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Governments shape social problems, discourses and the solutions to solve them. In this context, the main goal of this paper is the comparative analysis of childcare policies in the following countries: Chile, Costa Rica, Uruguay, and Mexico. In order to contribute to the debate about childcare in Latin America, in the light of the frame critical analysis, the problem that each policy solves is analyzed and compared, as well as its aims and solutions. The study is based on governmental documents such as plans and programs, as well as on academic and social organizations discourses, and the literature about the topic in the Latin American region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an updated overview on the teaching of social responsibility in Mexico, and his record in Latin America, to identify other teaching corporate social responsibility, is really a priority for Institutions of higher education, likewise are the main considerations that have guided the higher education Institutions to carry out training processes in corporate social responsibility, in this paper highlights the main definitions adopted this term as well as some major findings that have identified certain "trends, initiatives and actions of institutions" in front of the scope of corporate social responsibility. The paper is organized into five different sections, the first section presents introductory type questions and the main reasons that encouraged the development of the project and have made it possible to establish the background to the corporate social responsibility, the second presents the main definitions that have provided authors and national and international concept, the third section lists the topics and indicators of corporate social responsibility, a fourth section presents the teaching of social responsibility in Latin America and describes the initiatives undertaken by universities around Latin America, in the fifth section presents the main higher education Institutions have undertaken corporate social responsibility initiatives in Mexico, finally have some final thoughts on the main contributions of institutions of higher education in the teaching of corporate social responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hondo transboundary river basin is a territory shared by Mexico, Guatemala and Belize. There is not enough information about mechanisms of cooperation in water issues in the river basil and the reasons that prevent this process. Nevertheless, we know about the existence of factors of conflicts that limit the cooperation. This article describes the factor of conflicts and their bonds with the cooperation around die water. The construction of the analysis was based in the grounded theory, with the use of the semi-structured interviews and the participant observation as tools of data collection. The data obtained was analyzed by a codification of information based on: the anthropic conflicts, their relation with the cooperation and the institutional paper as part of die factors of conflict. For the location of key stakeholders and the elaboration of interviews, it was necessary to take advantage of a hemerographic analysis and the existing relations as a result of a previous work in 2003, besides applying the technique of "snow ball" to identify new key stakeholders. The paper tries to highlight how existing potential anthropic conflicts in the river basin may affect processes and attempts for cooperation in water issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the obvious social and economic differences in Latin America, this paper establishes that the purpose of the company is not only economic gain, but also the service and social development of the community in which they are immersed. Faced with this dilemma between service and profit, more ethical than strategic, the paper offers a number of examples where companies achieve better results in the long term establishing the emphasis on service. Finally the paper shows the case of Grupo La Norteñita, which has developed members of one of the poorest indigenous communities in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, certain governments and civil society organizations are taking part in processes of building up policies, programs, and projects. This situation opens a way for the appearance of quizzes about each of them responsibility for these activities. This article analyzes the concept of shared responsibility and tries to find out the proper definition for the interaction among actors, the way it is established, the values and attitudes that it promotes, as well as the rules, the management mechanisms and the resource distribution that rule that mentioned relationship. With regard to the establishment of this kind of relationship, this study presents the main aspects of some experiences that were carried out in Mexico City, as well as the challenges that the developed strategies and methodologies face. The application of new internal control approaches has been already taken by rules and norms from diverse fiscalization methods in several countries of the American continent (the most notorious case seems to be the Act Sarbanes Oxley, in the United States). The latest control models are being progressively included as a basis for the definition of fiscalization procedures in different countries. This paper explains the way that this framework may be actually used through two different action lines, which are separated but complementary. They can be used both in the Public Sector and private companies for: the development of organizational institutional diagnosis and the establishment of intervention plans, as well as fore the continuous monitoring of internal control structures as a method for contributing to management. On the other hand, the present study presents real cases of practical use of the COSO Model in Latin America. These cases support the work hypothesis created by the author, as well as the features that the writer has identified in projects that have implemented this tool in diverse organizations. Through these examples, and the case description, it can be understood the way the COSO Model, as the object of the current study, should take in order not to remain as just an abstract or academic concept. The COSO Model presents an integrated framework that influences organizations in a concrete and direct form. It covers a place that had not been occupied when considering control under the old concept. Finally, this paper tries to develop the integrated COSO Model framework from a practical point of view, and not only theoretical. Besides this, the article emphasizes the usefulness of the Model concepts as an especially managerial tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some routes of analyses around the following question: How to incorporate ethically the problem in their daily actions, and similarly, how to avoid the successful strategies of oblivion and indifference? are addressed in this paper. Certain emphasis is made on the gained importance that the popular processes have specially those related to the youth, while, thanks to their narratives, they increase and succeed, on a daily basis, over the authoritarian rhetoric seeking to silence memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an expanded, more thorough version of a paper presented at the Seminar on Development Theory about the international crisis, hosted by the UNAM Institute for Economic Research. It includes a historical and theoretical introduction, followed by three parts and a. brief conclusion. The three parts are a) relations between the world crisis and the U.S. economy; b) the current course of the crisis, its localization in Western Europe, and probable international consequences, and c) the consequences for Mexico in the more general framework of Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the relationship between the performance of Latin American stock markets with their real economies, applying seven econometric models for the cases of Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico. The relationship between stock market yields in these countries and their respective GDPS is examined and compared, applying to the series for each country unit root tests, cointegration analysis, error correction model analysis, Granger causality modeling, self-regression vector analysis, stimulus and response functions, and variance decomposition analysis. The series comprise the following stock markets: Argentina's MERVAL, Brazil's BOVESPA, Chile's IGPA, and Mexico's IPC, as compiled by Economática. The GDP series were obtained from the Cepalstat data base. The series are monthly and are for the period 1993-2005. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of my paper is to make a balance in the rural school historiography in Mexico, and through it, dialogue with those made in other Latin American countries. Instead of trying to have a joint vision of rural educational development in Latin America through a supposed progress, what really interests is to go beyond national barriers with the purpose of generating a debate about the heterogeneity of different local realities and theoretical-methodological perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to establish the nature, as the characteristics of Latin American society during the colony, especially the new Spain, and the reasons why the wars of independence in the region, and the circumstances which determine, as they create disruptions, since the beginning of their economies in seeking to implement a project of nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific papers published in Mexican and Latin American journals are usually assigned very low (or even null) value in the research evaluation systems that are currently prevalent in this region. Consequently, our scientists are publishing their most relevant research elsewhere, mainly in journals that are indexed in ISI's Citation Index (CI) and have a high Impact Factor (IF) because these journals are the most highly valued by our evaluators. Latin American journals literally are being deprived of the best contributions from the region, making it even more difficult to acquire the international visibility needed for our journals to become more attractive to our researchers and evaluators. If this cycle continues, our journals will be condemned to a secondary role in the advancement of science and may even disappear. Several scientists have exposed the main problems and limitations of ISI's CI and the IF as indicators of 'good science' and I review these here. I then briefly describe recently developed alternatives that should at least complement these indicators or possibly replace them in the evaluation of research. Finally, I reflect on current practices of research evaluation and propose some measures to break the vicious cycle in which our journals are trapped. My main objective is to contribute to the debate on the indicators employed in our evaluation systems and to stimulate the discussion of the far reaching consequences that the use of these indicators is having on the development of science in Latin America and on the future of our journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the distribution in Mexico of the ant genus Thaumatomyrmex is analyzed. The Los Tuxtlas region in the state of Veracruz represents the most northern locality for this rare Neotropical genus. Body measurements and photographs of the two specimens collected are provided; the status of the species remains unclear due to the lack of definition on the species diagnostic characters. The rarity of the genus in Mexico is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The databases generated in the institutes and centers of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) are analyzed, where the scientific knowledge published in the countries of Latin America, Caribbean, Spanish and Portuguese journals on Humanities and Social Sciences is referred. Methodology. From the review of the web pages of the institutes that approach these disciplines, we identified some databases. We interview the persons in charge of the development of the databases to obtain information about the content, level of analysis, number of records, software, products and services. This paper describes, the characteristics, subject and geographic coverage, services and forms of access to these data bases. The databases analyzed are IRESIE, iberoamerican education database; CLASE (Latin American Citation Index in Social Sciences and Humanities) PERIODICA; (Index to Latin American Sciences Journals); FILOS (Mexican Philosophy); and INFOBILA (Latin American Library and Information Sciene); and LATINDEX (Regional system of online information for science journals of Latin America, Caribe, Spain and Portugal). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In May of 2004, the "3rd Summit of Heads of State and Government of Latin America, the Caribbean and the European Union" was held in Guadalajara, Mexico. Simultaneously, civil society organizations met in the same city, where they carried out several activities, among them, a unitary pacific demonstration that resulted in several riots. This paper shows the Mexican government's efforts to criminalise the social altermundista movement; as well as the role played by the Catholic Church, the entrepreneurial upper elite and local media. Despite the electoral legitimacy discourse and the political re-democratization, there are some signs of returning to authoritarianism but also a return to the struggle for defence and the widening of civil rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I show the experience obtained in Mexico and Latin America from the application of the Methodological Framework for the Evaluation of Management Systems with Sustainability Indicators between 1999 and 2005. These are diverse efforts to increase and evaluate the sustainability of agro ecosystems under various conditions, with different constraints and results; in some cases, these include the comparison of contrasting systems and, in others, the changes obtained for the same system under alternative ways of management. All the cases are attempts to make operative the concept of sustainability applied to sustainable development, specifically supported over the experience of evaluating agro ecosystems under the conditions of the Latin American countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this article is to study food policies and their importance for social capital formation within the context of State reform in Mexico and Latin America. In order to achieve this goal we divide our paper in three parts. In the first part, we study state reform from a new theoretical perspective, analyzing new complex proposals and their relationships with decentralization and emerging actors. Secondly, we describe the phases that social food policy has undergone, as well as its effect on social organization. Finally, we study new food policies in Mexico and their probable perspectives for success from the point of view of establishing social capital which is an important part of the emerging theories on society and state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global integration has advanced in a vertiginous way, but in an unequal and unbalanced manner, affecting regions, countries, enterprise and individuals within the scenario of winners and losers, concentrating power and marginalizing the poor. This paper utilizes certain Latin American and Mexican socio-economic indicators in order to demonstrate the contradictions generated by the present development model, the consequences of which are reflected in the serious proportions that poverty and inequality have acquired in these countries. More than just a description, we propose a reflection on the challenges to be faced in order to reach this long awaited development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is divided into three sections, the first sketches a panorama of the conditions of construction of knowledge, not "about" but from the perspective of culture. The second is a self-critical presentation of the author's work on what he terms '"Cultural Fronts. " Lastly, some of the characteristics and effects of the cultural fronts project are presented, which is currently being developed in Mexico and, through recently initiated collaborations, in other parts of Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]