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This paper presents a study of the evolution of children's and young adult books, from its beginning in the 17th century to the present day. The main authors of children's works are reviewed. Lastly, a section is dedicated to Spanish authors and books. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We highlight the contributions of Dr. Paul Schaufelberger, who arrived to Costa Rica in 1929, contracted by the government, to teach geology at the Liceo de Costa Rica, Colegio Superior de Señoritas and Escuela Nacional de Agricultura. He was the director of the department of Geology and Mineralogy of the Centro Nacional de Agricultura located at San Pedro de Montes de Oca in what is now Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio. In his work Schaufelberger contributed scientific and disclosure papers about geology as known in his time. He wrote many papers that served as guidance for the lessons related to the subject of Geology in Costa Rica. He left the country in 1939 hired by the Federación de Cafetaleros de Colombia with the purpose of performing geologic field studies intended for the betterment of the Colombian coffee industry. Schaufelberger died in 1976 in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows a series of self-critical reflections of the reality of Latin American volcanology, from an analysis of its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) held in February 2008 in Antigua, Guatemala. Before the analysis, an account of the efforts made to unite the Latin American volcanological community is presented, up to the formation of an association (the Latin American Association of Volcanology, ALVO according to its Spanish acronym) that will strengthen and promote partnerships between Latin American volcanologists and their institutions for the benefit of society, particularly during eruptive crisis of the numerous active volcanoes in the Latin American region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main contributions made by Nietzsche to the History of Philosophy is his method. Taking form in his practice as a philologist, this method changes its object in the course of the development of Nietzsche's thinking, but it remains essentially one of the most original forms of critical analysis in modernity. This paper intends to show its main features, as the late Nietzsche employs them for the demystifying critique of metaphysics and morals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the research carried out by Eng. Luis Matamoros Sandoval, who in 1902 published in Costa Rica his investigations on seismology in an article entitled "El interior de la corteza terrestre: una nueva teoría sobre el origen de los temblores" (The interior of the Earth's crust: a new theory about the origin of earthquakes). In his work, Matamoros followed the Aristotelic current and mixed it with the hypothesis developed by the Spanish friar Benito Feijoo, who proposed electricity as the physical cause of intense earthquakes perceived over large regions. Matamoros justifies his results by the use of mathematics combined with fundamental physical principles, some which he had great difficulty to explain due in part to the use of criteria and basic concepts that were not supported by the traditional physical knowledge. Despite his conceptual errors, the value of his work resides in the fact that it was the first local formal scientific attempt to explain the origin of earthquakes, a process that even in the great scientific centers of the period was the source of continuous speculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Very few writings have developed a diacritic system to mark proper nouns. Therefore, it is very special that the Latin alphabet has two versions. In the beginning were the uppercase letters. Lower case letters ate the result of the transformations that capital letters went through along the ages. Nevertheless, in Middle Ages writers turned back once and again to capital letters to ornament their handwriting and in order to emphasize a given letter, paragraph or text. Capital letters, considered as signs with general diacritical aims -and not just as mere ornaments or the result of personal choices-, find their roots in late Middle Ages and the early Renaissance. Slowly, they turned into prestigious signs, so nowadays they are use to confer authority and luster to some words. With a worrying frequency, this leads to an abusive use of capital letters. In this paper we revise the most important rules regarding the proper use of these signs in Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]