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This paper studies some historical episodes of the travel narrative (1599-1607) by friar Diego de Ocaña as reconstructions recalled from the colonial Peruvian collective memory at the beginning of the Seventeenth century. It starts with some theoretical notions on the distinction between collective and cultural memory and formal historical discourse, and it also ponders on why these notions could be applied to Ocaña's manuscript. Then, passages of Friar Diego's account are analyzed, particularly those on the arrival to Tawantinsuyu of the Spaniards conquistadores and on the actions of the four Pizarro brothers, in order to determine their differences with the historiography on these same topics. Even more importantly, the paper aims to explain how those distinctions between formal historical discourse and Ocaña's narratives show the interaction and conflict of values and of social, political, and cultural interests at the time. This paper argues that the episodes on the Pizarro brothers disclose the necessity to eradicate from collective memory both Gonzalo Pizarro's blemish of sedition and the nefarious actions of the other brothers, Francisco, Hernando, and Juan, while Francisco Pizarro's image is extolled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes how the influence of the extirpation of idolatry and the perspective of the writer of the Huarochirí Manuscript go parallel, and walk towards a (mis)encounter amongst the voices of the subject of enunciation and the enunciated. In the analysis of chapters 20 and 21, in which the devil Llocllayhuancu has tempted Don Cristóbal Choquecaxa, I will demonstrate the intention of Don Cristóbal to project himself with the attributes of a good Christian by using his faith to be part of legitimate religious circuit. At the same time, the survival of pre-Hispanic beliefs, questions the legitimacy of the indio converso and postulates the active presence of an Andean alternative discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the proposal of healthy universities as an approach to health promotion feasible and necessary to work in higher education institutions. It exposes its definition and basic features, the steps to facilitate proper implementation and a historical review about the existing projects in universities of America and Europe. In Peru, there are several initiatives, among which the work of the Consortium of Universities and currently the start of the PUCP Healthy Program at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. Finally, it is done a brief review of the work implemented to date by this program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conquest of peruvian territory was made by a small group of spaniards led by Francisco Pizarro in 1532. Its rapid domination of the Inca Empire, and the remoteness from the Castilian crown, made of Peru a quasi leader's personal domination. As time went on, it was more difficult for the Crown to impose his authority over that group of wealthy encomenderos who vied for political control of the Peruvian viceroyalty. Therefore, in 1542, the Emperor Charles V passed the New Laws, a body of law that imposed a tight grip on the American encomenderos and alleviated the situation of exploitation suffered by the Indians. This paper analyzes the survival of medieval legal discourse in the revolt of the encomendero Gonzalo Pizarro in Peru 1544, not as decrepit rebel strategy, if not a central part of a speech still valid and legally enforceable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines the positions of Xavier Abril, Emilio Adolfo Westphalen, and José María Arguedas in the context of the discussions of the avant-garde, indigenismo and socialism that sought the renewal of the Peruvian imaginary between 1925 and 1940. The framework of the analysis intends to capture the complexity of the influences of José Carlos Marátegui's discourse in the debate, abandoning the contrast of the "Andean" and "West" categories and proposing a reading that emphasizes three other premises: authenticity, territoriality and modernity. In this sense, this work examines the relationship between Abril and Westphalen (1930-34), showing their image of Lima as a primitive space and a cultural wasteland in contrast to Europe and studying, among other texts, an unpublished manifesto. This paper then addresses the intellectual relationship between Westphalen and Arguedas at the end of the 1930s, showing how their representation of Lima as a hostile place was complemented by the proposal of an indigenous subject capable of the artistic modernity. This mapping of Lima's cultural scene of the time will explain how, according to these intellectuals, being primitive or modern depended on the authenticity of the artistic/intellectual pursuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the exaltation of doctitud and understanding as a strategy for self-legitimization, put forward in the discourse of colonial Peruvian scholars, particularly in the work of Juan de Espinosa Medrano (Cuzco, 1630?1688). Exploring various writings, it emphasizes consistency in the attitude of the priest and the adoption of certain ways of expressing the "creole claims" (charges, recognition, attention), underlining the humanist tradition that the colonial elite prolongs, imposing their ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with Viceroy Toledo's governing plan and the modern concepts of development. It is a review of Viceroy Toledo's plan genesis from 1568's Junta Magna, the Toledo's trip over the Andes and the final establishment of his two main economic policy pillars: the mita and the technological process --using mercury for extracting silver from the ore--. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]