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Similar to the rest of the Yuman languages, the Kumiai-tipeey language has attracted attention in recent years due to its critical state of displacement. This fact is in a context sustained by an ideology of rescue, from which the speakers of native languages appear as passive subjects who have allowed their linguistic heritage to die, and where the figure of the researcher-data collector is divided from the social dimension. Based on work experience in the Kumiai community of San José de la Zorra, in Baja California, Mexico, this paper discusses the complex relationship that is established between the researcher and the community as both an environment of grievance and an exercise of the linguistic rights, which are crystallized in the creation of the book Kanap Jatpa Jmok (Three stories of a coyote). The material for the said book was possible only thanks to the tireless individual agency of those community members who continue to create spaces for their language, along with the community participation, which has resulted in the book incorporating and embodying their requests and perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the fate and later impact of missionary linguistic works from Alta California, showing that the details of their histories can shed light on the external forces that often shaped the creation, preservation and dissemination of early descriptive works. Documenting the unexpected paths that many of these manuscript works took after they were written provides an understanding of the circumstances under which scholarship was produced and shared within and beyond the mission realm, and how the profound societal changes that characterize the 19th century in California affected the fate of these works. Tracing the influence of these missionary linguistic works also illustrates how they have remained relevant and useful to later studies of indigenous languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research analyzes the nature of the Mexican ethnic economy developing in the cities of Huntington Park and Lynwood, California, in the United States. Using census databases and the results of 145 surveys administered to and 25 interviews with a range of people in 2012, this paper documents the existence of a Transnational Ethnic Economy (TEE), which goes further than the traditional definition of the "ethnic economy" concept" and is organized and develops in such a way that includes individual businesses, businesses with multiple branches, supermarket networks, and a commercial consortium in the study zone, with bonds and relationships that transcend national borders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present the initial results of a study on Maya-Yucatecan migrant women who have settled permanently in Los Angeles, California. The reasons that led them to migrate are addressed as well as the way they came to the United States and joined the work force. Certain aspects that permitted their insertion into Los Angeles society are highlighted, together with identity recovery practices to show that adaptation to the host culture is slow, irregular and incomplete, but enough for them to deploy survival strategies. The paper is based on the assumption that female migration lends this phenomenon specific characteristic that warrant special attention. Accordingly, the analysis of the document is based on an interpretation of the meaning of the actions, for which the content of ten in-depth interviews conducted in Los Angeles in 2012 was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes process of Mexican inmigrants associations in different cities of California. The study is based on data collected from twelve first level associations or “clubes de oriundos". Using qualitative techniques, we document the complexity of the internal organization of these associations, as well as the variety of individual and social efforts to keep them working The research highlights the importance of the role played by the localities of destination in our understanding of the organization process of Mexican immigrants, as well as the possibilities of their collective actions. In this way, we discuss and complement the studies focused on Hometown Associations from the Mexican ;localities of origin. Our findings show that the “clubes de oriundos" are complex associations that impose a high organizational cost on its members, as well as spheres of sociability that members use to satisfy a set of social needs related to their position as immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the problem of the subjectivity of agricultural workers, based on the hypothesis that they regard their living and working conditions as poor. Fieldwork was used to show their knowledge and opinions on their working and living situation in the San Joaquin Valley, California in 2007 and 2008. It was found that agricultural workers' views are based on the subjectivity and reinterpretation of their objective working and living circumstances. It was concluded that agricultural workers say that their conditions are appalling because their labor, social and human rights are not recognized or respected; the U.S. economic, social and political crisis is detrimental to them and the Free Trade Agreement between Mexico, the United States and Canada (NAFTA) could only benefit them through an immigration reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper demonstrates that the academic and cultural links between students UABC Tijuana and California universities is minimal. California being one of the most dynamic regions in the production of knowledge, its great potential and possibilities have not been sufficiently exploited by students of Tijuana. Restrictions on immigration policy, lack of motivation by institutional authorities and teachers of UABC and the weak presence of actions for border regional integration of college students, was negatively associated with this situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a social constructivist approach, this research paper focuses on principals' and superintendents' actions and beliefs to understand how these leaders engaged with the Linked Learning high school reform initiative in California. We found that struggles to implement the reform were due in part to unequal power relationships across the key stakeholders. Power is a central feature of the education reform process both in development and in implementation, yet it has not been given the research consideration it deserves. Our investigation of relationships among educational leaders as they went about adopting, implementing, and sustaining this particular reform draws attention to how differences in leaders' perceptions and use of power can affect reform outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the most relevant results of a study in which opinions of the teachers in the area of Fresno (Central California, USA) about the effects of the integration of mobile devices into the teaching-learning process. Among other objectives, this study has tried to analyze the influence of mobile learning over three very important learning factors: affective-emotional (motivation), ethic-social (social skills) and the cognitive one (cognitive skills). In order to carry out this study, a descriptive methodological approach was adopted, using the survey technique as the most adequate method to collect teachers' opinions in a relatively fast and precise way. Obtained results show a widespread agreement among teachers about the pedagogical potential of mobile devices as a tool to improve learning quality. In general terms, conclusions suggest an improvement in the students' interest on educational tasks, an increase during study activities, a better collaborative work, as well as an improvement of creativity and information acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Almost two hundred years after the term gerrymandering was first used in Massachusetts, redistricting remains a complex and politicized process that affects the way the legislative branches are conformed and the quality of political representation around the world. In this paper, we describe the redistricting process in California and ask how it would work if it were to be implemented by an independent agent (instead of the local legislature or a bipartisan commission). Using a simulated annealing redistricting algorithm we create a hypothetical scenario that reduces significantly partisan bias in the state. Developed by the Mexican Federal Electoral Institute in 2005, this optimization model allowed us to recreate California's 53 Congressional districts and to analyze their racial and electoral composition. We found systematic evidence that the majority party in local legislature ends up with electoral benefits every time districts are drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States has, since its birth been a linguistically and culturally diverse nation, forcing administrators attend minority groups and to respond adequately to their educational needs. Our paper begins with a historical journey that has given us some data on migratory movements in the U.S. and has informed us to the current demographic composition. Among the educational responses that have been given attention to minorities, some have been successful as bilingual educational policies. From a research design that responds to a case study we have analyzed a bilingual school in the county of Los Angeles in California. The school follows the model Two-Way Immersion or Dual Language Immersion. This model is based on the theory of linguistic minorities' integration with the dominant majority and through instruction in two languages to both groups that they become bilingual and develop attitudes of respect for other cultures. The TWI/DLImodel could be useful for some recently started bilingual/multilingual schools of our local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Locke, California is the last rural Chinatown in America that was formed by the early Chinese immigrants in 1915. Locke's value as a historic site commemorating Chinese laborers' contribution to the nation-state has been widely recognized, but its preservation has raised many controversies within and outside the community. The paper shows how the hegemonic discourse of tradition and place could generate contested meanings of heritage and space that solidly grounded on the different ideology and identity discourses. It also provides insights to understand the dynamicity and complex politics of ethnic landscape and heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There exists a movement in the United States that has been gaining strength among residents who rent units in multifamily apartments that seeks to combat being involuntarily exposed to cigarette smoke and residues. Secondhand smoke (smoke from lighted cigarettes) is a carcinogen known to cause over 3,000 lung cancer deaths, and 35,000 heart disease deaths in adult nonsmokers, every year. In the United States it has been linked scientifically to respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, and breathing difficulties, as well as to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and spontaneous abortions. Recent studies have also identified "third hand smoke" (dangerous residues from cigarette smoke that stay on clothing, furniture, railing, walls, curtains, etc. even after second hand smoke has disappeared) as containing substances that also may produce cancer. The movement promotes the creation of voluntary environmental norms that prevent contact with Type A carcinogens in the individual homes, multiple housing units or workplace. This paper presents a health promotion and disease prevention program entitled "Regale Salud" to avoid environmental exposure to cigarette smoke; it also measures the attitudes of renters based on Latino cultural values in creating voluntary policies that prohibit the use of tobacco in common areas, and entire floors or buildings. The ultimate goal of this program is to establish voluntary strategies to prevent environmental exposure to tobacco smoke in residential multiunit buildings were Mexican or Latin American origin families live. This program was designed and evaluated by the Keck School of Medicine, Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research (IPR) at the University of Southern California (USC) and is part of the strategies of the National Latino Tobacco Control Network (NLTCN. The program utilizes the California Smokers Helpline (a quit line to help those ready to quit) and promotes the voluntary implementation and monitoring of environmental tobacco exposure controls especially designed for multiunit housing were children, the elderly and those immune compromised live. We discuss the implications for the Regale Salud program within a "Latino culture of health" and the health care reform environment in the United States today [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the adequate treatment for foot deformities varies depending on the pathology, and because of the high plasticity found in children, it is in this age group where the available conservative treatment resources can be applied. An alternative for the valgus hindfoot treatment is presented in this paper, using the UCBL (University of California Biomechanics Laboratory) thermoshaped orthesis. Objective: to prove the utility of the thermoformed UCBL type orthesis in the treatment of flexible pes valgus in order to avoid fuseverity deformities. Methods: The study included 15 patients (6 female, 9 male, ages between 2 years 6 months and 10 years) with lever-arm dysfunction due to loss of bony rigidity with sub-astragaline joint subluxation (flexible valgus hindfoot), in whom UCBL thermoshaped orthesis was indicated with an average follow up between 12 to 36 months. Foot flexibility was clinically evaluated; also Silverskiold maneuver and static bipedestation x-rays angles were measured. Results: Ten patients showed clinical and radiological improvement, 5 patients showed no changes, although flexibility was maintained. Conclusions: The UCBL orthesis was useful, even in cases were no radiological change was observed, because it avoided structuration of bony deformity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper translates and comments Jigoro Kano's (1860-1938) conference The Contribution of Judo to Education, which the founder of Kodokan Judo gave at the University of Southern California (Los Angeles) in 1932. Through its lecture not only we appreciate Kano's conception on judo, but also some of his personality characteristics revealing the amplitude of his knowledge and a humanistic character based on rationality and cooperation between individuals and countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a discussion on the congress of American Sociological Association in San Francisco, California, in August 2004. To reflect on congresses and exhibitions is a sociological work since, in addition to the information that they provide on the development of the profession of sociologist, they have a symbolic considerable impact. Already before the globalization, several professional North American affiliations turn into the international affiliations of the discipline. What is discussed in the San Francisco congress has so many relevancy for Spain as the Eighth Spanish Congress of Sociology, in September, 2004 in Alicante, Spain. The majority of the specialties coincide. Some papers and debates are similar. The methodological problems are also common in both the congresses. The ideas that they discuss in the world, fortunately, already do not diminish to a geographical national ambience. Almost two hundred specific sessions with written communications have been distributed.