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This paper studies certain forms of violence which occurred during the conquest of Antioquia between 1540 and 1550. As this province was a border area, both because of the aboriginal resistance and because of the confrontation between the governorates of Cartagena and Popayan, war and punishment against indigenous peoples was gruesome, even for the context of the Conquest. The aim of the paper is not to study the uniqueness of Antioquia, but to show that the border war was an imperial problem and that it relaxed morals allowing a punitive system foreign to civilized confrontation but valid in peripheral areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To revise the medical notions and the historic representations about public health in Santander require to contrast the results of researches did by different historians trough of thesis, books and papers published in local universities journals. This paper proposes a history of public health implicate to surpass the academic studies about of politic and medical-scientific personalities to be assumed as a interdisciplinary and new-institutional process orientated to the analysis of the State politics about institutions, employees and patient care according to the impact of illness (endemic and epidemic) and the pressure by socio-economical groups interested in it. In this way, the sources and uses of the concept "Public Health" are explored, and its begin in Santander with sanitary politics about "leprosy colonies" are described, including medical and hospitalarian changes as consequence of the creation of the Ministry of Public Health and the Social Security Institute, and finally, a review is realized about the academic production that health and socio-humanistic professionals from Santanderan universities did related with this theme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a part of the research study regarding the process of constructing representations within the national and international press about the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia -- People's Army (FARC -- EP) throughout a period from its inception as a guerrilla group in 1964, to its consolidation as an army which set the Colombian State on edge in 1996. This paper is exclusively focused on the months of May to June 1984, the first month of the ''ceasefire'' agreed with the government of President Belisario Betancur (1982 -1986). The ambivalence of representations is discussed herein, as well as how the image of a narco-guerrilla gradually takes shape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article evaluates the historiography built especially from architecture after the Academia Colombiana de Historia (the Colombian Academy of History) ceased its interest in gathering cities history at the end of the 1930s. To do this, a repertoire of authors constituted by some of the most important architects of the twentieth century will be used. They will consider not only the physical aspects of cities, but also their backgrounds. In this sense, this paper seeks to contribute to the understanding of the current urban history and, in a very partial way, to the urban and architectural history, although the latter correspond to another text for length reasons. It is also understood that the intellectual production in these areas is still dominated by architects or research centers in which professionals have a significant interference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to approach the administration and functioning of justice of first instance in the Parish district of Manizales between 1855 and 1865. Through the analysis of the judicial processes for sluggishness, games and forbidden dances, we want to show the capacity scope of the Neogranadinian State to establish an order in a peripheral society, and the roles that prosecuted social actors played in the social and legal fabric of that time. Our hypothesis is that prosecuted individuals were not mere spectators but that they participated, altered and used the processes of normalization of their practices to negotiate punishments, accuse their enemies, defend themselves from justice and flee when there was nothing else to do. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to analyze the transformation process of the Colombian Army between 1960 and 1965, which was driven by the political decisions of the rulers, the intervention of the Armed Forces, and by factual gambles made by the military to eliminate the first revolutionary guerillas. Through this, we expect to argue two hypotheses: first that the relationship between the Army and the civilian government was ambiguous during a period of institutional transition; and, second, that political subordination and military autonomy were breached by the intromission of military players in the political scene, and by rulers in the military scene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the traditional speeches and imaginaries on the Revolution of the Communards in Colombia and contrasts it with sociocultural analysis and etiopathological descriptions of two illustrated parish priests and medical physicist of the eighteenth century in New Granada with the purpose of demonstrate how determinant factors of popular revolt of 1781 the tax difficulties to access the herbs, fruits and popular beverages considered medicinal and healthy, and sources of environmental welfare and socio-economic prosperity of the poorest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay proposes an alternative narrative of the financial crisis that fifteen years ago occasioned the homelessness of thousands of mortgagors. Much has been said on this subject at this time. The Corte Constitucional, Consejo de Estado, Corte Suprema de Justicia, academics, constitucionalist, economist and debtor associations have examined the causes, consequences and effectiveness of the strategies from the government to solve the problem. Specifically, this paper was derived from the analysis of the experience of judges and magistrates who attended the judicial process of the obligations of UPAC. These judges refused the ordering the termination of court proceedings given by the Corte Constitucional being aware of the precarious situation of housing debtors. Consequently, many borrowers lost their homes despite the protection committed by the high Court, but why the judges refused to apply these judgments? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colombia has been a political space where democracy and repression seem to walk on the same path. That is why it is relevant to question how occurred the students' movement called la Séptima Papeleta o Todavía Podemos salvar a Colombia at the end of the 1980s where come together different kinds of violence such as drugs dealers terrorism, illegal armed groups actions, state corruption and murdering of political leaders and citizens. On this scenario appears the question faced on this paper: was there any kind of state repression (control, restriction or rejection against the free exercise of first rank rights and civil freedoms), against the actions developed by the students' movement that established the basis for the 1991 constitutional reform? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mining activity shares the characteristics of a field, in the sense attributed to the concept by French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. This can be observed through a case study in Marmato, in the department of Caldas. 470 years of gold-vein mining have formed a culture tied to beliefs and traditions that influence the degree of rationality in work relationships, work itself, and economic behaviour in general. It is possible that these habita are being broken by the presence of a global agent that has now entered the dispute for gold: multinational companies. This paper uses the concepts of field and habitus to study the dispute between ancestral and industrialised forms of production, and their strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Commission to Inquiry for the Causes and Situations Present on inland Violence, better known as La Investigadora, was founded in 1958 at the dawn of the socalled National Front. This research paper explains, based on some documentary sources and newspaper accounts, how in a context of transition negotiated by elites, this initiative condensed a set of official practices and narrative plots structuring the way the Violence would be politically and socially processed and represented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the first Japanese immigrants in Colombia (1922-1936). This research is a compilation of legal resolutions dictated in the 1886 Colombia's Republic Constitution towards immigration. Particularly, this research points out debates around the improvement of the race project through promoting alien immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. To come up with such a compilation, reviewing primary official sources (laws and decrees), discourses and related literature was fundamental. The analysis of the research shows that there is a correlation between diverse laws that allowed or restricted aliens to enter the country. In addition the debates taking place in different groups of the local society around the benefits and disadvantages of letting immigrants enter the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The historical study of the different procedural systems is a pending task in our legal field. Additionally, it is difficult to find academic texts that develop a global revision and a historical reconstruction of the essential characteristics of the main procedural criminal systems in our time, more precisely, of systems that would allow us to comprehend our existing system and its evolution. This paper's intention is to locate such characteristics and examine said evolution in the context of the new Accusatory System and its Criminal Procedure. In order to do so this study will verify which characteristics and institutions still remain, and which have been transformed or removed from the Colombian criminal procedural system. All this information has been compiled in order to undertake a historical evaluation of our systems of Criminal Procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]