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Objective/Context: The article seeks to analyze the problematic and paradoxical normative-administrative translation of the paradigm of human rights in Argentina's current migration policies. The study of this case is of particular interest, on the one hand, because Argentina has been and is the leading Mercosur country receiving migrations in the past decades, and, on the other hand, because its migratory management model, inaugurated in 2004 with the sanction of the Law of Migrations 25871, even if it finds itself based around the human rights approach, coexists with an emphasized tendency towards securitization and control. Methodology: The investigation that supports this article is qualitative: the main ideas and conclusions have been extracted from the study of laws, decrees, regulations, reports, and resolutions emitted by different national and international public agencies, also from the comparison and contrast with secondary bibliography. Conclusions: The advancement of the securitarian approach on migration, centered more on control than regulation, together with the lack of normative and administrative adaptation of the different state agencies in the guaranty of rights recognized as universal, explain the ineffectiveness of the human rights paradigm in critical areas such as being the documentary regularization policy and the access to universal rights. Originality: The article seeks to deepen the analysis of Argentina's migration policies, focusing on the different supra, intra, and counter-state levels involved in its implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes various intellectual practices tied to the use of public and private documents in the practice of history in Argentina over the second half of the nineteenth century. Starting from the "question of limits," this essay analyzes the work of bibliophiles Manuel Ricardo Trelles and Juan Martín Leguizamón, both of whom tried to historically reconstruct the territorial unity of Argentina. it shows how this work lies at the crossroads of antiquarian studies, History, and Natural History. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased volatility of commodity prices caused by the entry of financial investors within the framework of so-called financialization, makes macroeconomic management more complex, especially for economies with a high incidence of primary products in their international trade. The purpose of this paper is to measure the exposure to export price risk for the Argentine case during the 1993-2018 period. The Value at Risk (VaR), typically used in finance, is employed in a novel way to design an export portfolio of commodities that operate daily in international markets. Among the main results is that 2.90% of the total exported is exposed to a monthly price risk from 2004 to 2018 in Argentina compared to 1.73% registered between 1993 and 2003. This indicator contributes to the design of fiscal rules that allow planning expenses based on structural income in contexts of high volatility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Territorial inequality associated with the location of population and activities, access to infrastructure and services, employment and material living conditions, is a historical reality in Latin America. This phenomenon has accompanied the demands of successive development models, and since the mid-twentieth century it has begun to be recognised in its full complexity with the installation of developmentalist governments. As a result, various public policies were adopted that failed to have a significant impact on these inequalities or to address their social consequences. Given the need to reformulate approaches, optimise resources and overcome obstacles in the implementation of public policies, this paper seeks to analyse the policies on the government agenda in Argentina from the change of management materialized at the end of 2019, identifying the limitations, achievements and potentialities of the policies proposed in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico and their effects on territorial inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze the reconversion experiences of four social organizations to sustain the social bond and collective care in popular neighborhoods of the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires (AMBA), Argentina, during the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on qualitative research work with an ethnographic approach, conducted remotely between July and September 2020, we i) reconstructed the social context and characterized the activities of the socio-community organizations studied in AMBA, before and during the pandemic; ii) sketched images such as the collective "la olla" organization, which describe the community provision of care; and iii) showed how, in the context of restricted movement, the organizations had to deploy tactics to "contain," "accompany" and take care of themselves and others. In line with debates about an economy of care, which produces values surreptitiously appropriated by the rest of the economy, this paper focuses on those resulting from socio-community practices related to: food --"la olla" and "la fila"--, health, and socio-affective --"containment"--. This proposal is intended to contribute to the theoretical-political field of discussion, in which it is situated, on the paradox between the centrality of (socio-community) care, for the production of social welfare, and its insufficient recognition in economic, social, and political terms. Methodologically, the paper portrays the challenges --for social research-- of reading and interpreting practices when co-presenciality is technologically mediated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is much debate around whether labor informality reflects situations of exclusion or whether it constitutes a valuable alternative for those who work in this sector. This paper contributes to the discussion by comparing the characteristics of those who move from the formal to the informal sector with the characteristics of those who remain in formal sector jobs during the 1995-2019 period in Argentina. Multinomial choice models are used for this purpose. The influence of such movements on the variation of wages is also evaluated. Both sets of evidence reveal that the positions in the informal sector, taken as a whole, do not seem to constitute a desirable destination for those who work in the formal sector. However, there is also evidence of heterogeneity in the informal sector, since the profile of those who move to one of its segments -that of employers- is consistent with the idea of voluntariness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: The internal capability of state agencies is a necessary condition and predicts their strategic capacity to achieve long-term industrial development goals. The paper characterizes the Ministry of Industry of Argentine (2009-2015) in order to see the extent to which its hierarchization was reflected in the variation of its capabilities, which are corroborated in two fundamental dimensions: a) public spending, and b) the availability of personnel and their quality. Methodology: The research is qualitative. Official documents (budget laws, financial management reports, and reports from public administration personnel) were examined, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 officials of different hierarchies within the organization, and the Bureaucratic Flexibility Index was applied to account for the behavior of the variables associated with the analysed dimensions. Conclusions: Evidences suggests a hierarchization process with a hollowing out of the state agency that is expressed by the low level of spending and the fact it has the smaller and more flexible staff structure (high level of staff mobility) of the national public administration. Originality: The paper provides robust variables and empirical references that inform central attributes of state structures in peripheral contexts. In particular, it tests the usefulness of the Bureaucratic Flexibility Index that captures the degree of staff retention and the accumulation of expertise of the agencies. The Index can be replicated in comparative studies in other national and sub-national contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper empirically analyzes the incidence of productive diversification on regional performance in Argentina between 2008 and 2018. Assuming that spillovers between productive activities requires proximity in the knowledge base, a distinction is made between related and unrelated productive diversification, which are estimated using entropy indicators. Econometric estimations are performed to explain the dynamics of employment and wages (as proxy for productivity) by the levels of related and unrelated regional diversification. Findings suggest that related diversification has a positive impact on employment and wage dynamics at the regional level, while unrelated diversification contributes to maintaining regional employment during macroeconomic contractions. No empirical evidence is found supporting that general purpose technology (such as mechanical engineering and ICTs) enhances the effects of related diversification on regional performance. It is observed, however, that the software sector enables the presence of externalities between technologically distant activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: In this research we analyze the change in heterosexual masculinities in Argentina and Mexico during the second half of the twentieth century with a special focus on working class men who, while playing the insertive role in sex with maricas, jotas and gays, still considered themselves and were perceived by their peers to be straight. The evidence shows that, although sex between maricas and young heterosexual men occurred frequently, it was not stigmatized by straight peers, nor did it erode the perceived heterosexuality of these young men in any way. Methodology: In order to explore the representation of sexual activities from the point of view of those involved we conducted in-depth interviews and used a wide range of historical evidence, such as autobiographical literature, ethnographies, and judicial records, materials that have not previously been analyzed together. In addition to discussing self-representations, this paper also analyzes the ways in which scholars and activists from the time period perceived sex between men and the associated identitites. Originality: This paper rests on a comparative approach that helps to reconstruct regional historic and social processes in the midterm. This is the first paper that studies the problem from these straight young men's point of view, based on a novel and diverse corpus. Conclusions: In opposition to the prevailing analysis, this paper develops a counter-intuitive hypothesis: given that sex between men did not deprive heterosexual men of their identity and, instead, it constituted a way of reaffirming their masculinity, these sexual activities between men cannot be categorized as homosexual. On the contrary, the very performance of same-sex sexuality served to shape heterosexuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to analyze the practices of resistance and protests in the prisons of Córdoba in Argentina, and to reflect on the media representations of these practices. This article focuses on the social and historical constructions that have been reified over time in the media about a certain narrative on prisons, prisoners, and riots. The purpose of this paper is to propose local perspectives and discuss with the exclusivity of the riot as the only practice of resistance installed in the social imaginary. Accordingly, the native meanings are approached in their own context of use, through the analysis of situations in which the actors actualize their representations of their own social world. Following this intention, an ethnography with persons deprived of their liberty and their relatives is used as a starting point. It is concluded that local perceptions of prison protests do not necessarily coincide with the meanings attributed to them by the media. n this analysis, it is of interest to illustrate how the subjectivities historically constructed through the images that circulate in the media about prisons influence the constitution of the punitivist imaginary in the current situation of Preventive and Compulsory Social Isolation (ASPO) to tackle the Covid-19 pandemic. Conducted between July and October 2020, this work contributes to the deepening and complication of studies on the practices of protests and resistance in prisons, through the analysis of the meanings assigned to them by the protagonists. This text proposes a questioning, from an academic perspective, of the social classifications of persons deprived of their liberty in the media representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: To advance in the conceptualization of the Statebourgeoisie relationship, the paper returns to a classic debate in the Marxist tradition on the capitalist State. Methodology: In methodological terms, we carry out a critical analysis of the works of Ralph Miliband and Nicos Poulantzas --especially on the distinction of class power and State power, relative autonomy and State intervention in the economy-- and we revisit the criticism of John Holloway. With this, we seek to understand the relationship between State and bourgeoisie, to explain the economic and political crisis of the forms of the capital relationship in Argentina, in 1998-2001. Conclusions: We conclude that there is a crisis of a specific form of State intervention in the economy, based on the expansion of market discipline, and, with it, both State power and capital power erodes. Originality: The article analyzes the Miliband-Poulantzas debate and, based on this, builds an explanation of the Argentinean crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/context: This paper inquires about the process of emergence of a working-class community in the port of Buenos Aires, resulting from actions by workers and inhabitants of the workingclass neighborhood at the beginning of the 20th century. Originality: At the crossroads of diverse historiographies (social, cultural and political history), this paper proposes a joint regard at the labor dimension, worker disputes, carnival celebrations and electoral participation, and to use this multiplicity of events and experiences to think about the emergence of a radicalized worker community, with a particular identity gestated in the mobilization during a specific time at the beginning of the 20th century. Methodology: The months from late 1903 to early 1904 were an important juncture in the port district, and based on a diverse set of documents (commercial, neighborhood, trade and left-wing newspapers, news magazines, police reports, photographs, among others), this paper reconstructs the worker experience in three settings converging in the summer months: protest, carnival and legislative polls. At the same time, it ponders the territorial dimension of community configuration and the key places that formed the backdrop to a story of protest, celebration, and elections. Conclusions: This analysis shows us that worker sociabilities around the port consolidated a community based on family, corporate, partisan, neighborhood and worker solidarities, in times of labor, political and festive mobilization, and of radicalized confrontation with the State and with corporations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of a study intended to elucidate the current modalities of social intervention on children at risk in Argentina, as part of what is known as child protection and from a rights-based approach. I attempt to comprehend these modalities of intervention by focusing on the actions of the institutional agents of a state organism for the protection of children's rights in a mid-range area of Buenos Aires. The material presented here stems from an ethnographic and narrative approach to the actions carried out by these agents in relation to the families with which they interact, in order to access some of the significant schemes that frame them. I conducted my fieldwork in 2018, during a fivemonth internship in the organization, using participant observation as the main research technique. I argue that the trust that permeates the bond between state agents and the families targeted by the interventions is conceived as a moral value that conveys the instructive work carried out, fundamentally, on womenmothers. This characteristic does not serve to make relationships more flexible, but rather reestablishes itself to stylize control and surveillance mechanisms. At the same time, families make use of available institutional rhetoric as a way of translating their social experience into the language of rights, thus effecting the expected transformation. This work shows how current models of intervention involving children and their families incorporate new elements such as trust and affection, which, however, are woven with enduring power mechanisms typical of the scope of the state's protective services. It also discusses the place of families in the interaction with state agents to enable an understanding of their actions based on the use and appropriation of the language of rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/context: This paper once again brings the iconographies of Tiwanaku (Titicaca high plateau, Bolivia) and La Aguada (Northwest of Argentina) into discussion, more than 40 years after the works of Rex González and Ponce Sanginés. It does so in an entirely different context with a decolonial emphasis. Objects, images, ethnographic information and archaeologists from both sides of a border between "nations" are assembled with the clear intention of questioning very deep underlying assumptions of archaeology. Methodology: Beginning with the paths posed by images and colors, these knots also bind humans and things, shamanic experiences and meteorological phenomena. Conclusions: After bringing La Aguada and Tiwanaku into dialogue, based on our research trajectories, the discussion leads to a reflection on the present consequences of naturalizing segmented and functionalist gazes of the animal and plant worlds in the past, which originate in the ontological underpinnings of our own modernity. Originality: The text aims to approach decolonial criticism from the study of concrete cases and to contribute to these debates on the basis of archaeological materiality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/context: The article analyzes the organizational process and execution of the IX Mar del Plata International Film Festival of 1968. It outlines the objectives that General Juan Carlos Onganía's dictatorship pursued with this festival, which had, until 1968, been organized by private entities. The tensions that arose between the government alliance and cinematographic groups is also discussed. Originality: Until now, historiography has emphasized the strong cultural repression of the Onganía dictatorship. Without denying this perspective, the analysis of this selective opening experience at the film festival brings to the fore new perspectives on how dictatorships used cultural and media policies as an internal consensus building strategy and as a tactic to legitimize the government internationally. Conversely, the cultural arena is seen as a territory for political disputes within the framework of authoritarian governments. Methodology: The research was conducted mainly from the analysis of multiple printed publications of the time. Conclusions: This paper proposes understanding this cultural experience as a process aimed at improving the image of the government abroad through cinematography. However, this attempt by the dictatorship failed because, from the moment that the strategy was launched, the festival became politicized and it was transformed into a terrain of disputes between different factions within the government as well as between the government and the world of cinema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the final stage of Import Substitution Industrialization in Argentina, which took place between 1960 and 1975. We present, on the one hand, the gains and structural constraints of this process and, on the other, we retrieve some economic policy ideas and definitions that sought to address these constraints. In the first case, we highlight the positive evolution of some aspects (such as manufacture exports, changes in the internal composition of the sector and the development of large projects in basic industry) that inform about the maturation of the industrial process. Regarding the ideas, we analyze how the intellectual contributions and debates reveal a relative consensus around the need to strengthen the industrial presence in external markets and thus overcome the traditional substitution strategy identified with the original proposals of the Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLAC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the concerns which have led to the new wave of studies on populism in Argentina, focusing more on the debate surrounding the establishment of a new institutional framework typical of the 1980s than on the proliferation of 21st-century popular governments in South America. The typical characteristics and problems encountered in these studies are explained, and the defining features of the populist experience in 20th-century Argentina are analyzed by drawing comparisons with other populist processes in the region. Finally, the paper analyzes how certain features persist in the new political order, while others have gone through complete transformations since it was established in 1983. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to present and to make visible a form of citizen insecurity that has not been deeply analyzed: That which occurs in public transport. Although this kind of violence is a spatial and socioeconomic constraint that limits access to goods, services, activities and opportunities offered by cities to both women and men, it has among women different effects, considering their perceptions and experiences as two dimensions of insecurity. This article explores insecurity as a problem in public transport based on differences between insecurity perception and effective victimization of users (women and men) in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires (amba), and then focusing on women's mobility strategies. The evidence is part of the "Ella se mueve segura" strategy, conducted in three Latin-American cities simultaneously: Buenos Aires, Quito and Santiago de Chile. The objective is to show insecurity on public transport as a gender restriction and as a form of violence that especially affects women (sexual harassment), contributing to the denaturalization of daily behaviors that sustain inequalities in urban space and transportation, and therefore, in rights in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of non-conventional hydrocarbons in the United States has generated a revolution in the oil industry worldwide. Then, other countries begin to explore their resources. The Neuquen and the Golfo San Jorge basins, and more recently the Austral Magallanes basin in Argentina have seen since the decade of 2010 the disembarkation of the activity in their territories. The latter are transformed economically, socially and environmentally due to the new dynamics that are installed. This paper seeks to analyze the main transformations in Argentine cities close to the non-conventional hydrocarbons activity. For this, we worked with primary sources, based on interviews with qualified informants and secondary sources, mainly bibliographic and press material. It is observed that the Neuquina basin, pioneer in the development of the activity, goes through the major transformations in its territory, mainly in the city of Añelo. In contrast, the incipient explorations in the territories of the Golfo San Jorge and the Austral Magallanes basins still do not generate important changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the distribution of specialized subjects devoted to health care in the Argentine territory according to the First National Census (1869). We present statistical estimations and visual resources that contribute to illustrate the logic of the absolute and relative presence of graduates and empirical practitioners. By articulating census data with input from specialized bibliography, the paper provide evidence for certain variables associated with the presence of the State, the differential socio-economic development of the regions, and the rural-urban splits in the long first half of the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of victim has been applied in the human rights (HR) field with a series of different connotations in each country. In this paper we aim to reflect on its uses and appropriations within the context of a series of laws and government programs designed to compensate the victims of state terrorism in Argentina and of the armed conflict in Colombia. Based on the gathering of documents and fieldwork with public servants and diverse groups of people who have been identified as victims, we analyze the meanings that this category has acquired and its possible applications in heterogeneous social contexts. O conceito vítima vem sendo aplicado no campo dos direitos humanos (DH) com uma série de conotações particulares em cada país. Neste trabalho, ocupamo-nos de refletir sobre seus usos e apropriações no âmbito de um conjunto de leis e programas governamentais destinados a reparar as vítimas do terrorismo de Estado na Argentina e do conflito armado interno na Colômbia. A partir da recopilação de documentos e do trabalho de campo com servidores públicos e diversos grupos de pessoas que têm sido identificadas como vítimas, analisamos os sentidos que essa categoria e suas possíveis aplicações adquirem em contextos sociais heterogêneos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the distribution of cinema in the city of Rosario (Argentina) during the interwar period, focusing on the construction of cultural discourses, practices and relations. The paper explores representations, made by various agents, of cinema and the strategies of social and cultural discipline set regarding the films and the audience. Censorship and the disciplinary mechanisms are studied in light of their forms of production and reproduction in the urban social space, trying to (r)establish its sociological historicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to integrate mobility as across component of the management of specific public actions. The case of study concerns the public health services in Argentina, and mother's mobility conditions in the suburban of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area. In terms of methodology, the paper working on the concept of access trying to identify, measure and evaluate the relationship between mobility conditions and maternal health care. Access is weighted according to the realization of health services, and not according to the arrival at the places where they are offers. The result is innovative empirical evidence, useful as an indicator to make more relevant the role of mobility within the public agenda of transport and others specific sectors, asa basic social right behind the access that requires coordinated actions and cross-sectoral approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to give continuity to my previous work about the software industry and information technology services, but this time focused on the study of the dynamics of the cluster technology in local experiences. So the paper inquires this dynamic in two cities: Merida (Yucatan, Mexico) and Rosario (Santa Fe, Argentina) .The aim of approaching these two case studies is based on the interest in these two cities, since they have a innovative productive profile, with significant growth rates and that this strategy is added to other activities of high added value. In this sense the production of software and new technologies, are creating a climate conducive to local development. This paper examines the socio-economic context of each city, the background to the creation of the cluster technology, international cooperation and international institutional business, public policy in the territorial cluster, the profile and activities of the companies in there, and the characteristics of their human resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article inquires into the way "child abuse" has been constructed as a social problem in Argentina. The papers explores how the issue was first approached in the 1970s by a pediatric community influenced by psychoanalysis and subsequently divulged more broadly, until it became an endeavour in the hands of judicial actors that was destined to transform the way of dealing with the problem. For that purpose, the article is based on an analysis of early studies on the topic and interviews of judicial actors. These analyses suggest that the normative transformations that took place led to the removal of the "abused child" from the criminal environment, as the promoters had proposed, and also made it possible to broaden the spectrum of what could be denounced and, therefore, of what could be treated and controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops an approach to the concept of "virtual community" from a theoretical dimension, in that it attempts to confront the elements and main questions of this notion in the context of relationships established among Colombians on Facebook, within the cities of Bahia Blanca, La Plata and Buenos Aires (Argentina). The goal is to understand the relationship between offline environments and the possibilities that these types of gatherings and social-virtual interactions can provide to its members. Using virtual ethnography as a method of participatory observation of inter-textuality allows for the identification, based on the perception of some of the participants in such groups, of the motivations for joining, the assumed sense of belonging to these groups and the influence of their offline lives, with respect to the possibilities that these groups have for the inclusion of its members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about the representations, practices and cultural expressions carried out by groups of Bolivian immigrants and their descendants in the cities of Olavarria, Tandil and Azul in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. For this purpose, the three case studies presented are analyzed based on the theoretical notions of identities and ethnic groups proper to the field of social anthropology. It thus seeks to contribute to knowledge about the construction of the identities of Bolivian immigrants in Argentina and, especially, to the discussion of those perspectives that propose the cultural assimilation of these groups into the host society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the main youth employment policy In Argentina: the Youth with More and Better Work program. Based on the paradigm of active employment policies, this program Illustrates a new form of management and state regulation regarding the problematic question of employment among the poorer sectors of the population. For our analysis, we begin by exploring the theoretical possibilities opened up by Foucault's notion of the "device," and then point out some disarray concerning the logics, the division between "domestic" and "work" areas, and models of person (individual or linked) that this policy seeks to impose In the labor practices and trajectories of young people in low-income sectors. Finally, we note the need to Incorporate the notion of "Instruments of reproduction" and "social capital" to account for the singular character of the practical logic these young people apply In order to enter into and to be in the world of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present an empirical analytical framework to address the actions of the decision-making body in the shaping of the foreign policy agenda, including a case study on its participation in the design of the Argentine foreign policy agenda between December 1999 and May 2003. In order to do this, a number of methodological approaches have been brought together in a complementary way, including qualitative and quantitative data from different sources (files, observation, interviews). The study illustrates that the issues which form part of Argentina's public agenda on foreign policy mainly depend on the ability of political actors to achieve cooperative outcomes and to ensure that these are enforced in time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present some preliminary hypotheses resulting from the doctoral research we have carried out on the migratrory experience of Chilean political exiles in Argentina. We are interested in seeing how the fact that many of them did not return home from exile after the end of the Pinochet dictatorship (1973-1990) impacted political and social organization in our country. We presume that this phenomenon has produced a kind of displacement of their self-representation from exiles to migrants that makes it possible to acknowledge the migratory dimension of exile and thereby constitutes a new type of political being that is binationally committed to transnational political rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to reassess the role of embodiment in the construction of ethnographic knowledge. To this end, it illustrates the impact that the researcher's performance of diverse Sai Baba rituals had on his understanding of Argentinian Sai Baba groups. The article also reflects on the role attributed to the different senses in this production as well as their epistemological Implications, and establishes a dialogue between different philosophies of thought on the issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we will analyze the ways in which the corporal discourse became part of the Salesian educational community in what is known as the Military Government of Comodoro Rivadavia, between 1944 and 1955. Starting in the mid-1930s, the Salesian congregation fostered, with the aid of the Administración de Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF: Treasury Petroleum Fields), technical education for youngsters that would later become part of the state owned oil company. We will show that, by opening a Technical School in 1937, the Church expected to bring the Christian Doctrine closer to the world of labor, and with this, to a specific form of masculinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper characterizes the social exclusion that affects individuals suffering extreme poverty in Buenos Aires. The article consists of two sections. First, it summarizes some relevant aspects of the literature on social exclusion and the functioning of the labor market in the recent past in Argentina. Second, it presents the results of the fieldwork completed by the authors. The research was based on a survey of 190 adult males living in homeless shelters in the City of Buenos Aires. The goal of the investigation was to record their perceptions regarding labor opportunities and to identify the factors that might influence their inclusion into/exclusion from economic activities, including the role of educational credentials. We found that the vast majority of respondents exhibited work trajectories characterized by alternating unemployment, unstable jobs, and inactivity. That pattern seems to be insensitive to economic cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, analyze the segmentation in the Argentinean labor market. A labor market is segmented if similar workers generate different results (for example, wages), if there are wage setting mechanisms differ, and barriers which prevent worker mobility. Static and dynamic data and different methods (parametric and non-parametric) are used to test for the existence of segmentation in the labor market. The results allow a re-think of public policies which impact upon the workings of the labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to reflect upon the sensitivity invoked by child issues, specifically regarding abuse, from the standpoint of the construction of the Argentinean National State, focusing particularly on the mediation role that neighborhood communities took on in the central and southern regions of the Buenos Aires province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the consequences of overcrowding over violence in Argentinian prisons during 2002-2008. It is the first to analyze this problem for a Latin-American correctional system and additionally to address potential endogenity problems that originate from non-observable variables like the change in the effective level of supervision and in quality of life inside prisons. After solving the endogenity problems, results show that the rate of occupation has a positive effect over misconducts that lead to material damages and the probability of discover prohibited items. Nevertheless, no effect is found between overcrowding and violent conflict between inmates. The results are robust to different set of tests, however it is no possible to be certain if this last results emerges from the ability of prison administration to avoid that overcrowding lead to violent conflict between inmates or if it is due because violence conflicts has more sociological foundations, remaining this as a future topic of investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the judiciary Council in Argentina based on the theoretical framework developed by Garoupa and Ginsburg through their empirical work. According to Zayat both authors achieve to demonstrate the relationship between judicial independence, accountability and the structure of the judiciary councils. First, it establishes the scheme problems in the empirical project pursued by Garoupa and Ginsburg. It concludes that the indicators used by the authors leave aside important issues such as pluralism and accountability. Finally, it analyses the Argentinean Judiciary Council to conclude that the current discussion is based on the council composition. As anticipated by Garoupa and Ginsburg, the discussion is based on adjusting independence and accountability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work gives us a screenshot on two concepts very studied at the present: the rural territorial development and efficiency (as the key to competitiveness) and propose to give visibility to the relation between these two aspects, emphasizing the role of efficiency in order to confer strengthen to initiated development process. To approach these subjects, as a first instance this article describes the establishment of the milky goatish basin, historical process where several activities and micro processes do not emerge neither from preestablished mechanisms nor connected between local actors, but rather support the idea that the the territory it is produced by the coordinated/uncoordinated actions of all local actors. To conclude this section it is shown that the case studied has laid the preconditions for strengthening the process of development. In these way it can be cited an strong identity, a dynamic market that lack a deeper knowledge but is there, alliances that although they were very defined in their actions -as well as the time- were generating an attitude and an accumulation of social capital towards the valuation of the specificities of the territory. To continue this paper analyzes the second concept, efficiency, is addressed through case studies and examples for each of the main links in the chain: the milking, industrialization and marketing. As a conclusion is raised that to devise strategies appointed to strengthen an initiated territorial development, as a first step, all involved actors should have all possible information and knowledge about the production process. This would help to each step in the process of resolving their inefficiencies, which are usually transferred the rest of the production complex. Finally, it leaves open the question of who is in charge of inefficiencies in the sector and how it is assumed that cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the patterns of knowledge creation and diffusion in two textile industrial districts located in the Argentinean cities of Mar del Plata and Pergamino. Both of them have an important number of supplier manufacturing firms linked to fashion-oriented clothing subcontractors, which are located inside or outside the geographical boundaries of each city. The methodology research is quantitative and descriptive. The results show that Pergamino has developed over time a stronger knowledge base than Mar del Plata, which could be related to different historical circumstances and evolutionary paths. This has an important effect on firms' architectural knowledge and strategies. Even though in Pergamino there is a permanent flow of external technological know how, which increase its knowledge base and let the firms belonging to the cluster to share it, there is not new fashion-oriented clothing local firms, prevailing a type of industrial district where the dynamism of the economy depends on the hub firms located outside the local context [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology, which is the manipulation of matter at a scale of one billionth of a meter, is poised to be one of the main technological developments of the twenty-first century. Although great uncertainty still surrounds it, the advances in nanotechnology have been impressive, and, given its potential, capitalist competition in the field is becoming increasingly intense. This paper addresses nanotechnology from a socio- political and geo-economic perspective in order to highlight the dynamics and interests at stake, the social networks and power relations involved, and the existing tensions due to capitalist competition and contradiction, among other aspects. This case study of nanotechnology in the Western hemisphere allows us to show and discuss some of the principal ways high technology is fomented in the metropolis (the United States in this case) and how this research agenda is adopted in the periphery (in Mexico, Brazil and Argentina). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A complex process has been started by the status change of national territories that gained recognition as provinces, with the right to elect their own government and send representatives to the national legislative branch. This process incorporates a new governmental sphere into heterogeneous spaces, for which administrative roles that did not address any particularities used to be performed until then by the Governor's office designated by the National Government. Therefore, by asking how the province formation and the relations redefinition were carried out, the review of national pressures' incorporation in local terms has been enabled. The case addressed by this paper is the provincialization of Rio Negro and the particular circumstances of the dialog between the San Carlos de Bariloche commune and the incipient governmental space opened since 1958. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 25 years after their sons and daughters were disappeared, Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo continue to march for justice every week and have a prominent role in Argentina's social movement sector, They have extended their fight against impunity to include demands for peace and human rights around the world, and to address neoliberalism and the recent economic crisis in Argentina. How have the Madres broadened their resistance by expanding their goals? This paper chronicles the contemporary work of the Madres and documents their presence in the progressive movements organizing in modern Argentina. Drawing on media reports, qualitative fieldwork on their activities in Buenos Aires in 2002-2003, published accounts, and organizational documents and publications, I show how the Madres have expanded their goals to critique neoliberalism and its consequences. They exercise their moral authority in collective action frames that draw connections between past and present, and explain and support the expansion of their goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to explain the The functioning of the regional political systems of the Argentine Republic. It is divided into three parts: • A scheme describing the institutional structure of the political system in tile provinces. • A description about the functioning of such system in the provinces. • An outline of some typical provincial situations for the period of 1991/99. Such situations -- which should be backed up according to the empirical base of each province- show the existence of tendencies of reproduction of a low development position, so as some norms from which the situation could be reverted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]