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This paper is a product from the study of educational research disciplinary conformation in Mexico, and its relationship with the national research system's institutionalization through the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT). Its purpose is to identify the articulation between the theoretical and methodological nuclei that outcome from sociology with the most relevant historical events at the genesis of the Educational System of Mexico, which have stimulated the formation of the country's scientific field of education. Throughout the paper, the relation between the research paradigms, the classical and contemporary theoretical production of education's sociology and the critical events in which the national educational system was consolidated, are stablished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses the epistemic functions of images in the geographic and sociological discourses on poverty habitat in the megacities of the global south by focusing on Mexico city. Based on a conceptual and methodological review of art history from Bildwissenschaft perspective (visual studies), this paper aims to examine the poverty habitat by describing its typologies, patterns, encodings and possible effects of its visual constructions. This contribution outlines the utility of this type of research, the function of inter and transdisciplinary studies in this field and its fundamental ethic dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to evaluate whether the low-carbon transport strategy (subway, rapid transit bus system -Macrobús-, trolleybus, and shared bicycles) implemented in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area (AMG) from 2000 to 2019 improves air quality. Sustainable urban mobility is the movement of people in cities in a way that generates the least impact on the environment. We analyze three actions of government intervention in the same sense. This is the first study for Guadalajara, the third-largest city in Mexico. We use robust Newey-West estimators and endogenously model pollution disruptions using the Bai Perron approach. Our results suggest that this type of public transport reduces SO2, NO2, O3, and CO, though we find an increase in PM10. We also identified that when the service of the first line of the Bus Rapid Transit was consolidated CO, O3 and PM10 decreased. In addition, the improvement in the connectivity of the bus network with the subway means that only NO2 diminished. Finally, the entry into operation of the shared bicycle program reduced PM10, while increasing O3 and in SO2. In short, sustainable urban mobility is an alternative to making the transit of people efficient, while mitigating air pollution in the AMG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faced with popular dissatisfaction with liberal-capitalist democracy, at the beginning of the 21st century there is a governmental shift to the left in Latin America, in which Mexico is recently participating, with the arrival of the Morena party to power. The social movements that promote these political projects convey leftist utopias that seek to institutionalize themselves in political systems and public policies. However, this process of utopian institutionalization presents tensions and contradictions within the so-called party-movements. In this paper I present a methodological proposal for utopian analysis, which I apply to the "Colectivo La Calle", a group that is part of the lopezobradorista movement in Mexico. I analyze three utopias mediated by this group and find that indeed the Colectivo is mobilizing against Morena's pragmatism. This result adds to previous literature, which, given contemporary governmental experiences, questions the ability of the Latin American institutional left to overcome conservative hegemony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has paralyzed businesses, causing a global economic crisis. In this paper, the support that the Mexican government intends to give to companies that fell into crisis is analyzed. The problem lies in a lack of knowledge of these companies: those that were in crisis before the epidemic and those that went into crisis because of it. To avoid economic and social losses, an asymmetric game is presented, the results show a mechanism to incorporate signals and improve uncertainty. The analysis deduces a threshold that determines a percentage of companies to support, showing that it is optimal to support 46% of the approximately 4 million MSMEs that exist in Mexico. The scarce official information limits the results, in addition to the fact that the model only shows a resource allocation mechanism and not an equilibrium, since the company player only emits an exogenous signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the gender wage discrimination in manufacturing of Saltillo and Hermosillo. The source of information is derived from the National Survey of Occupation and Employment (ENOE) 2005-2011. The results show the existence of gender wage gap, which averaged 25.0 percent exceeded the favor of men and where decomposition of it allows for more than 80.0 percent of the disparity is associated with discrimination against women, and not seen a reduction in the time and if an extension of the wage gap in the crisis years. For urban areas, there are significant differences in terms of the wage gap, but on average, Hermosillo has a higher level of wage discrimination, despite the increased participation of women in manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I present a description, interpretation and a series of photographs of two different social life situations experienced by a group of people in Ciudad Juárez. My main objective is to show how local people construct their sense of feeling in their effort to recover a better quality of life in this border city. On one hand, I offer a recreation of the Independence Day parade. In this context, people enjoy the civic celebration, mainly by walking the main street with a sense of freedom by "recovering" the streets and ending their walk in the main plaza, which is the main symbolic space in the City. On the other hand, the situation is concern with the struggle enacted by a group of women in order to promote the social participation in Riberas del Bravo. They are trying to improve both, individual and social life through of collective work and community activities. I discuss that both, the civic parade and the women's social action in Riberas show signs of hope for people in Juárez. They have a strong wish of believe in an alternative way of life, different from the one based on distrust and fear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]