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This paper focuses on the treatment received by Latin American countries in textbooks of geography and history during the 20th century in Spain. To do so different political situations and successive educational levels are considered. Primarily, two contexts are distinguished to assess discharges on economic and social issues: the colonial era and the contemporary period of the authors. A number of postures that were developed in the content of the textbooks is discussed, and they are mainly related to disseminated ideas about Hispanity and interest in current economic and social problems. For a better understanding of the different positions over time, some approaches are briefly discussed in particular school books and university textbooks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]