Search

During the first decades of the 20th century, the supply of paper for the printing industries in Mexico became a problematic issue. Production difficulties, price increases and poor distribution during the monopoly of the San Rafael factory started a deep debate on the modernization and interference of the State in the paper industry. This article analyzes the transition between the private monopoly and the creation of the public company, Productora e Importadora de Papel Sociedad Anónima (PIPSA) in 1935, during the government of Lázaro Cárdenas (1934-1940). Through parliamentary debates, press articles and ministerial reports, the questioning of the monopoly as a public policy, the birth of PIPSA and the results in its first years of operation will be explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State negotiations constitute the foundation for the development of each nation, relying on the acquisition of resources and services. Public procurement not only has economic and social impacts but also demands that public officials ensure compliance with the law. However, some of these officials have violated the legal principles of public procurement, seeking to obtain benefits, goods, or personal services without legal backing. In studies conducted in Ecuador, this phenomenon has been analyzed in relation to the variability of indeter-minacies that public officials face in interpreting regulations. Therefore, this paper focuses on analyzing and defining the levels of indeterminacy present in the neutrosophic variable that influences the functioning of state negotiations. The use of neutrosophic statistics is suggested for modeling the study to detect indeterminacies of the variable in each dimension. Among the neutrosophic results, the misuse of government policies in state negotiation processes is identified as the sole criterion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fire is one of the most frequent destructive events across the world and the main cause of alterations in the functioning of ecosystems, shifting the patterns of matter and energy exchange with the atmosphere. The objectives of this paper are: 1) to identify the area affected by fires in the province of Cordoba, Argentina, between August and September 2020, 2) to analyze the impacts through four ecosystem variables: the aerial net primary productivity (ANPP), evapotranspiration (ET), albedo, and land surface temperature (LST), and 3) to identify priority areas for restoration through multicriteria analysis. We have used Sentinel-2 images and MODIS products through the Google Earth Engine platform. Fires affected 109,307 hectares, of which 40% exhibited a moderate to high severity. ET was the most affected variable, decreasing by up to 24.8% compared to the pre-fire average situation. The impact on LST and PPNA was found to be moderate, with extreme changes of 10.2% and 10.6%, respectively. We have identified four priority areas for restoration. The low priority areas represent 50% of the total burned area, while high priority areas represent just 7%. This paper provides highly useful information for implementing public policies aimed at guaranteeing the sustainability of these ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the growing success of gamification in higher education, it is surprising there are still no studies focusing on its implementation in the field of public policy. This paper aims to fill this gap. This article reviews the origins, benefits, and limits of gamification. It also introduces a series of activities implemented previously: the use of Lego bricks, a Kahoot contest, a urban rally, a surviving game among urban gardens, an escape game, a SimCity competition, and a simulation based on Diplomacy. This paper must be considered as roadmap that should be adapted by teachers to their own context. We advocate for a moderate and reasonable use of gamification. This trend must be considered as a simple tool to facilitate learning, and not as an end in itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The moratoriums constitute strategies and instruments used by public policies to establish limitations of the growth in the tourist accommodation. They are usually justified by the need to correct market failures and incorporate rationality criteria in the territorial development of tourism from approaches linked to sustainability. Thus, they contemplate some measures aimed at establishing quantitative, qualitative and temporal limits and rhythms of tourist containment, which, in some cases, are aimed at regrowh, postgrowth or degrowth. However, sometimes these measures result from regulatory capture processes. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the measures to contain and limit the growth of the tourist accommodation supply of the tourist moratoriums. The intention is to determine if some of them approached the tourism post-growth paradigm, as well as detect some non-existent effects. desired. We base ourselves on the paradigmatic evidence of the moratorium on tourist accommodation implemented in the Canary Islands (Spain). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher education of the future, relevant and internationalized, as a public good and universal right, the support of public policies and the commitment to equity and quality for the benefit of society and the Sustainable Development Goals is a very topical topic. The concepts, principles, roadmaps, vision, and thematic axes that are defined in the World Conferences on Higher Education, the Regional Conferences that precede it, demand contextualization to each region, country, territory, and institution. The objective of this paper is to reflect on the background and future impact of higher education, internationalization from the regional perspective of Latin America and the Caribbean, and the necessary integration of higher education systems to face the poor positioning of most universities and its impact on the levels of development in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an analysis and reflection of the results of the project "State Capacities for a Post Pandemic Municipal Agenda", from the call Pisac Covid 19. Argentine Society in the Post Pandemic; promoted by the National Agency for the Promotion of Research, Technological Development, and Innovation (Agencia I+D+i) of the Argentine Republic. The article is based on the advances and developments made by the research teams of the project and the progress made in some lines of work for the design of national public policies for LGs. This paper first presents the hypotheses and methodology of the research project. It then outlines the characteristics of the current situation of cities, their challenges, and capacities in a global context of accelerated and deepened transformations due to the pandemic and, in the following section, the main characteristics of local governments in Argentina. Subsequently, the results of the study are presented in relation to the different dimensions of the local governments studied and the profiles identified. Finally, models of local governments are proposed, resulting from the analysis and combination of the profiles previously identified, for the design of strategies to strengthen these capacities in the current context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the importance of the social processes -inherent to the drive to modernise the state undertaken under the first government of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo- that surrounded the gestation of works of institutional architecture as an expression of political aestheticisation. Primary and secondary sources were used to uncover a series of works of institutional architecture that laid the foundations for the modernisation and standardisation of school buildings in Chile at the beginning of the twentieth century. The results revealed the significant role played by The Foundation Company, the American company responsible for the Standard Schools, which were expressions of political aestheticisation that set the guidelines for educational architecture in Chile for the following five decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes from a regional scale the value chain that structures the Argentine space sector and the articulation between private companies and public innovation and development centers and laboratories during post-convertibility (2003-2021). The territorial cut is focused on the region of La Plata and nearby towns. Likewise, the idea of complex goods is worked on in this article, this notion refers to "project-based" products, with a high unit cost and "made to measure". hese goods are characterized by containing capital goods in their parts, thus motorizing the network of high value-added industries. In the region studied, the Faculty of Engineering of the UNLP and other research centers (UNLP-CONICET-CIC) have developed activities of fundamental importance for the Argentine space program, joining the nearby town of Pipinas, the Punta Indio Space Center (VENG-CONAE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public policies to promote the social economy (Morandeira, 2013) have been progressively reformulated in the Basque Country over the last five years, moving from a centralized model based on direct economic aid to one that seeks to incorporate a more holistic, ecosystemic and local approach. In the path of the main studies that collect these regulatory changes at the state level (Chaves, 2019; Fajardo, 2019; Chaves et al., 2020), in this paper address the main changes detected in the implementation of public action in the Basque Country. In this new, more territorialized and ecosystemic scheme, to the implementation of all public policy tools, both soft and hard (Chaves, 2009), organizational elements are added that tend towards models based on the co-construction of public policies (Vaillancourt, 2008). A proposal for public intervention is presented in which a model is defined with measures in collaboration with social economy entities to TRANSFORM the local development framework, the so-called "transformative public intervention". Finally, based on this third intervention model proposal, "Hernani Burujabe" is presented as a pioneering experience in the Basque Country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to analyze the forms that organizational hybridity assumes in subnational state-owned enterprises in Argentina --specifically, in those at the provincial level--; as well as the characteristics of the relations with the owner state and the national state, as a basis for the study of their interjurisdictional governance. The paper is based on a comparative analysis of four cases of provincial state-owned enterprise, using primary and secondary sources. Among other aspects, it is highlighted that the orientation of the companies analyzed includes a relevant presence of their public mission, although coexisting with varying degrees of commercial objectives. Likewise, the link with the owner state is mostly hierarchical, without ignoring different levels of managerial autonomy. Finally, the predominant relations with the national state are generally characterized by cooperation, usually in terms of the implementation of public policies, which reinforces the centrality of the companies' public mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we try to analyze some recent and ongoing changes that are taking place in the Uruguayan higher education system. Based on a system historically conditioned by the presence of a single public university, we try to briefly review the changes at this educational level in recent years, hand in hand with different national governments. In a regional scenario of increasing privatization from which Uruguay was apparently on the sidelines at times, we examine the characteristics of some changes that are taking place now and may constitute advances in a certain wave of privatization. We use contributions from the educational field, higher education and public policies and we conclude the text problematizing how novel these changes are and their possible impact given certain national characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper shows that the liberalization processes and the expansion of the financial sector have changed profoundly the economic, social, and political life of the world economy. New phenomena have arisen, such as the supremacy of the monetary authorities over the fiscal ones and the transformation of national governments into creditors of the central banks. These changes have generated negative consequences, like financial instability, an increase in the number of crises, low growth, and distributive inequality. The article clarifies the need to modify relevant aspects of economic policy. It argues that attributing the role of leaders to the monetary authorities in the coordination of economic policies harms growth and distributive equity. The work claims that discretion should be returned to fiscal policy and that public intervention should guide the evolution of the productive structure. To restore discretion to fiscal policy, the quality of public policies and the levels of trust between the different institutions of national economic policy and between financial market operators and government authorities must be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of new technologies in higher education is now a basic instrumental skill for students. However, there are few available sources to help university professors to choose the right applications for their classes. This pedagogical proposal is based on a selection of applications of interest for teachers and students in policy analysis which aims to maintain the balance between pedagogy and technology. These applications are designed to develop skills related with the public policy cycle, along with transversal issues like policy actors, institutions, ideas and territoriality. Each application is evaluated according to three variables: it must be free-of-charge, accessible and stable. The paper also includes some comments about their graphic interface and operability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the Programa de Crédito Argentino del Bicentenario para la Vivienda Única Familiar (pro.cre.ar) on implementation processes, created in 2012 by the National Government. pro.crear programm generated expectations among citizens and different economic sectors. However, it got around several obstacles in its implementation and some of its lines were more effective than others. This paper offers a "bottom-up" view that recovers experiences and residential trayectories of Program beneficiaries. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with beneficiaries and successful bidders (who could effectively access and use the credit) of pro.cre.ar (2012-2015) in the Municipality of La Matanza, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indigenous groups have been historically, economically, socially and educationally marginalized; a phenomenon whose reperfusions still echo in present times. The efforts that have been undertaken in different areas through public policies and educational reforms have not reached the necessary scope, showing an unavoidable need to generate a real and permanent change. In this respect, first person testimonies of those involved to achieve a favorable evolution in this regard. This study uses the phenomenological method to analyze the academic experiences of 36 indigenous students of elementary, highschool or university level, of regular schools as well as indigenous ones, who live in the states of Durango and Chihuahua. It also examines their sense of identity related to their customs and traditions. The inclusion criteria that was considered for the participants was that they had to belong to an indigenous group. This research positions itself in the interpretative framework and qualitative approach, using the in depth interview and questionnaire as techniques. The obtained information was analyzed and classified in the following categories, according to the purpose of the research: customs and traditions, sense of belonging, classroom experiences and relationship with non-indigenous classmates. The results of this paper show the strong sense of belonging of the students toward their communities of origin, |but they admit that the migration to the city and discriminatory experiences have led them to stop using their native language and traditional attires. In regards to the academic aspect, they share positive experiences related to the coexistence with their classmates and their professors' teaching approach, nevertheless, they express a sense of deficiency towards their Spanish use, and even to have endured marginalization in team work because of it. The paper concludes on the importance of guaranteeing the right to use and preserve the native language and particular cultural manifestations, as well as providing a truly intercultural educational model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial planning is a public policy that aims to improve the quality of life of citizens through the development of a territorial model in the geographical space to act. Four decades after the approval of the first Statute of Autonomy of the Valencian Community, it is possible to carry out a critical analysis of the public policies in spatial planning developed in this period. In these decades, regulations, guiding principles, procedures and work methods in spatial planning have changed, with a definitive commitment to sustainability since the beginning of this century. All this in relation to the proposals of the European Spatial Planning Strategy and the European Landscape Convention, as basic documents of territorial planning in this geographical space. The balance of spatial planning in the C. Valenciana offers lights and shadows that must be taken as lessons for the future practice of territorial planning. The geographical discipline has played an important role in the process of implementing territorial policies in the Valencian region, participating in the elaboration of plans on a regional or subregional scale, incorporating tools, working methods and proposals in the search for a territorial balance, difficult to achieve in an area with little culture of the territory. Finally, the paper presents a series of proposals for future spatial planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extraordinary expectations of construction of tourist accommodation at the end of the nineties in the destination of the Canary Islands (Spain) determined the convenience of intervening from the state. The purpose was to limit its unsustainable growth. The problem resulted in the way to address it, when different alternatives emerged from two groups of politicians and technicians. The main objective of this paper is to describe their behavior. This has allowed us to identify the public actors who were involved and led this pre-operational process, to discover their behavior patterns and leadership capacity, as well as the reactions of some to certain proposals and actions of others, especially when there were conflicts and divergences when multiple interests and technical and political points of view converged. For this, the content analysis approach or correlate of the moment has been chosen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to employment for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities requires individualized support processes, especially in the transition from school to employment. Public/private collaboration initiatives are emerging as successful strategies. This paper analyzes the implementation of the Individualized Itineraries Project in Castilla y León, analyzing its impact on the professional career of people with intellectual disabilities and its incursion into public policies. From the analysis we can conclude that these programs promote the employability of the group, under a comprehensive model of intervention that transcends the intermediation, covering planned actions from training for employment to access to housing. It is also observed its consolidation within the strategy of attention to disability in this territory and its orientation towards the achievement of a new model of day centers, oriented to the professional training of people with intellectual disabilities, with the aim of achieving a new social role that contributes to their life project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public issues regarding water are defined based on aspects of ownership and institutional responsibility, which has repercussions on their ability to implement effective actions for water resource management. The objective of this paper is to analyze government actions regarding urban water management and explain how they influence its institutional capacity. The methodology employed involved the use of institutional ethnography, which revealed the interactions between water resource management agencies and the priority action plans of governments. The findings recognize that the lack of institutional capacity is influenced by the particular interests of decision-makers who limit the political continuity of previous administrations. It is concluded that each administration addresses public issues according to their own interests, which may not always align with the needs and priorities of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the interrelation between nocturnity, youths, and systemic violence. Based on the theory of conceived and inhabited space, ethnographic work, and on-site exploration, a reconstruction of urban imaginaries "of the border" and "of the night" is presented, as well as the narratives generated by Tijuana's young residents. Thus, a distinction between the night (noctis) and nocturnity (noctem) is exposed, along with some key elements that make up the accessibility, experience, and participation of young people in Tijuana nights' nocturnity in recreational, inequality, transgression, and violence contexts. The results allow us to perceive nocturnity as a socially constructed space, complex and dynamic, with diffuse and rigid borders, that needs a comprehensive public policy that seeks the inclusion of the youth and the progressive decrease of the inequalities that affect them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Territorial inequality associated with the location of population and activities, access to infrastructure and services, employment and material living conditions, is a historical reality in Latin America. This phenomenon has accompanied the demands of successive development models, and since the mid-twentieth century it has begun to be recognised in its full complexity with the installation of developmentalist governments. As a result, various public policies were adopted that failed to have a significant impact on these inequalities or to address their social consequences. Given the need to reformulate approaches, optimise resources and overcome obstacles in the implementation of public policies, this paper seeks to analyse the policies on the government agenda in Argentina from the change of management materialized at the end of 2019, identifying the limitations, achievements and potentialities of the policies proposed in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico and their effects on territorial inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes as its object of study the production of Spanish feature films by Netflix. The main objectives are the analysis of Netflix's film production and marketing strategies in the Spanish market and the identification of the platform's relationships with Spanish production companies and television in the production or co-production of original content. The results highlight the integration of Netflix in the systematized dynamics of production and commercial exploitation of successful Spanish cinema. Netflix respects its legal obligations, but also takes advantage of a protectionist system for European culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ostensibly, Joe Biden's victory over Donald Trump in the 2020 presidential elections should have placed United States international policy back on a familiar path. However, despite the prevalence of a highly traditional vision of US foreign policy, the Biden administration has maintained significant continuities with the previous administration, as reflected in the policy towards China and the withdrawal from Afghanistan. In part, this is due to the constraints produced by the deep divisions that exist at domestic level. This paper aims to unravel the fundamental elements of Biden's foreign policy, focusing on possible ideological and doctrinal elements, strategic priorities, and any continuities and changes relative to his predecessor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper empirically studies the impact of government quality on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in a sample of 46 economies in the 1996-2018 period. In particular, we comparatively examine to what extent quality of government influences FDI inflows in two groups of countries that show relevant differences in their levels of government quality: 33 OECD countries and 13 Latin American countries. Applying panel data methods, we found that institutional quality positively affects FDI in both groups of countries, and the impact is stronger in OECD countries than it is in Latin American countries. This study reveals that the design of public policies that strengthen institutional quality is essential, particularly in Latin American countries with weaker institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Cuba, the treatment of vulnerabilities in the population takes on a new tone in the current conditions. To address this social phenomenon, it is necessary to implement a methodological tool of proven effectiveness worldwide, such as the multidimensional measurement of poverty. This paper aims to explain the characteristics of multidimensional poverty measurement as a tool for improving government attention to vulnerabilities from public policies. The proposal of an Observatory as a way to achieve this task. Among the results of the work are: the elaboration of an instrument for the registration of socioeconomic information in the homes of the municipality, the formation of capacities in institutions and the municipal government, the development of a mobile application and a computer software for capturing, transmission, processing and dissemination of data collected at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of EU cohesion policy, as it happens more generally with the public policies that are made at the EU level, is dependent on the administrative capacity of the public organizations with implementing powers within each Member State, including the regional and local tiers. The necessity to develop these skills in different territories and sectors, to guarantee the execution of the investments assigned, has required the European Commission, in cooperation with the OECD in some initiatives, to provide diverse tools for national Administrations to help them to strengthen these skills. This contribution reviews the conceptual literature on policy capacity, and it clarifies the definition of administrative capacity. Furthermore, it examines various empirical papers that deal with the link between administrative capacity and the absorption of EU funds, along with the main projects for administrative capacity development that have been conducted by the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy (DG REGIO). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using an ethnographic approach, including various techniques such as bibliographic analysis, analysis of documents and archives and longterm field work in Pilagá communities, this article analyzes --various transformations of Pilagá basketry between 1978 and 2014. Our research highlights the creation of an indigenous craft and its simultaneous attachment to the Pilagá identity as authentic. In addition, the paper examines and identifies the various transformations and their dialogue with market trends and public cultural policies --both in presence and absence--, in relation to artisanry in the province of Formosa, within a field that includes multiple actors holding unequal power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The community-based modality is consolidating as a way of organizing tourism in rural areas, although its conceptualization and implementation is diverse. The State has a relevant role in the promotion, planning and extension of tour-ism in a territory. For this reason, we are interested in analyzing how the notions of community tourism are constructed -and regulated- from public policies based on regulatory frameworks. Thus, this paper analyzes the course of the institutionalization of community tourism in Argentina based on its existing national and provincial legislation. As a result, we observe a diversity of ways to define rural tourism and the participation of communities based on what is meant by rural tourism and which sectors of the communities are involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the scientific literature on return migration in Colombia that assesses and sheds light on the importance of this phenomenon in terms of its empirical contributions, in the first two decades of the present century. To do so, four dimensions of analysis are used as a starting point: what and who are the returnees; where they return to —the territorial scale of return from an ontological viewpoint, specifically, the territorial dimension—; the reasons for return; and the public policies of return. The bibliographic review and selection strategy was undertaken in four phases: 1) bibliographic search in indexing and abstracting systems (SIR): ALAP-OIM, DOAJ, Redalyc, Scopus, Seriunam, Clacso, Clase, LatAM-Estudios, Redib, SciELO Colombia, Biblat, Publindex-Colombia, Cepal and Web of Science; 2) purging of duplicate studies; 3) eligibility; and 4) specific selection. The total number of papers located was 424. Of these, a total of 127 were selected according to the inclusion-exclusion and methodological evaluation criteria. Despite the progress made, we concluded that there is a lack of studies on return migration in areas such as family, multidimensional reintegration, transnationalism, and political participation. There are also few studies that address current return from Venezuela, making it difficult to design policies to manage the phenomenon. Finally, the originality of this article consists in the dimensions of the analysis of return and its temporality. This in the light of a methodological procedure using grounded theory, in which each scientific text constituted a heuristic and hermeneutic unit of comparative analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, the design of public policies has gathered diverse disciplines to propose new ways to build knowledge destined to heed society's needs and opportunities. In Latin America, the multicultural and pluriethnic character of the societies has supposed special interest to their design. The case studies allow to locate experiences and to build comparisons and detailed and complex readings of the phenomena present within the territories. Through the compared analysis of four experiences led by the National University of Colombia, with a social innovation approach, this paper describes the contrasts and nuances found in the interaction of local ecosystems of collaboration. Morin's complex thinking, and the social innovation approach are proposed to analyze the contributions of the academy in the scenario of peacebuilding, through the role of mediation in the interaction of local knowledge. This is fundamental for the consolidation of territorial communal processes, and to establishing potential recommendations for the multi-stakeholder design of public policies in the pos-accords scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governance and its role in local public management is a recurring theme in contemporary specialized literature due to its contribution to the collective construction capacity of a territorial project; however, the study carried out in the last decades shows diverse conceptions and methodologic al proposals about it. The objective of this paper is to design a methodology with a governance approach for the municipal management of the housing deficit in the municipality of Palma Soriano, which allows the formulation of public policies and the elaboration of actions for their implementation. Theoretical and empirical methods were used, including dialectical-materialist, historical-logical and systemic-structural methods, accompanied by the techniques of social network analysis and prospective scenarios. The expert method and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, Decision, Micmac, Multipol, Smic-Prob-Expert, UciNet software were used. The effectiveness of the proposal was validated using the Iadov method. Among the results achieved are the public policies regarding the housing deficit for Palma Soriano and the strategic actions necessary for their implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of the construction of the theoretical and thematic background of the research project entitled "Disability in Urban Public Space. Public Policy, Materiality, and Inclusion in Bogotá D.C." and seeks to identify the trends and main currents related to the production of public space and its impact on social inclusion or exclusion, especially of people with disabilities. The issue is addressed by contemporary debates raised by different authors about the construction and social production of space and their influence on the physical-spatial reality of cities. The studies and theorizations of these authors are critically approached in order to build a reflection about the right to the city, the spatial inclusion/exclusion, and disability in public space. For this purpose, a systematized literature review was carried out based on the SALSA methodology (Search, AppraisaL, Synthesis, and Analysis). As a result of this review, it became evident that there is a systematic separation between the production of physical space and social space derived from the acts of dominant power mediated by expert technocrats who conceive, project, and materialize physical space and its difference from the practices, perceptions, and experiences of those who use it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The live streaming platforms of large operators such as Netflix have become established amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America. This scenario gives rise to unequal and inequitable processes in audiovisual production, distribution, and consumption. This paper intends to vindicate, recover, and encourage the discussion on audiovisual policy-making based on cultural diversity precepts to protect Latin American cinematographies and regulate the corporate, economic, and commercial power conditions of those companies that dominate the markets worldwide. The analysis strategy was based on a documentary and statistical review that describes how Latin American cinema shows a series of asymmetries, which remain in the analog stage and increase in a digital context. The lines of work proposed from this analysis are based on ten pivotal points to establish public policies for cultural diversity in the Latin American audiovisual sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deepest impacts of extractivism are its spillover effects - the transformations it provokes in public policies (environmental, social and economic) and in terms of key concepts like development, politics, justice, democracy and nature. Based on a description of the cases of Tariquía National Flora and Fauna Reserve, Carrasco National Park and the Apolobamba National Natural Area of Integrated Management, this paper analyses the sequence of extractivism-related spillover effects on public policies, regulations and the operation of all Bolivia's protected areas. Particular emphasis is placed on the consequences for human rights and rights of nature, which are recognised in Bolivian law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread perception of corruption and the correlative disaffection of citizens towards politics and institutions have generated the implementation of public policies aimed at tackling and preventing these inappropriate practices. The Administration of Castilla y León is no exception in this panorama, and in the absence of observatories or opinion studies that evaluate its situation, it is acuratte to carry out an analysis of the institutional integrity policy developed by the Junta de Castilla y León. This paper tries to answer the following question: do the instruments of democratic regeneration that the Administration of Castilla y León has adopted between 2007 and 2021 make up a true «system of institutional integrity»? As a main result of this research, it is concluded that in Castilla y León numerous measures of democratic regeneration have been implemented that can form a system of institutional integrity, but they are still in the process of formation and development, and there is a lack of a continuous evaluation system that provides the denomination of «integral». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roraima is one of the main entrances for Venezuelan migrants who have to cope with a severe humanitarian crisis. Immigration triggered an increase in the already overburdened public services. One solution involved the establishment of an Interiorization Plan to displace immigrants within Brazil. Current paper analyzes the emergence/necessity of a cooperative federalism of the municipality. The model and the plan are analyzed to see whether these factors contribute towards the effectiveness of host public policies for Venezuelan immigrants and refugees. Current deductive and hermeneutic paper investigates the structure of the cooperative federal state, financial autonomy and federative independence and the needs of effectiveness of host public policies. Results show cooperation as a path to achievement and the establishment of a compensatory fund which would minimize expenses when migratory waves occur in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of the State in Argentina in the last three decades, based on oil policies, in order to understand its different transformations. The 90s were characterized by an abrupt referential change in the role of the state but especially in the productive and regulatory capacity on hydrocarbons. Despite of the neoliberal paradigm crisis on the beginning of the new millennium, energy policies on hydrocarbons still maintained the previous referential sector strategies. From the analysis of documentary sources and quantitative data, this paper aims to demonstrate how oil policy remains managed by market forces despite the fact that 51 % of Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF) shares were purchased by the State. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After its political independence in 1956, Morocco faced different socio-economic problems. This paper shows the development policy implemented in the country, especially that related to the fight against poverty and inequalities. Development policy is analyzed from the first years of independence to 2004. The few good results obtained forced the national government to face such problems through a new development model. Thus, since 2005, the National Initiative for Human Development (NIHD) was initiated. However, this research shows that the NIHD's investments have been directed mainly to the most populated areas and have a null impact on the indicators that measure social problems such as poverty. Therefore, it is clear that the NHRI is not the "magic" solution to the social issue in the country. Regarding the methodology, quantitative and qualitative information has been combined. The first allows for the extraction of indicators for its graphic and cartographic representation and the second allows for an analysis of the assessments expressed by the public actors involved in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The health and economic effects of COVID-19 challenge governments and force them to implement policies to mitigate the consequences on the economic activity. Local governments lack the tools to meet the demands of the affected economic sectors. This paper seeks to investigate the difficulties faced by the government of the municipality of Bahía Blanca to meet the requirements of local merchants. Based on the analysis of the institutional framework and a survey of the commercial sector conducted by the Economic Reactivation Commission convened by the municipality in the context of the pandemic, inconsistencies were found between the demands made by the affected economic agents to the municipal government and the offer of local public policies. The local government has little scope of action and policies depend on the national and provincial governments. At the same time, merchants show financial vulnerability, which implies a strong dependence on external aid to overcome risk situations or economic-financial difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faced with popular dissatisfaction with liberal-capitalist democracy, at the beginning of the 21st century there is a governmental shift to the left in Latin America, in which Mexico is recently participating, with the arrival of the Morena party to power. The social movements that promote these political projects convey leftist utopias that seek to institutionalize themselves in political systems and public policies. However, this process of utopian institutionalization presents tensions and contradictions within the so-called party-movements. In this paper I present a methodological proposal for utopian analysis, which I apply to the "Colectivo La Calle", a group that is part of the lopezobradorista movement in Mexico. I analyze three utopias mediated by this group and find that indeed the Colectivo is mobilizing against Morena's pragmatism. This result adds to previous literature, which, given contemporary governmental experiences, questions the ability of the Latin American institutional left to overcome conservative hegemony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes a look at the multiple decisions in which the Constitutional Court of Colombia analyzes the precautionary principle, describing its content and scope, as well as the obligations placed on public authorities and individuals through it. In particular, it examines the influence that this principle has had on the control of national policy on the eradication of illicit crops and how the Court's position on this matter is not only in accordance with the domestic legal order, but also to international standards in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document strives to analyze the new approaches to regulatory supervision (innovation facilitators) that are being developed worldwide because of the fintech phenomenon, evaluating whether they would be beneficial for Perú, especially in relation to financial inclusion. For this reason, we have proceeded to a review of initiatives to promote fintech innovation worldwide, studying their characteristics. This analysis has a teleological nature of reviewing administrative supervision policies, grouping them into three large taxonomies: innovation centers, sandbox and others, such as innovation accelerators, studying in greater detail the sandboxes due to their relevance and potential impact. Specifically, the article explains the concept of sandbox, including the objectives for which they are designed, their main benefits and risks. Afterwards, the paper specifies the phases that these projects usually go through and their timelines. Two particular cases of sandbox are also described, the Mexican, which requires a «new model» license; and the Israeli, focused on data. Subsequently, the potential benefits and challenges of applying this type of public policy in Peru are evaluated. Finally, a model is proposed for the country, aligned with the financial inclusion strategy, which allows the open participation of all types of entities, including those called fintech, for the greater benefit of society and the markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper narrates experiences of an university extension project carried out during 2019 and aimed at building knowledge about the use of public statistics on the social issue, together with social organizations and political groups in the City of La Plata. The objective of the project was focused on visibilizing the state agencies producing statistical information, providing tools to interpret the information disseminated by these organizations, and analyzing the situation of the labor market, poverty and income distribution in Greater La Plata in recent years, together with the organizations and groups participating in the project. The experience had a special meaning as it brought together university teachers, state agents, social organizations and political groups within the framework of a university extension project, while also mooting a discussion on the social effects of the main socioeconomic policies implemented by the government of Cambiemos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Social Economy (SE) is called to play an important role in the local development of the territories where it is implemented. In this sense, there are numerous links between the two, which makes it interesting to promote the SE from the different local/territorial public administrations. In this research article, we delve into this existing reality, which already has a variety of experiences. To this end, the first section of the paper reflects on the relationship between local development and the SSE. We will also delve into the various public policies of local entities for the promotion of the Social Economy, among which we will highlight the so-called "second generation" public policies, since they offer the possibility of fertilizing SSE experiences, while providing a satisfactory response to the challenges posed by territorial development. In the second section of the article, based on the models proposed in the Theoretical Framework, an analysis of 16 locally-driven SE experiences in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country is presented, exploring their facilitating and limiting factors, with the aim of finding the keys for replicating them in other territories and thus drawing conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research focuses on the analysis of the housing public policy trajectory in Spain from 1956 to 2020, emphasizing the social and residential emergency over sixty years aiming to show up the current conjuncture and future challenges in the post-pandemic scenario. According to that, it has been developed an exhaustive search in statistics and bibliographical legal databases. The paper deeps on the public housing policy through the different frameworks of actions over sixty years, their comparison to the European context, and the introduction of the geography of housing emergency aggravated by the impact of the COVID-19 crisis. From the mentioned analysis, it is suggested the necessity to impulse, regarding the several Recovery Post-COVID-19 Plans, ambitious public housing and rental plans in Spain, as a way to contribute to repair during the next decade the lack of public housing policies aligned with the surrounding European states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has caused various changes in the public and private context, raising moral, legal, political and social challenges for the daily life of the society around the world. This paper offers some reflections on the ethics and care for life, in a time when sudden changes were associated with the challenge of survival viability and the importance of relational care in the context of the pandemic. In view of the mandate for social isolation and distancing, protection strategies were sought for a social continuum. In this context, the care framework was built around the notion of salutogenesis and self-preservation, which underlies a value system incorporating knowledge related to health, quality of life and well-being. In a systemic view, through public policies and humanitarian aid, there is the assumption that new principles and values will guide the future experience focusing on the preservation of human life, ethical health care and planetary preservation for the good living of humanity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green infrastructure is being recognized as one of the main strategies for climate emergency mitigation and adaptation in urban contexts. However, there are still very few initiatives in Latin America. This paper explores the Chilean case, in particular the "Stgo+ Green Infrastructure" project, to understand how the climate emergency has been included in green infrastructure planning and the level of priority it has among various types of stakeholders. The research was conducted through a review of planning documents and a participatory methodology, involving institutional, academic, and civil society stakeholders. Chilean urban regulations and territorial planning instruments do not offer much opportunity for the development of green infrastructure systems to face the climate emergency, but there are several indicative instruments that contribute in that sense. On the other hand, there is growing recognition by stakeholders of the importance of green infrastructure, but the climate emergency is an aspect that is still given low priority. The low priority that actors attribute to the climate emergency represents a significant barrier for the incorporation of these issues in public plans and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elderly are part of a society defined by technology acceleration, communication and information. These transformations happen at a rapid pace, making a big impact in the life of senior citizens. Our premise is to consider older people as active subjects in full exercise of their rights, to whom digital inclusion is also a part of social inclusion. The objective of this paper is, on the one hand, to carry out a content analysis of the policies implemented in Argentina regarding digital inclusion, including: level of coverage and survey of possible existing gaps. On the other hand, data from a national survey on access to resources and use of information and communication technologies by the elderly are analyzed. The conclusions show that there are significant gaps in both access to resources and frequency of use. Regarding national public policies on the subject, we observed that the pandemic showed that there was no strategic plan for the achievement of a policy of inclusion of the elderly in the new technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the health and socio-economic policies adopted by six Latin American countries during the SARS-CoV-2's pandemic: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. It proposes the hypothesis that the behavior of the pandemic and the decisions taken depended on the relationship between relevant situational factors - namely, the profile of the government and state elites - and structural elements such as state capacities, sociodemographic characteristics, and human development indexes. This article adopts a comparative analytic strategy and employs a combination of quantitative and qualitative methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]