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This paper studies some historical episodes of the travel narrative (1599-1607) by friar Diego de Ocaña as reconstructions recalled from the colonial Peruvian collective memory at the beginning of the Seventeenth century. It starts with some theoretical notions on the distinction between collective and cultural memory and formal historical discourse, and it also ponders on why these notions could be applied to Ocaña's manuscript. Then, passages of Friar Diego's account are analyzed, particularly those on the arrival to Tawantinsuyu of the Spaniards conquistadores and on the actions of the four Pizarro brothers, in order to determine their differences with the historiography on these same topics. Even more importantly, the paper aims to explain how those distinctions between formal historical discourse and Ocaña's narratives show the interaction and conflict of values and of social, political, and cultural interests at the time. This paper argues that the episodes on the Pizarro brothers disclose the necessity to eradicate from collective memory both Gonzalo Pizarro's blemish of sedition and the nefarious actions of the other brothers, Francisco, Hernando, and Juan, while Francisco Pizarro's image is extolled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]