the concept and the main conceptions of social structure, I will focus on the most significant contributions of these new sociologies of the individual. To do this, on the one hand, it will be shown that the two classical traditions of social structure (institutional or cultural and as a class structure) are insufficient to explain today's society, in which the individual has become the main protagonist and key focus of sociology. On the other hand, in contrast with the old sociologies of the individual, which are centred on the micro level of social interaction, this paper analyses new structural constraints that limit the individual's action. The paper concludes with an invitation to develop these new sociologies at an individual scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the results of a research project on relative social mobility patterns in Spain during the second half of the 20th century. The data were collected by the Spanish National Statistics Institute for the Survey of Incomes and Living Conditions (2005). This empirical material has not been used previously and it provides new data about the last decade of the 20th century. The social fluidity models created by Erikson and Goldthorpe in The Constant Flux (1992) have been applied. In short, this paper confirms that the rates of the social fluidity remain invariant during this period and that the patterns of core social fluidity for European countries closely match the Spanish case. Nevertheless, this mobility regime has certain particularities resulting from the characteristics of Spain's social and economic structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the same way as any other type of social organization, NGOs evidence the existence of gender inequalities in their structure and internal functioning. This paper aims at analysing this issue in the case of Development NGOs, through the study of the practices, dynamics and rhetoric that go on inside them. Particular attention is paid to one of its effects: the (in)visibility of women in this kind of organization, an examination being made of the two dimensions of this phenomenon. On the one hand, the paper studies the invisibility of gender issues, which arises out of the inequality that exists in such organizations. On the other hand, we focus on the excessive visibility of anything that goes against established rules, starting out from the processes of change in the gender roles that are occurring in some Development NGOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper pretends to demonstrate the complementary relations between three relatively recent sociological theories, each one of which explains a different aspect of the same social object: the origin, diffusion and change of social and cultural values, aiming at demonstrating that there is not such a thing as a sociological theory that explains all, but rather diverse theories that offer partial explanations of social reality. To that effect, and on the basis of the necessary relationship between theory and research, three different theories are evaluated separately: Hawley's and Duncan's theory of the social ecosystem, Galtung's centre-periphery theory, and Inglehart's theory of values' change in modern-industrial societies, offering theoretical and empirical evidence of their complementary relations, based on Spanish and international data. Social ecosystem and centre-periphery theories show a high level of generalization (through space and time) and a high level of abstraction, though both can easily operationalize their main concepts through valid and reliable indicators. The theory of values' change, however, though showing a high level of generalization, is limited in time to the historical period after World War II, and also shows a high level of abstraction. Centre-periphery theory and values' change theory use individual and collective units of analysis, but social ecosystem theory only uses collective units, by definition. The three theories lead to the conclusion that 'security' values will gain a growing importance in present societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes the analysis of disability from a sociological perspective similar to that of the Anglo-Saxon social model. It implies a critique of the traditional perspective, according to which disability is understood as an impairment suffered by an individual, abstracting it from the socio-cultural context in which it takes on meaning (the medical-physiological model). If this context is taken into consideration, we can verify that disability, as a social phenomenon, includes three interconnected areas: daily practices, social identity and social stratification. This analysis implies the development of a theoretical framework that sets disability in terms of «difference» in order to show the reasons by which it turns into marginalization, exclusion and oppression. In addition, that theoretical framework has to be created by developing empirical studies that gather the experience of disabled people themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]