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Europe has introduced an institutional strategy in the University to move from an educational model, focused on teaching, to another, focused on learning, applying the necessity of evaluation in order to improve academic performance. This technique analyzes the evaluation system's effect, based on the development of different activities, which stand out a teaching innovation technique --named one minute paper-- from the academic result trough probit and tobit models. Results show that students satisfactorily participate in all the activities, which have a positive influence on the probability to pass the subject on the first official summon and on the obtain grade. One minute paper demonstrated its utility in order to improve the academic results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies key research on the factors that help to explain university dropout and how these factors are being explored by means of artificial intelligence (AI). The study describes the methodology employed to select 31 papers from a repository of 2,745 reported in the literature. The analysis centered on the main AI methods used and four categories of explanatory factors of university dropout: academic factors; factors associated with motivation and study habits; institutional factors; and economic and sociodemographic factors. The conclusion drawn from this literature review is that AI is most commonly used for decision tree-based classification, and most studies focus on predicting university dropout on the basis of explanatory factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of digital technologies in teaching has demonstrated the importance of teacher digital competence (TDC) as a key element in educating 21st-century citizens. The complex nature of TDC makes it challenging to find a definition that encompasses the full meaning of the term. This paper offers a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA Statement, analyzing the definitions of TDC in 31 publications with the aim of identifying their similarities and differences and reviewing their relationship with the dimensions that make up TDC. The results show an imbalance in the dimensions present, and notably, an almost universal absence of the relational, ethical and security dimension. The paper concludes by offering an integrative definition of TDC that enables teachers and educational institutions to understand the scope of this professional competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, based on qualitative interviews realized between 2014 and 2022 with 36 Central American migrant women captured by drug cartels when they transited through Mexico, aims to examine the different repertories used by criminal organizations to capture, exploit, and subject the victims to a condition of sexual slavery. It is concluded that criminal groups have developed four different repertories, which aim to tame the body and mind of the slaves to achieve total submission: kidnapping, deception, recruitment in the country of origin and extortion. Inside these organizations the roles of victim and perpetrator are interchangeable, and enslaved women are not always passive victims, but some rescue themselves using both astuteness and brute force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic work is an oppressive occupational niche for migrant women. The strategies domestic workers employ to resist this situation have been scarcely studied. This paper is interested in their activism. Through a qualitative study in southern Spain, the meaning of such socio-political action for migrant women is explored. In the spring of 2020, eleven activists from the Seville Association of Domestic Workers were interviewed. The material was subjected to content analysis. The meanings associated with their activism were grouped into four categories: (1) the horizon of "struggle", (2) the forms of "struggle", (3) the levels of involvement, and (4) the challenges of activism. The results are limited to a historically recent case, and to a small sample chosen purposively; however, they contribute to the understanding of migrant women's agency, and open fields of reflection for domestic workers' organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a framework based on three dimensions (material, educational, and psychoemotional) to explore the characteristics, processes, and outcomes of emergency remote education introduced by inperson universities during the COVID-19 pandemic. With this aim, two ad hoc questionnaires were designed and administered in April-May to a sample of 220 teachers and 548 students in a Spanish university. The most significant findings show digital inequality between students in terms of technological equipment and the quality of connectivity. Remote education was designed as a way to transfer the inperson teaching model to a virtual environment. Both teachers and students experienced an overload of work, which may help to explain the high levels of stress experienced by both groups. The research concludes with proposals to improve the quality and effectiveness of distance learning in any future crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore the issue of rural education in context, through the eyes of community educational leaders in a program run by the National Council for Education Development (CONAFE), who provide teaching services in marginalized rural communities in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. A qualitative methodology was employed, with a focus group formed for discussion with participants. The results are presented along two lines of analysis: initiation into teaching from a perspective of subjectivity and training, and experience of the program's principles as a pedagogical ideal that has not been fully appropriated. Some overarching guidelines for action are proposed that may help to improve the program as part of its goal to offer quality education to Mexico's rural and marginal urban population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies that examine school supervision and its effects on quality in education. The objective of this work is to take stock of the effects of supervision on basic-level (primary and lower secondary) schools and identify supervisory practices that help or hinder educational improvement, based on which a typology of supervisors was constructed according to their role and observed impact. The findings show that school supervision has the potential to achieve an impact in improving the quality of education, provided it is not associated with inspectional practices and a system of support is developed to make timely recommendations and provide pedagogical support in schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes how educational communities perceive the stimulation of 21st-century skills in students. A quantitative approach was employed, following a descriptive non-experimental research design, with a sample of 692 subjects comprising teachers, students, and parents and guardians. The results reveal a perceived lack of stimulation of digital skills like robotics, electronics, and the development of mobile applications; social skills like taking a rights-based or gender-based approach; emotional skills like self-care and resilience; and cognitive skills like creative and computational thinking. In conclusion, educational communities exhibit only a moderate perception of the stimulation of 21st-century skills, which demonstrates a need to strengthen initiatives to promote these skills in the education system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes some similarities and differences in interaction and the type of content published on two digital platforms (a Google+ virtual community and the social network Facebook) among young people from two indigenous communities in two regions of the state of Puebla (Mexico). The intention of the research was to explore the use of digital interactive technologies as part of informal learning processes. Data was collected through participant observation, both in person and online, and comparisons were made from digital content produced by indigenous youth. The results show some similarities to previous publications, highlighting, for example, the memories of the people or the oral or written use of indigenous languages, but also identify differences based on each region's sociocultural resources. The study concludes that these digital platforms become informal learning spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feedback on teaching practices is an essential part of teachers' professional development. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the use of rubrics to improve the quality of feedback on teachers' performance in the classroom. The study sample comprised 32 participants randomly assigned to an experimental or a control group. The experimental group worked together to design their rubric to support and give feedback on teacher performance in the classroom, while the control group was assigned a standardized rubric. The results point to significant differences in the quality of feedback in favor of the experimental group, whose feedback was more formative and offered greater guidance. The research concludes that rubrics, providing direction for reflection on teaching practice and promoting teachers' professional development and a transformation of the teaching-learning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the experiences of vulnerability and the development of resilience in trans women and gay men from Central America who transited through Mexico to the United States between 2017 and 2020. Based on interviews conducted in a shelter for lgbt+ migrants in Tijuana, it is shown that vulnerability is expressed in acts of violence and discrimination by authorities, criminal organizations, and other migrants, in response to the sexual orientation and gender identity of trans women and gay men. In contrast, resilience developed thanks to the support provided by networks of the lgbt+ community itself in the form of chosen families and civil society spaces. From this, it is observed that even within vulnerability, mobility enables the development of resilience through new ways of living gender and sexuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the impact of the international trade on employment of the northern border states of Mexico and its integration with the economy of the United States during 2007-2020. In order to analyze the effect of commercial penetration on the evolution of employment in the region, a dynamic panel model is used to estimate the effect of exports and imports. The results indicate that at the level of total exports there is no clear correlation of the penetration of exports on employment in the region. In contrast, the penetration of manufacturing exports and imports showed a positive and statistically significant effect on manufacturing employment in the northern border region of Mexico. The coefficient of average manufacturing wages showed an inverse coefficient suggesting that the employment dynamics are limiting the growth of wage income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a study that sought to analyze conditions and challenges in the research training of students of teaching. To this end, a questionnaire was administered to 299 students and interviews were conducted with 8 professors of courses aimed at strengthening research skills. A linear regression model and multilevel model were used to analyze quantitative data, while textual analysis was used for qualitative information. The results show that a system of favorable beliefs and conceptions about research, student profiles upon entry to the university, and curriculum structure all play an important role in developing skills. Also linked to research training are the form of study and the academic level and research performance of professors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the relationship between adolescents and YouTubers, with the aim of understanding the meaning and extent of the impact of following a given YouTuber. The limited scientific research on this subject has noted the importance of aspects such as the type of content in video broadcasts, the state of mind that these figures impress upon adolescents, and the level of proximity and idealization displayed by younger followers. To conduct this study, we developed and validated an ad hoc questionnaire. The results support the dimensions proposed and perpetuate certain gender roles. We conclude it is necessary to develop critical media education, raising awareness among families and teachers of the importance of this issue and the need to foster a critical approach in young people to "following" these new idols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a theoretical model for the study of mathematical talent, grounded in the Anthropological Theory of Didactics (ATD) and the notion of creativity. This model proposes two components of creative mathematical activity: the mathematical component, which supports mathematical techniques; and the creative component, defined by four functions: producing new techniques, optimizing techniques, considering tasks from different angles, and adapting a technique. Based on the theoretical model and a reference epistemological model on infinite sequences, a learning design comprising six problem situations was developed and then implemented in an institution established to foster mathematical talent. The analysis of two tasks performed by a pair of children offers a case study that illustrates how tackling challenging tasks of the same kind, in a favorable institutional setting, makes it possible to develop mathematical talent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of advances in research on nonformal education (NFE), this paper examines the experience of Mayan women from the community of Canicab, in the municipality of Acanceh (Yucatán, Mexico). The objective was to understand the levels of shared agency in an NFE activity performed in a context characterized as an attempt to produce conditions of critical interculturality. The research employs a methodology of feminist-activist ethnography. The NFE activities that the women involved took part in dealt with issues relating to women's rights, education, and heritage, and led to the organization of the First Meeting of Mayan Women in Canicab. The findings show a high level of shared agency among women from Canicab and their external partners. The results were discussed with the women who participated in order to help them improve their educational and organizational endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a comparative study that seeks to identify conceptions of the importance of four types of formal content in history teaching (periods of history, cross-cutting themes in history, history of places, and national historical processes) among a group of Colombian (M = 764) and Spanish (N = 648) students in the last year of compulsory education in the cities of Bogotá and Murcia, respectively. A descriptive approach was followed based on a closed-ended questionnaire relating to historical consciousness, with item responses measured on a Likert scale. The results support the idea that the interest shown by students in the formal content proposed is an indicator that calls for a critical review of the structure and organization of history curricula in the two contexts studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a differential study on the way education was delivered within families during the COVID-19 lockdown (spring 2020) in the Valencian Community (Spain). Composite indicators based on responses to a survey for families were used to describe their difficulties (identified as "gaps") in homeschooling. We also considered traditional indicators of family socioeconomic and cultural level. Taking into account the characteristics of the distributions, we analyzed the results using nonparametric tests (chisquare, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H). Our findings advocate more work to further identify and define valid composite indicators to describe the contexts in which families operate as an educational setting, in order to use them as covariate variables for family socioeconomic and cultural level in research on factors associated with performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The general objective of this paper is to analyze and explain the paradox of why objective knowledge based upon "facts and hard data" has been insufficient to forge a narrative, particularly in the U.S. side, that would lead towards a deeper cooperation and make the U.S.-Mexico border more fluid, functional and integrated. The main question is: why the "re-territorialization" narrative of reinforcing differences and solidifying the border has prevailed? The theoretical framework that guides this analysis is the Aristotelian concept of "phronesis" or "practical wisdom" to settle beliefs that cannot be reached through an objective scientific rationality. The issue of power is of great interest in this analysis; particularly, the paper explores the relationship between knowledge and communications power as explanatory factors to understand the forging of a narrative of reinforcing borders. The conclusion is that the military-surveillance industrial complex has been the most influential actor behind the kind of knowledge that shape border policy compared to academic and scientific knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the paper is to analyze the experiences of returned migrants in Tejupilco, State of Mexico. We use the phenomenological epoche as a theoretical and methodological axis, and we apply it to ten individuals who migrated to the United States that for different reasons returned to Mexico (August-November 2007). In this way, the paper starts from the premise that it is necessary to deepen the migratory experience, beyond the established pragmatic knowledge, and to base the experiences of the individuals in a factual way. The results show the need for the social sciences to appreciate the migration issue in a phenomenological way. The findings demonstrated the existence a migratory identity of dynamic nature that does not depend on macrosocial factors but depends on the activity performed by the subject as a social actor. Likewise, the results allow us to conclude that the way in which migrants assimilate the meaning of experience is a source of transcendental meaning that currently represents their lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successful students are often concentrated in wealthier regions. This paper examines the possible impact of students' geographical location on their achievement, evaluated externally in bachelor's degree programs in economics (taught face-to-face or via traditional or virtual distance learning) in higher education institutions in Colombia. An analysis was conducted using georeferenced and geolocated models, based on students' assessment results from the Colombian Institute for Educational Assessment's (ICFES) FTP system and the Political and Administrative Division (DIVIPOLA) system. High achievement was recorded in face-to-face learning in central regions like Bogotá and Antioquia, but also in more remote regions in traditional distance learning, despite the fact that location did not exhibit statistically significant trends in the spatial autocorrelation measure Moran's I. Lastly, we discuss the trends found and the possible limitations of this model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper applies educational data mining algorithms to present an analysis of the most relevant characteristics of potential dropout students. The study used a dataset of 10,635 instances, acquired between 2014 and 2019 from 53 bachelor's degree programs at a private university in the state of Puebla (Mexico). The results show that the model obtained from the decision trees performs better than other algorithms and allows for easy interpretation through decision rules. Furthermore, the model performs better than other related models in the literature that have been applied to the same problem. The methods used to select characteristics yielded the most important attributes to identify potential dropouts, such as the period, last semester completed, credits completed, attendance, courses failed, and program. These attributes and decision rules can be used to create mechanisms that help prevent dropout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A literature review is presented about the returning migrant students in the educational system in Mexico, which included both research papers and other types of academic texts, available from 2006 to 2018, and around this population. The revision allowed to identify the research methods and the thematic issues: a typology of these students based in variables such as age, nationality and migration status, the conditions upon the access to and the needs that arise during their permanence in the educational context. Also an educational profile emerged, based on information about their psychological traits, their previous linguistic and schooling experiences, as well as aspects related with the school coexistence and the social integration. Although the existent research is useful to know their characteristics and needs upon the return, studies that inquire aspects such as the relationship bilingualism-academic development, in the different educational levels, are still scarce and thus necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problematic Internet Use (PIU) is becoming common among university students. This research set out to identify the psychological and physical variables associated with PIU and examine the influence of PIU on these variables. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The review found 51 studies with a total sample size of 136,760 subjects, while 12 studies were identified for the meta-analysis. The results showed that the main psychological and physical variables associated with PIU are a lack of self-control, anxiety, low self-esteem, low levels of physical activity, and low academic self-efficacy. However, the meta-analysis found that only PIU -- for which statistically significant differences were observed -- was a predictor of anxiety and low self-esteem. Lastly, this paper discusses the practical implications of this research and the need for preventive action and education on the proper use of technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A literature review is presented about the returning migrant students in the educational system in Mexico, which included both research papers and other types of academic texts, available from 2006 to 2018, and around this population. The revision allowed to identify the research methods and the thematic issues: a typology of these students based in variables such as age, nationality and migration status, the conditions upon the access to and the needs that arise during their permanence in the educational context. Also an educational profile emerged, based on information about their psychological traits, their previous linguistic and schooling experiences, as well as aspects related with the school coexistence and the social integration. Although the existent research is useful to know their characteristics and needs upon the return, studies that inquire aspects such as the relationship bilingualism-academic development, in the different educational levels, are still scarce and thus necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes to analyse the interrelation of two dynamics of territorial occupation based on American expansionism in an agroindustrial region of northwestern Mexico. The paper will analyze, from a longitudinal perspective, the colonization processes through economic development and the establishment of a Protestant religious model in the productive model and in the regional settlement of one of the most important agro-exporting zones of the northwest of Mexico. Despite limitations in the method, the work excels in connecting complex dynamics of globalization that are usually analyzed separately. The work shows the development of a colonial sense in the dynamics of territorial occupation of companies linked to agro-industry and the development of a Protestant religious field in the borders; at the same time, it identifies the dispute over the possession of a regional identity that has not remained untouched by conflicts between the local settlers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to examine what are the methods used by Mexican drug cartels to recruit migrant smugglers and which are the activities carried by former migrant smugglers in these organizations. A qualitative methodology was used, consistent in the realization, between 2011 and 2015, of interviews with 107 migrant smugglers (105 men and 2 women). This paper concludes that after 2013, there has been an increase of recruitment of migrant smugglers by drug cartels without coercion, and that the activities carried out by them are increasingly violent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the dynamics present in the relations between tourism, security and criminality in a border area, observing how the criminal and inequality dynamics coincide territorially with the spaces destined for visitors. The article investigates the case of Ciudad Juárez, a Mexican economic border center that has a significant flow of displacements with the usa. The study was conducted through secondary data on marginalization (2010) and prevailing crime (2010-2015) in Ciudad Juárez. The maps show that the spaces destined for tourism are not found in the most dangerous areas of the city, which implies that the visitor runs very little real risk if they do not extrapolate the dynamics of the comfort zone of the tourist territories. In Juárez, focusing on tourism security, there are much more representations of insecurity than a real threat to tourists who will hardly leave the comfort zones of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the representations that future elementary school teachers have in a University of Ñuble region for the family and parental roles assigned to them in education. In line with the objective, a comprehensive interpretive study using qualitative methodology is developed. Among the most important findings we found that roles that subjects assign families are located in two clearly defined dimensions; on one hand, support on the educational field through the completion school duties and, secondly, the inculcation of habits that facilitate the establishment of a classroom climate in favor of learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of socio-emotional discursive strategies employed by students in collaborative tasks online. A multiple-case study was conducted to explore collaborative processes among three groups of students enrolled in the psychopedagogy degree in the first academic cycle of 2014 at the Open University of Catalonia (UOC). To complete the task, students made contributions to an asynchronous communication forum for thirty days. The results point to four types of socio-emotional discursive strategies that have a significant impact on group performance: i) the use of inclusive pronouns; ii) the formulation of expectations about the task; iii) positive feedback on the way the group is working; and iv) expressions of mutual support among participants. It is also concluded that the groups with the best learning outcomes tend to maintain or increase their use of socio-emotional discursive strategies over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper report the construction of a questionnaire to investigate high school students' representations of physics concepts. The development of the instrument went through different stages of revisions and implementation among students and experts in Physics. The final version was applied to a sample of 120 high school students (Science and Humanities College, UNAM). Questionaire validity included item analysis of intelligibility, completeness, and structure equivalence. The Rasch Partial Credit Model analysis was conducted to identify the different levels of knowledge integration of students' responses. Alpha Cronbach was calculated (0.75) as a measure of reliability. Results show that the questionnaire characterizes properly the diverse types of external representations used by students -e.g. written answers, schemes, graphs and drawings. The results obtained through this kind of questionnaires can contribute to the new theoretical approaches in science education focused on representations and their dynamics of change in students' thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a literature review of research journals in science teaching in Latin America and the Caribbean with the aim of identifying, describing and characterizing the main lines of research. The documentary basis is made up of 15 scientific journals and 490 papers that report work in educational research. From the abstracts of the papers it was possible to identify the problems addressed, which were grouped into five dimensions: learning science, teaching science, the science curriculum, science teachers and students of science teaching. The results show that teaching and learning science is the main problem addressed by most studies conducted in Latin America and the Caribbean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ecuadorian university system has undergone significant organizational transformations in recent years. Given this situation, the main objective of this study is to describe the most relevant legislative changes affecting university administration in Ecuador following the 2008 constitutional reform. To this end, this study reviewed papers by Ecuadorian authors and analyzed the most significant regulatory frameworks that have governed the way higher education institutions operate. The paper points out the lack of scientific and specialized bibliography in the most commonly used databases by academics, and makes reference to the need to generate and strengthen research on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the social right to health of a group of Mexicans deported in the context of their migration between Mexico and the US. Based on 20 semi-structured interviews with deportees living in the city of Monterrey, Nuevo León, it explores the search for medical care and access to healthcare services during a migratory trajectory conformed of three stages: destination, interception and return. The results emerge from a dual experience, first, as irregular immigrants in the United States and, later, as deportees in Mexico. The right to health was partially exercised in both national contexts with health systems and policies that exclude, either on purpose or by omission, irregular immigrants and deportees. The period of residence or absence, as well as family networks, acted as antagonistic factors encouraging or inhibiting access to health, according to the migratory stage analyzed. This right was typically exercised during medical emergencies caused mainly by accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to analyze the demographic and socioeconomic profiles of Guatemalan households by indigenous language in the southern border states of Mexico. In particular, it is explored how many Guatemalan households are settled, how they are configured and how they are integrated in structural terms, based on the Intercensus Survey 2015. To this end, descriptive statistics and a multinomial logistic model are used. The analysis indicates that Guatemalan households are concentrated in rural localities, are numerous and younger, and mainly work in the primary sector. Their socioeconomic integration is disadvantaged in aspects such as labor and housing conditions and access to social services. Nevertheless, Guatemalan indigenous households exhibit higher levels of social integration than their non-indigenous counterparts in the access to citizenship, housing and governmental economic transfers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last five years, production has increased over the Chilean Peruvian border. However, the ethnographic deepening of the dynamics of this corridor will allow us to delve into its complex cross-border nature, allowing us to discuss theoretical and methodological proposals. This paper addresses the social, eco-nomic and cultural dynamics of the Second-Use Clothing and Footwear Trade Shows on the southern Peruvian border, complementing studies conducted in northern Chile. Finally, the results presented will discuss theoretical assumptions proposed for the Chilean-Peruvian border corridor. In this way, by means of an ethnographic methodology developed based on interview and observation techniques, it is sought to generate evidence of the socio-territorial dynamics manifested in the public sphere of the mentioned fairs. Finally, we will observe that the public sphere itself described allows us to discuss the territorial scales of analysis of the border corridor generating indications to consider a scale that extends to the Peruvian and Bolivian Altiplano. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims at analyzing the social insertion of regional migrants in the Bahía Blanca municipality (Buenos Aires province, Argentina), focusing in their access to the social rights recognized by the Migration Law 25.871, in the period between 2010-2018. Through a qualitative research, this paper identifies the "critical knots/issues" in the access and usefulness of health resources and services of migrants, highlighting a set of institutional, cultural and social conditions that limit the practical exercise of citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to identify relevant methodological and contextual aspects of scientific initiation projects in the virtual programs in journalism and communication offered by the Politécnico Grancolombiano. The methodology employed a systematic review of the formative research projects in the institution's repository. By applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, an analysis matrix was constructed from all the documents deposited in the repository over a set period of time. The results show that 52% of high-quality research projects feature students from different regions of Colombia, highlighting the existence of collaborative work in virtual environments. The communicative products exhibit a clear relationship with students' formative communication skills. The study conclusion proposes an ongoing analysis with tutors from different levels (as a pedagogical strategy) to consolidate projects in both programs at a disciplinary level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to explain academic achievement in Mathematics based on individual student characteristics. The study takes the case of Paraguay, a country below the regional average in recent international assessments of learning achievement in mathematics by basic-level students (students in Educación Escolar Básica). A questionnaire was administered to 899 students of the third cycle of basic-level education (7th, 8th, and 9th grades) from both public and private schools in the district of Concepción. Two statistical modeling techniques were employed on observable variables: decision trees and multiple linear regression. It is concluded that academic achievement in mathematics is largely explained by students' learning in a classroom setting and perception of their own ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competencies have been the subject of considerable discussion in pedagogy, particularly in relation to the mandate of the education system. In the last decade, a different view has emerged, from a capability and human development approach. On the one hand, this paper seeks to question the sense of a competency-based approach to education and, on the other hand, present the capability approach as an opportunity to establish a humanistic and alternative view of education. Thus, by using the hermeneutic arc as a methodological approach -- specifically the ‚explaining' and ‚understanding' processes described by Ricœur -- a critical conceptualization of competencies is described in order to show that people are subjects of capabilities rather than competencies. It is concluded that any educational endeavor that pursues human development must be firmly rooted in the realization of people as subjects-agents of capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present some results of the European Project Erasmus K1 ACTTEA (2012-2015) in which four countries participated (Estonia, Finland, The Netherlands and Spain). The objective of the project was to assess what kind of knowledge pre-service teachers learn when teaChing in the Practicum setting. An empirical study was conducted in each country following three phases. video recordings were made in sessions; analysis of critical incidents; and an individual report of learning was performed. Three conditions were established: Individual reflection; Dialogue among peers; and Dialogue with a tutor. An inductive procedure based on propositional and thematic analysis was followed, and the Chi Square Test and V Cramer were used. Results from the Spanish data show that student teachers under the condition C are better able to learn a kind of sophisticated and generalizable knowledge, while conditions A and B allow students to better understand what they had done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the value of schooling for students of elite high schools in Mexico City. The study begins by documenting the fact that these students' academic performance is poor in comparison to students of similar socio-economic status in other countries, and on the basis of their results in standardized national tests. Clearly, such unsatisfactory academic performance by these students, who attend private institutions with a wealth of resources, cannot be attributed to financial hardship and a resulting lack of educational opportunities. This work explores the hypothesis that, for young students from this social circle -- who enjoy vast inherited wealth -- educational merit and talent do not play a key role in their conception of life or professional development. To support this hypothesis, this study explores the value placed on schooling both by parents and the directors of elite private schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to construct a particular approach to human research ethics with respect to research practices carried out by teacher trainers and their students in communities in Mexico and Bolivia. It presents the theoretical elements of research ethics and the categories generated on the basis of answers from 79 teacher trainers to an open question on protective factors that should be considered with regard to study participants. The question is part of a qualitative questionnaire administered between March and June 2015. The study concludes that when asked about protective factors, teachers are able to clearly state key aspects of research ethics, although their core focus is on training new basiclevel education teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to describe and comprehend the motivations of teacher-researchers in two public state universities in Mexico to participate in knowledge and technology transfer processes. Ten subjects interested in knowledge transfer processes were considered for this study; in-depth interviews were conducted to understand their readiness to produce and transfer knowledge. The results reveal that subjects develop a disposition and the skills to seek changes in social reality based on values such as altruism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides one perspective for studying college students by focusing on working conditions and their relationship with the type of institution: public or private. The study explores differences in labor market integration among graduates based on the university where they studied, uisng the following indicators: speed of incorporation, consistency between education and employment, and working conditions. The database analyzed was taken from the PROFLEX survey, conducted in nine institutions in Mexico -six public state universities and three private elite universities. The results show that graduates from private higher education institutions appear to enjoy better working conditions in terms of salary, job stability, and positions held. However, their labor market integration is slower compared to their counterparts from public schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a learning environment that uses affective recognition techniques and gamification to teach algorithmic logic and programming. This environment was evaluated and contrasted with engineering students. The method consisted in assessing student learning of algorithmic logic using traditional techniques compared to learning with automatic recognition of emotions and motivational management using gamification. Tests and surveys were conducted with 42 students, who were divided into two groups, and two different system configurations were used to assess the gamification techniques implemented. The results showed that learning is statistically better if students' affective state is taken into account, and if students are motivated through gamification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper is to present a validated analytical framework for assessing the institutional conditions of online teaching in higher education. A descriptive study was performed using content analysis techniques, interviews and focus groups. The method included theory, fieldwork, and academic teamwork, and an intersubjective consensus was sought between various teams of participants (expert researchers, basic and specialized users of online teaching) who assessed the clarity, relevance, coherence, and adequacy of dimensions and indicators. As a result, a framework was developed including seven dimensions: institutional policy, institutional organization, institutional regulations, institutional plans and programs, online educational model, teachers' working conditions, and infrastructure and equipment. The work concludes by supporting the use of the proposed framework as a guide for selfassessment of institutional conditions that further the quality of online teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shortbill spearfish (Tetrapturus angustirostris) is a rare, large pelagic fish that inhabits the tropical and temperate waters of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and it is seldom incidentally captured by the purse seine and longline tuna fleets. It is listed on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature red list as data deficient, with the population likely decreasing. The main objective of this paper is to contribute basic knowledge of the species catch rate, spatial distribution, temporal trends, and association with different types of fishing sets. A 23-year (1993-2015) database of incidental catches was analyzed; data was gathered by the observers from the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission aboard vessels from the international tuna purse seine fleet in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. We also analyzed time series of sea surface temperature (SST) from different Niño regions, and 2 climatic indices, the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The database included information from a total of 422,970 sets; of these, ~1% resulted in a catch of 687 spearfish. Most incidental catches occurred in waters close to the equator (10°S to 10°N), with no apparent seasonal distribution pattern. Time-series analyses showed a significant positive trend in incidental catch (~4% per year). Weak negative correlations of incidental catches with El Niño SST and ONI suggest that spearfish prefer cool waters in zones near the Equator. The PDO seemed to be more important to spearfish than El Niño events, and it is likely playing an important role in the positive trend of incidental catches. Most spearfish catches were associated with sets made on floating objects, mainly south of the equator and west of 100°W, highlighting the oceanic behavior of this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is to analyze, from a comparative perspective, the political views and guidelines adopted by the Southern Common Market (Mercosur), the Andean Community of Nations (can), and the Union of South American Nations (Unasur) in relation to the proposals put forward to construct citizenship in the South American region between 2002 and 2016. A qualitative research methodology is used, and it is focused on the analysis of official public documents issued by the above mentioned organizations of regional integration, which follow a set of guidelines in terms of regional citizenship. The importance of the paper lies in the reflection upon the kind of citizen and the concept of citizenship that derives from the guidelines promoted by can, Mercosur, and Unasur. In this sense, it shows that a multiplicity of legal status hides under the category of citizenship, and that they serve as selection, hierarchization and differential inclusion mechanisms for regional migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]