Search

The study of the spatial distribution of population within rural municipalities faces important difficulties, due to the small volumes of population that many of them present, leaving, at practical purposes, the Padron Municipal de Habitantes as the only statistical source to carry out this type of research. Taking into account the territorial aspect, these difficulties are evident when using census tracts, because when the population number is low, the entire municipal area is embedded in a single one, thus making impossible to know how it is distributed inside the municipality. However, the employment of the Nomenclator de Entidades y Núcleos de Población allows us to avoid this, so it is more convenient. Moreover, since the Nomenclator contains the same number of variables as the Padron, it is also possible not only to inquire about how the population is distributed within the municipalities, but also to divide it into groups using some relevant variable, and describe their intra-municipal spatial distribution. These tasks cannot be carried out using census tracts when only one is delimitated inside the municipality. Moreover, under some circunstances, the interpretation of reality is distorted by the layout of their boundaries. Based on examples of rural municipalities in the province of Malaga, in this paper we show some of the main advantages that the Nomenclator has over the census tract. To fullfill this objective, we have used both the total population volume, and its distribution among those born in Spain and born abroad, referred to 2018, and the census tracts and Nomenclator cartography, also referred to 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text analyses the relation in the Spanish context between the problematization of the migratory phenomenon, the new logics of functioning of racism and the conceptual proposals on 'islamophobia' that have been established during the last years. To do that, the paper presents some results of different ethnographic researches where I have being working for during the last years in the educational context of Andalusia. Based on biographic interviews with students, families and teachers, the paper illustrates the main representations about the Muslim immigrant students as well as the correspondences and divergences among these images of otherness and those teenagers' identification processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the process of return among the fourth largest South American immigrants groups in Spain: Argentines, Bolivians, Colombians and Ecuadorians. Using several sources of official data from Spain and Population Census from origin countries, the paper describes the incidence of return as well as returnees characteristics. Immigrants from Bolivia, who are the ones arriving later to Spain and having the largest numbers of irregular migrants have the highest return rates. Besides, we found that men are more likely to return and also that returnees have higher educational attainment and lower labor force participation rates that the whole population in origin countries. The study points several conceptual and methodological challenges for the study of return migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysing multilocality as a specific integration pattern among retirement migrants is the aim of the paper. The study shows how the search for quality of life leads retirees to make use of different properties, placed either in origin and/or destination countries. The results of quantitative and qualitative research point out that the property in the origin country is a key factor to explain migrant's lifestyle and their social integration in Spain. Furthermore, the multilocal behaviour is not equally distributed among the retirees, as it is conditioned by some migrant's socio-demographic features such as nationality or household income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-parent families in immigration are a phenomenon that has scarcely been explored in Spain, despite the frequency of these forms of household among migrant women, particularly Latin American women who settle in this country. Poverty and single parenthood are two elements that often appear simultaneously in the trajectories of migrant women. The incidence of single parenthood among migrant women from Latin America—specifically Andean and Caribbean countries— resident in Spain will be analyzed in this article. The paper will show how Latin American women have a higher percentage of this type of household. This paper examines forms of entry into single parenthood, and the living conditions of these families once in Spain. It proves that emigrating in single parenthood conditions raises the risk of poverty in Spain. It will be proved that migration in single parenthood has different profiles in relation to the causes of the migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of the process of integration among migrant young people in Catalonia aged from 14 to 18. For this purpose, a study was made, using a survey and four discussion groups probing the points of view of both the migrant and native youth. Results are organised around a model of integration based on four core dimensions: structural, cognitive-cultural, social and of identity; and confirm that a society which is plural in its beliefs, convictions and forms should be reflected in democratic systems and social and educational policies based on a concept of integration as reciprocity and understood as a fundamental principle in the management of diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arrival of numerous unaccompanied asylum seeker children (UASC) over the past 20 years has been a challenge for the child welfare system in Spain. Child care resources and professionals have made a big effort to adapt services and procedures to the specific needs of these adolescents. This paper aims to describe the characteristics and needs of the UASC welcomed in Spain, and the intervention process carried out, in comparison with other countries. The documents published in each territory were examined, and individual interviews (n = 42) and group interviews (n = 8) were conducted with adolescents and professionals (n = 68) in 9 territories. The similarities and differences in each of the phases of care, as well as the specific needs of these adolescents in education, health, housing, transition to adulthood and social support, are described. There are significant differences in the model of intervention in each region, and in the creation of programs and services to assist these adolescents with adaptation to the host country. Further support for the transition to adulthood and attention to their emotional distress should be included in service provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two are the main aims of the paper: to highlight the contributions of sequential mixed method designs in the study of migrations, more specifically in the study of migratory trajectories of skilled Romanian professionals in Barcelona and explain the trajectories of a profile of immigrants that in the Spanish context must be understood from a double exceptionality. Based on a design that includes an online survey to 217 Romanians (belonging to a professional network abroad), 30 biographical interviews and 30 life charts satisfaction of Romanian professionals living in Barcelona, the article tackles the way mixed methods are shaped in the case of skilled profiles of migrants and the particularities of a profile that counts with a low social and academic visibility. As for the methodological contributions, the article reveals the usefulness of online survey (and cluster analysis) as a tool to determine the selection of the profiles studied in the second phase of the study (qualitative). The second methodological contribution links with the way life satisfaction charts may be combined with the analysis of biographical interviews. Finally, the main empirical contribution highlights the heterogeneous nature of the profile of skilled migrants, who develops strategies and different paths depending on the set of resources that mobilize before and especially after migrating. While those who migrate through the transfer of a multinational company count on a safety net that is the company itself, for those who correspond to the profile of international students, the institution is perceived as a launching platform that leads to the incorporation into the skilled labour market, even in times of economic crisis. Finally, when the meso level resources do not exist, the micro-level resources (social networks) are the one that explain successful careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an attempt to present the experience of co-development in Europe and particularly in Spain. It is focus on the governmental initiatives since the end of the 1990's decade, as a consequence of a massive reception of migrants. Co-development is the policy in which this paper is focused, from its former periods in France to the moment in which it has been considered in Spain. In order to show this evolution and its effectiveness I use the Mexican case, because it demonstrates that there is a feasible link between migration and development. However, this it is only possible if the initiatives are coming from the migrants and their communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the contradiction at the heart of Italian and Spanish immigration policies between the calls for integration on the one hand, and the marginalization associated with temporary and contingent immigration status on the other. I argue that this tension is structural and reflects an underlying contradiction in the political economy of these post-Fordist societies. In the second half of this paper, I examine this same tension in U.S. immigration policy, and explore the ways the current proposals for reform would bring U.S. immigration policy closer to that of Spain and Italy. I note that while the tension between immigrant marginalization and integration has always characterized U.S. policy, the contradiction has intensified as immigrants are an increasingly visible component of the U.S. workforce, complicating attempts at meaningful reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigration is a key subject to understand Spaniard opinion about public security. With the aim to study the link between the fear policies and immigration through the arguments of the political dimension of fear and the theory of setting agenda, this paper analyzes how media (El País and El Mundo) and political parties (parliament sessional diary) frame migration from 2000 to 2003 in Spain, a period when the coverage of migration was massive in national newspapers and the politic attention. The origin and the element that determined the narrative construction of migration related to public security explains why public opinion in Spain does not question the link between migration and crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to debate the dynamics existing between users of and trainers in a home care course for illegal immigrants in Barcelona. The analysis of these dynamics reveals the ambivalence of the help and support devices used by immigrants. These devices expose distant and top-down social positions (Spanish citizen /immigrant-foreigner), as well as alliances between users and trainers based on their shared identification as "employees" vis-à-vis the "lady of the house". Our analysis also reveals the importance of care work for the reproduction of life and also the lack of social recognition, low pay and poor legal coverage this type of job gets in the labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes a critical examination of the most recent developments in Spanish practice relating to the control of irregular immigration. It analyses the commitments being made in the framework of the European integration process and their implications for the control of external borders as well as the agreements concluded by Spain - treaties and non-binding agreements (memorandums of understanding, etc.) - aimed at controlling flows of people. In this context, the article also gives attention to Spain's international obligations on human rights taking its impact on the issue and the most recent internal developments into account - both in legislative changes approved and those being enacted as administrative practice. In light of the foregoing, a critical assessment of these developments and events (e.g. "hot returns") is submitted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the vulnerability of foreigners in the Spanish labor market by conducting empirical analysis based on Spanish statistics. This article goes in depth the tendencies (especially during the current financial crisis, 2008-2012) and the determinants of the vulnerability of foreign workers, mainly non-EU countries immigrants. On the one hand, an increase of unemployment rate of foreign workers, a loss of occupational biography, a long distant between Spanish and foreign salaries and finally, more difficulties to obtain incomes for foreigners, represent the main tendencies. On the other hand, the concentration in less qualified occupation, a higher rate of temporary contracts, the inflexible regulation and the decrease of the negotiation power of Spaniards, lead to suppose a higher vulnerability of foreigners in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study the social integration process of children of immigrants from Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe in Almería (Spain). We study the social integration process in the following dimensions: socioeconomic, mixed relationships, cultural references, norms (rules of conduct), transnationality and psychosocial factors. Data were obtained by the administration of a questionnaire. The results show that the origin is a key variable in defining the social integration process. Furthermore there are other important variablesthat affect the integration process of immigrants, such as human capital, the (social) environment or religious patterns. Taking into account the variety of elements involved in the integration of immigrants in Almeria, we would speak of integration as a fragmented process which doesn´t reflect any linear logic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents research findings that focus on analyzing the conditions that enable and/or complicate the development of the critical intercultural approach in Pre-schools and Primary schools. To this end, three case studies were conducted in schools in the Spanish Autonomous Region of Andalusia. The main data production techniques used were: participatory observation, interviews and documentary analysis. The results are organized around three dimensions of analysis: the concept of inequality and/or diversity as a driving force for change in schools and the opening-up of the school setting as a challenge/ reproduction of cultural homogeneity and hegemony. The findings show how the dynamics and interactions that exist within these schools provide opportunities but also create limitations when it comes to shaping new intercultural realities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crisis has started a new migration cycle in Spain. As an effect of the restrictive measures taken and the depth of the crisis, migrant inflows have reduced and outflows have increased, the latter especially among Latin Americans. This paper explores the impact of the crisis on migrant people and their families in terms of unemployment, of declining living conditions, and of legal uncertainty. In this situation, a growing minority of immigrants, particularly Latin Americans, implement transnational strategies such as return, circular migration and others. Notwithstanding this, most immigrants are facing the crisis here, combining work, social and family strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the dynamics of the reconfiguration of Bolivian migratory fields in the context of the crisis affecting European destination countries. At a global level, we show how the 2008 worldwide economic crisis, and, in particular, its severity in Spain, has reoriented Bolivian migratory flows towards regional Latin American destinations: economies undergoing larger relative growth, such as Brazil and Chile, are newer destinations, while migration to Argentina has a long history. In a more qualitative approach, based on fieldwork interviews with Bolivian migrants in Spain, we explore the key factors that determine migratory strategies: whether to stay, return or re-emigrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main effects of the current crisis is re-emerging phenomenon of Spanish emigration, especially since year 2011. This paper examines the growth of emigration from 2008 to 2012, using disaggregated data by origin, age, sex as well as geography detail at provincial level from the Residential Variation Statistics. The analyses distinguish between native-born and foreign-born with and without the Spanish nationality, and highlight recent trends as a result of the prolonged economic recession and its impact on international migration. Although the use of this dataset which contains time series data enable us to provide a relevant picture of the main demographic profiles of current emigration, the data too have uncertainties embedded within, not least because many of the new emigrants have not registered yet at the destination country. However, the data examination allows us to identify different patterns, including the main recipient countries as well as the provincial geography of emigration, and the main demographic profiles of emigrants. The results shed some light of what could be considered as Neo-Hispanic migration given the apparent diversity of outflows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an ethnographic study about the school discourse around the school concentration of immigrant students. It deconstruct the discourses about the factors and impact of this phenomenon. This work taken a microsociological level analysis, the ethnographic context is a district of the province of Granada. This analysis allows to discover covert practices that favor the concentration and the discourses that justify this reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the problem of the regulation of foreign labor in Spain. We trace different strategies developed for the purpose of regulating labor in different historical periods, basing our methodology on the comparison of legal texts from the past (16th century onwards) to those that fulfill a similar function at present: to implement policies intended to employ workers in agriculture. We also deal with the similarities observed between the Prussian system for establishing a flow of Polish workers in East Prussia (19th century) and the system for the recruitment and supply of foreign workers created by the Unió de Pagesos farmworkers' union in Catalonia, Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a review of the literature on gender violence in couples in immigrant communities. To this end, we seek to establish points of contact and divergence between the thematic studies conducted in Spain and publications outside the Spanish context. This is intended to show that gender violence in couples in immigrant communities is different from that experienced by native women, as socioeconomic and cultural obstacles that the first ones face, turn the abuse experience even more complex. Knowing the conditions of the migration process that make the immigrant women vulnerable to violence, is essential to raise effective interventions and prevention programs in immigrant communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The legal configuration of kinship ties in immigration law is governed by a restrictive logic that combines a dependent and nuclear composition with mismatches in the concrete form of managing the distances, the dynamics and the times at origin and destination. The family model in immigration law has an ideal and dominant approach openly excluding other family realities in the social context. Law in an inherent tendency towards the ideal doesn't allow a legitimate choice between autonomy and individual freedom in order to define or not the family project and own relationships. In this paper I discuss from a critical approach the inconsistencies presented by the current Spanish immigration law to restructure households in the family reunification scheme because of Law doesn't secure a suitable degree of equality and justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, the large increase in international migration has challenged the traditional conception of citizenship based on nationality and confined to the borders of the nation-state. Several contributions point to the need to take into account key elements in order to expand the concept in a cosmopolitan context. Nevertheless, the role of immigrant women is hardly discussed. This paper aims to contribute to this debate by presenting a critique of the traditional concept of citizenship. The article also introduces the role of immigrant women in the practice of citizenship through their everyday experiences. From a transnational perspective, we argue that immigrant women promote a more inclusive citizenship due to their links with grassroots organizations and informal spaces of participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to show the limited inclusion of journalists of migrant origin in Spanish mainstream media, analyzing not only their difficulties in getting a job in the media industry and the precarious working conditions here prevail, but also the struggle of these journalists to acquire visibility and recognition as media professionals. These journalists" inclusion must be framed in a highly unfavourable context, characterized by chronic deregulation. The analysis of migrant journalists" job inclusion surpasses work conditions to highlight the debate about the possibilities of development of a public sphere that really reflects the multicultural society in which we live. Thus, the basic argument that lies behind the analysis is the democratization of national media field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to understand the role of physical activity and sport in the social integration of young immigrants in Almeria (Spain). The Physical Activity and Sport Acculturation Index (PASAI) was designed for this purpose, taking four dimensions into account (i.e., mixed relationships, cultural references, norms and transnationality). Data were obtained from a survey administered to the immigrant population between 14 and 24 years old. Results show that immigrants have a low level of participation in physical activity and sport. Generation and origin appear to be the main variables that predict this participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article has its origins in my doctoral dissertation, submitted to the University of Barcelona in 2011. As a part of the investigation's theoretical framework, it explores the sociopolitical and symbolic context through which, since the mid-80s in Spain, the migration from non-EU countries has become a focus of intervention and public debate mediated by metaphors of otherness and negative differentiation. The paper explores three interrelated issues: (i) the dynamics of labor migration in Europe since the post-war period until the 1973 oil crisis; (ii) the political, administrative and legal dynamics that began to emerge in the Spanish context thereafter, designed to regulate immigration, and (iii) the set of representations and discursive strategies around non-EU immigration and immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the First National Immigrant Survey in Spain from the perspective of the migratory chains as an explanatory paradigm of migration processes in the country. The first part provides a literature review of key aspects of the concept of migratory chains. In the second part, we identify and discuss the survey results related to migratory chains, such as: contacts in Spain before arrival, influence of contacts in the decision to travel, money transfer, contacts in the immigrant's home country and intention of bringing relatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines, first, data about perceptions and attitudes in Latin-American immigrants and the Spanish population towards intimate partner violence against women. Secondly, it explores correlates of attitudes towards reporting cases of partner violence against women in a sample of Latin-American immigrants. Three data sources, which include two representative samples of the Spanish population and a sample of Latin-American immigrants, are used. Results show significant differences between Spanish and immigrant perceptions and attitudes toward intimate partner violence against women. Analyses also show that positive attitudes among Latin-American immigrants towards reporting cases of partner violence were more frequent among those who were less tolerant, who perceived it as a major problem in society, and tended not to blame the victims. These results underline the importance of public attitudes towards intimate partner violence against women for the understanding and prevention of this social problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The setting up of small shops by foreign people involves a number of difficulties and challenges with respect to how it fits in certain districts. These issues have been tackled from the view of intercultural mediation. This kind of intervention focuses on relationships and communication among shopkeepers by highlighting their common interests. Intervention also includes making associative networks acknowledge and adapt to new realities. This paper describes a process of intervention focused on community intercultural mediation carried out in small shops in a district of Barcelona. First, the most significant results of the diagnosis stage are shown concerning the speech and relationships of the main agents along with "conflict" analysis. Then a detailed mediation intervention is described that was carried out with a group of shopkeepers called "shop promoting group". Finally, bearing in mind their high participative and transformational potential, some general appraisals are made with respect to the impact of this type of processes and their continuity and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public spaces represent one of the most visible scenes involved in the process of assimilating immigrants in Spanish towns and cities. The new neighbours use public spaces as an instrument for social networking and finding direction, and in so doing, transform these spaces in various ways. This article analyses this process, which involves the creation of two types of spaces and generate quite distinct dynamics, perceptions and evaluations. Some of these spaces are shared by neighbors from different backgrounds. Others, with large concentrations of immigrants from the same culture and/or national origin, have become ethnified spaces. The central thread of the analysis is the concept of sociability, it is based on research conducted by the author in the city of Valencia and several municipalities of Campo de Cartagena (Murcia, Spain). The paper studies the different strategies employed in the use and appropriation of public spaces by the immigrant communities, in particular the Ecuadorians. It analyses the opinions that arise from these communities regarding the effects the new neighbors have on the local population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last two decades, Spain has become a major immigration country with the associated economical, labour, cultural impact and its implications. This paper departs from a consideration of the complexity and multi-dimensionality of this phenomenon. A review is made of literature regarding the connexion between acculturation strategies deployed by the immigrants and social values —a key component of work fit and work meaning. Acculturation strategies in this exploratory study are based on Berry's Model. These strategies identify which work aspects are awarded more importance and to what extent cultures from both the country of origin and the host country influence the attribution of value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arrival of immigrant families to Spain from other countries has led a sharp increase in foreign students in Spanish schools, which have in turn become multicultural spaces. . The concept of culture could become the framework on which are based discriminations, prejudices and stereotypes towards groups and individuals. This paper describes the main results of an ethnographic study about the perceived concept of culture of students at a Spanish university. In particular this study was developed from data collected among students who, during academic year 2003/2004, attended to "Education and Socio-cultural Diversity", subject included in this academic year for the first time in the Degree in Education at the University of Almería. This research not only seeks to give an insight into the concept of culture handle these students, but also to analyze the influence of the subject on the concept of culture used by students as well as the influence of the lecturer on their views and attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite increasing measures to control and regulate migration flows, irregular migration has grown in the last few years in Spain, Malaysia and the United States. This increase in irregular immigration has mainly been explained in relation to socio-economic factors. However, while these factors explain the presence of migration flows towards these countries, they do not succeed in explaining why an important part of these flows takes place on a non-regular basis. This can only be considered by taking into account the State and its immigration policies. Starting out from this statement, this research paper analyses to what extent, how and why the immigration policies of Spain, Malaysia and the United States produce «illegals«. This means not only analysing how and why immigration policies contribute to the increase in the number of irregular immigrants, but also how and why, by denying their rights and often their existence, they create the figure of the «illegal immigrant». As this research note demonstrates for the Malaysian case, irregular immigration is not despite immigration policies but because of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this analysis we make an approach to the impact and importance of a transnational perspective when studying current international migrations. More specifically, the objective of this paper is to reflect on the impact of the monetary and «social» remittances of Peruvian and Ecuadorian immigrants living in Spain, considering their households as transnational. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Are there really so many Moroccan immigrants or is it more a question of attitude and behaviour? This paper is an attempt to answer both questions. Firstly, to try to establish how many they are and their nationality, in which a conflict arises concerning their numbers. Secondly, we shall attempt to explain the attitude and opinion of the young people in Granada (between the ages of 14 to 25) in the face of these Moroccan immigrants. In order to do so, we shall refer to the results of the survey carried out within the Project, Cities against racism, "Granada, an integrating city", subsidised by the European Commission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inmigration is a frequent issue in the media as well as in the personal encounters of people. The social interest of this topic is evident. According to official figures in 2001 there were in Spain 1.1 million foreigners, that is, near 3 percent of the total population of Spain and less than half of the ones of the EU.s countries. We continue having a low migration rate. though this is not impediment for its growing interest to study it. To this, it is also strange to learn that no body talks of the Spaniards living abroad except at electoral limes. At the beginnings of year 2000, there were 1.57 millions, much more than the immigrants. If we had them in mind, our behavior with the foreigners, especially iberoamericans, would be different, more just and solidary. Therefore, in this paper, I try to explain the number, causes, characteristics and consequences of the Spaniards abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]