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Nowadays utilization of obsolete products (UOP) in manufacturing paper, has taken a great interest both in terms of business and research. This phenomenon has been due to environmental awareness is being structured in such companies, and also to advancement in supply chain management. For a correct collection of UOP, It must design a reverse supply chain that is able to properly administer or manage the collection of these products, with a low cost. In supply chain design will have in consideration all components required for paper collection, such as recovery center location, taking necessary information about three paper manufacturing plants and recycling centers located in the middle zone of Valle del Cauca. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a review concerning nondestructive testing by infrared thermography. The study includes articles by well-known researchers from around the world and Latin America. From a literature review, there is currently a growing trend in scientific production in this field. The above confirms its importance and the demand for constant development. The works found were organized into four scope lines: a. state of the art, b. thermal information processing techniques, c. performance metrics, and d. simulation, thermal models, and applications. In addition, the paper presents the traditional and emerging countries supporting the new developments in the nondestructive testing area. Finally, there is a trend towards processing thermal image sequences rather than single images where are reported few developments. The number of methods is increasing, and there is a reduced number of metrics for the quantitative performance evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The supply of growing electricity demand is possible through continuous technological advances and the expansion of national and international electrical systems. This scenario could introduce voltage drops and consequent changes in the reactive power flow throughout the electrical network. In order to control these problems, various strategies have been developed as a solution to improve the transport and distribution of electrical energy. One of them is the Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS), and more specifically the STATic synchronous COMpensator (STATCOM). This paper investigates the influence and effectiveness of STATCOM to mitigate the losses in the transmission lines and its impacts on bus voltage drops. The simulations are performed using the software DIgSILENT PowerFactory and the results showed that STATCOM reduces the power system losses in an interval of 23.86% until 32.86%, and in addition, the STATCOM decreases the annual energy cost by 7.82% in the implemented test case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a cancer of uncontrolled cell growth in the colon. In Colombia, CRC according to "New global cancer data: GLOBOCAN 2018" ranks fifth with an incidence of 5.6% and a mortality of 7.4%, and in the department of Caldas - Colombia it has an incidence of 16%. This paper presents a narrative review of the literature on synthetic routes and nanoencapsulation, based on the most widely used chemical treatments against CRC, based on selected documents using the keywords: nanoencapsulation + colorectal cancer, synthetic pathways + colorectal cancer, drug + chemotherapy + colorectal cancer and using Scopus and Web of Science. Three drugs were selected whose synthetic routes present fewer stages, with better yields and use of commercially available reagents, of low cost and that do not pollute the environment. This is how the synthesis of 5- fluorouracil and oxaliplatin is described, using chemical products and the synthesis of irinotecan from semi-synthetic products derived from a natural product. Reports were found on nanoencapsulation, which allows the production of nanovehicles with better clinical results, such as polymeric noparticlesontaining 5-fluorouracil, solid lipid nanoparticles encapsulating oxaliplatin, and liposomes encapsulating irinotecan. Finally, it has been reported that the polymeric nanoencapsulation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) induces a pronounced reduction in tumor volume; additionally, the use of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with oxaliplatin decreases its cytotoxicity; and, in addition, irinotecan in its liposomal form decreases tumor growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electromyography is a test widely used in the study of the electrical activity of muscles and nerves usually for medical purposes to measure the health of muscles and nerves in patients, however, the similarity of the signals generated in this study with those used in robotics in control systems, has opened the possibility of using them to bio-medical applications. This paper article presents a prototype for the control of a palletiser with one degree of freedom through EMG signals, the prototype was designed by digital electronics and allows the control of the palletiser in real time. The design is modular and consists of the following modules: acquisition and filtering; Processing and digital electronic decision system and, finally, the control-power interface that allows Human-machine interaction in a friendly way. The filtering and processing of EMG signals reduces the experimental noise by allowing a pattern to be established in the power signals. It achieves a robust control system that operates in real time by the effective value of power and in addition, the Human machine interface helps in the interpretation of control variables. Finally, the incorporation of reliable and efficient control systems based on EMG signals and digital electronics, allows exploring a viable alternative for the development of bio-medical and robotics prototypes such as the control of robotic arms in real time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document presents in detail the mathematical formulation of the second renewable energy auction in Colombia, used for the allocation of long-term energy contracts, which was carried out through a double-sided auction, defined in Resolutions 4-0590 and 4-0591 of 2019 from the UPME. The mixed integer linear programming model developed in this paper solves an optimization problem that seeks the combination of offers that maximizes the benefit of the consumer, subject to operational and economic constraints proposed by regulatory mechanisms. The effectiveness of the algorithm developed in Python was tested by validating it with real data, obtaining the same results published by UPME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contemporary methodologies are focused in the students, who, in engineering programs, many times they are unmotivated by the lack of integration of practical content with attractive and experiential methods. In this paper, a design and implementation of a new teaching-learning method are presented. The proposed method here, called Integration practices of knowledge and resource articulation, seek the combination of different knowledge areas with laboratory resources, forming in the student a holistic vision of the electric energy systems. This method is composed of three sections: Prelaboratory, laboratory and poslaboratory, including in each of them, pedagogical moments who the student realize based in different teaching techniques, like active learning, affective teaching and gamification how learning experience. A meaningful and motivating experience is intended, using videos, didactic games, short reads, and activities that in innovative ways motivate students to continue their studies and do more research about the knowledge acquired, emulating the situations that can be found in the productive sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we propose to use the principle of available data derived from the NIPALS (Nonlinear estimation by Iterative Partial Least Square) algorithm to work on the Principal Components Analysis (PCA) in the presence of missing data. This proposal is important since it does not perform data imputation, nor are individuals discarded from the database; the proposed method works with the available pairs to form the quasicorrelation matrices in 𝑹𝒑 and in 𝑹𝒏; the spectral decomposition of these matrices allows through the transition relations to realize a conventional PCA. From the simulation study carried out, it was found that as the percentage of missing data increases, the inertia explained in the first factorial plane decreases. The solution algorithm was developed under the R programming environment and the code is appended for free use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problems related to the configuration of supply chains include quantitative and qualitative variables. Among the quantitative attributes, the most common is the money, and many attributes such as machine utilization, labor power and quality can be translated into monetary terms. Some examples of qualitative variables are people's mood, customer satisfaction, reputation in the community, appearance, aesthetics, etc. Multiple-attribute decision models integrate quantitative and qualitative attributes to produce an aggregate performance measure. This paper proposes a multi-criteria decision model using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for the configuration of supply chains by integrating elements of financial flexibility through the analysis of real options. The model developed considers elements of financial risk based on the consideration of variables such as demand, exchange rates and interest rates, and allows assessing the operational flexibility of the project in the face of changes in said risk elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a review of the techniques and algorithms applied to the processing and analysis of twodimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE) images. With twodimensional gel electrophoresis, it is possible to separate hundreds of proteins in one gel, revealing a distinctive pattern. An adequate analysis of these images is dependent on the protein spots in the image being correctly detected, as mistakes in this phase of the analysis could lead to the detection of false proteins, or to important low abundance proteins being overlooked, which can skew the results of the analysis. Segmentation techniques are used to separate proteins from the background and to find anomalies. The techniques used for 2DGE image segmentation are classified as: edge detection based, morphological, thresholding, and regionbased. Many proteomic studies require the fusion or registration of several images to identify and compare patterns from different samples. For the fusion process, it is possible to use the original image or the segmented image. Despite significant advances in 2DGE image processing, there are no fully automated techniques found in the literature. The commercially available tools for processing and analyzing 2DGE images require the user to set parameters based on expertise, therefore the results of the analysis depend on the correct selection of parameters. In this paper, we review several techniques for processing 2DGE images, with special attention given to segmentation and fusion techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These instructions give you guidelines for preparing papers for IEEE Transactions and Journals. Use this document as a template if you are using Microsoft Word 6.0 or later. Otherwise, use this document as an instruction set. Paper titles should be written in uppercase and lowercase letters, not all uppercase. Avoid writing long formulas with subscripts in the title; short formulas that identify the elements are fine (e.g., "Nd-Fe-B"). Do not write "(Invited)" in the title. Full names of authors are preferred in the author field, but are not required. Put a space between authors' initials. The abstract must be a concise yet comprehensive reflection of what is in your article. In particular, the abstract must be self-contained, without abbreviations, footnotes, or references. It should be a microcosm of the full article. The abstract must be between 150-250 words. Be sure that you adhere to these limits; otherwise, you will need to edit your abstract accordingly. The abstract must be written as one paragraph, and should not contain displayed mathematical equations or tabular material. The abstract should include three or four different keywords or phrases, as this will help readers to find it. It is important to avoid over-repetition of such phrases as this can result in a page being rejected by search engines. Ensure that your abstract reads well and is grammatically correct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research project analyze a situation of vital importance to the making brick industry in Barranquilla since Colombia is in a changing process due to globalization and free-trade agreement (FTA), and using the research lines suggested by the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of Atlántico University; "Efficient and rational use of energy" which deals with everything is related to the rational use of energy and the automation of industrial processes. Therefore, this project "Energy evaluation and technological improvements in the drying process of the making-brick company Barranquilla LTDA" is conducted to determine and check how the power consumption works in the drying process since losses in the production were observed for a while. In this way, this paper develops strategies in order to benefit the appropriate use of energy resources. Helpful changes are proposed as they may be favorable for the company in a medium or long term show. These changes will show a meaningful progress in cost reduction which will entail to improvements in production, energy evaluation and the expansion of technical and economic perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a technological solution to improve a process in the maritime oil terminal, Pozos Colorados. The objective of the solution is the filter cleaning automation of discharge system an oil tanker ship. The purpose of the solution is to improve the conditions of industrial safety and occupational health of workers who perform this function manually, and optimize the process of receiving hydrocarbons by improving operating times. The methodology is basic and detailed engineering, applied to automation engineering, this contemplating the narrative: process, design and evaluation is used to prepare the proposal. The proposal delivers the design of: the hydraulic system, the electrical system and the control system. The solution includes: capturing water from the storage pool and by means of a controlled pressure electric pump, transporting the fluid to the filtering area; and the filters are cleaned using a sprinkler branch located inside the basket. The washing process is manipulated by means of solenoid valves and a variable speed drive, these are governed by a programmable logic controller, this PLC receives information on the variables involved by means of sensors. The modeling, simulation and evaluations of the proposal support the possibility of implementing automation by making some adjustments to the existing infrastructure and adding electrical, mechanical and electronic elements [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provide a preliminary study of a way exploitation energy compressed air converting it in rotational mechanical energy. To comply with this goal, a test bench was assembled with a 0.06 m3 air storage tank, a two piston pneumatic engine, a dynamometer with the electromagnetic breake and dynamic torque sensor to determine engine power, a control system with PLC to monitoring-controling the equipment and Also a data acquisition system to register the process variables. A variable time air injection system was included that was electronically controlled through a Hall sensor and a sync disc that It transformer the piston lineal position in a rotary position. The pneumatic engine was built from a two piston air compressor, the power obtained was 52 W and the rotational torque obtained was 2,5 N.m taking into account that the injection time influenced in the results. The efficiency obtained was between 7-11 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen (N) is the most important nutrient for plant production and therefore it is necessary to fertilize with quantities of it that allow ensuring the proper development of crops. Currently, chemical synthesis fertilizers containing ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-) or urea (CO(NH2)2), are the most commonly used. However, the way in which they are dosed and applied to soils is not suitable, since they are used in high quantities with little efficiency, generating a high environmental impact by causing salinity, toxicity and pollution problems in soils and water, which in turn has effects on ecosystems and health. Recognizing this problem, and taking into account the need to continue generating both products and mechanisms, that allow to guarantee the productivity of agricultural systems and their contribution to the economy and food security of countries in a sustainable way, they have been raised varied solutions in this regard. This paper sought to analyze the effects generated by nitrogen fertilizers in soil and water, as well as the alternatives proposed by several authors that minimize the impact of these compounds on the environment.After conducting a systematic review of various studies on the subject, it it was observed that in the literature of the last 20 years, the use of microorganisms for bioremediation is highlighted, as well as the application of biofertilizers as the most relevant and efficient alternatives to counteract in a sustainable way the contaminating effects with nitrogen fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper treats with two modeling techniques: Nonhomogeneous Continuous-Time Markov Chains (NH-CTMC) and Systems Dynamics (SD). In general, each of these focuses on different types of problems. While the NH-CTMCare used in the modeling of stochastic processes, the SD is focused on modeling a system from functional relationships between its components. However, it is demonstrated that the concepts and tools of the SD can be effectively used in modeling of NH-CTMC by means of the building and simulating an Equivalent Systems Dynamics Model (ESDM) representing the state probabilities over time. The ESDMis based on mathematical equivalence between the two models, which is shown through an example and relevant considerations in its application are summarized. This proposal could be used to study reliability in complex systems using more simple calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition technique (AACVD) consists of a process of atomization of a precursor solution, which generates droplets that travel through a carrier gas to the surface of a substrate, a thin film grows on it depending on variables such as the rate of deposit, temperature of the substrate, drop size and number of layers. In this paper, we present the mechanical, electrical and electronic design criteria taken into account for the implementation of the technique. The prototype is a metal structure that supports a heating plate and a substrate holder where the sample to be coated is located; the plate is controlled with a power microcontroller to keep the substrate temperature constant during the deposit. In addition, a spray system with a 241TM ultrasonic nebulizer and an air heating system was implemented by means of a furnace in function of the MC5438 ramp. The steam injection nozzle is guided by a NEMA 17 controlled motor by Arduino and travels along the substrate allowing the variation of: the deposit speed, number of layers, delay time between layers and distance to travel. Transmittance spectra of thin films of titanium oxide deposited with different deposition parameters are compared. In conclusion, based on the defined design criteria and parameters, the AACVD technique was built and implemented, which has allowed the deposite of homogeneous coatings with different applications depending on the precursor salts and the deposit parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quadratic eigenvalue problem has attracted the interest of many researchers due to its numerous applications in areas such as fluid mechanics, acoustics and engineering, among others. In this paper we present a hybrid algorithm to solve this problem, which combines an algorithm for the calculation of solutions of the matrix quadratic equation with a traditional one for the calculation of eigenvalues. Twelve application problems were selected, in different areas, to make a comparative analysis of the performance of the proposed algorithm with the traditional Newton method. In conclusion, it was determined that the algorithmic proposal is competitive with Newton's method and more efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The university classroom teaching is a pedagogic construction that considers the subject, his training and his environment interaction. This approach is going to be developed and validated in this paper. The first practical approach to research is an encounter of the researcher with Economic Engineering students, a subject oriented in seven semester of Industrial Engineering at UTP. This encounter allows knowing and understanding some facets that students live in their professional training, which makes the classroom everydayness the propitiated stage to establish the real student´s learning level. This investigation is a descriptive research focused on a methodological structure based in the case study, which resorts to the students' interview as the main instrument for obtaining primary information. The software used to read the data is ATLAS.ti V.8.1, which facilitates the concepts' management in this investigative experience at the same time that favors an interpretation of the learning acquired by students during their academic training process. In the investigation process, a didactic unit is applied and designed to value teachers and students participation in educational practice. From this classroom experience, the author analyzes the pedagogical factors that mediate the teaching-learning process, considering conceptual foundations on the knowledge construction and mathematical modeling (in a narrative form about built experiences centered on interviews), taking diverse authors' ideologies and industrial engineering experiences. This research proposal is arise, developed and implemented by the creation and implementation of the didactic unit, and conceptual foundation use, through an understanding and perception of the individual within its environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase of respiratory diseases in urban areas is related to the increase of atmospheric particulate matter. This paper shows a daily temporal analysis using ARIMA models of the influence of land surface coverage on PM10 concentrations in Bogota city, Colombia. This study was developed from information (years 2007-2012) of six automatic monitoring stations. ARIMA models showed a greater PM10 persistence (2 days) on urban areas with vegetated surface coverage. However, urban areas with vegetated surface coverage showed lower daily PM10 concentrations (-42.7%) in relation to areas of impervious surface coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Spatial ability can be defined as a component of intelligence, linked to the ability to form a mental geometric representation of the world. During schooling, the development of this skill is integrated with the mathematics teaching curriculum, but mathematics generally focuses on the algorithmic process of solving non-spatial mathematical problems, whether in early childhood, formal education or at university. The engineering drawing is based on the ability to manipulate objects and ideas mentally (using spatial skills), to carry out the design process of any product or process. In this paper the first part shows a bibliography revision of the state of the art. In the second part shows the results obtained in the application of different traditional techniques for the spatial skills improvement, identifying the favorable points, which are used as requirements to development of a new software. The final part presents the algorithm designed, the implementation and the impact on a test group is measured. The results obtained show that this new computer tool allows the learning curve and the development of spatial skills to be significantly increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimizing biomass drying to improve combustion processes is one of the main tools available to small and medium agroindustrial producers in rural areas of Colombia to be competitive. For this reason, the development of experimental studies becomes a priority to improve the competitiveness of the rural sector in Colombia. In this way this paper shows the development of the experimental study of drying kinetic of panelera's sugar cane bagasse, as well as its contrast with mathematical models used for the prediction of the drying kinetics. The results obtained can be useful as a reference for the effective design of sugarcane bagasse drying systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In competitive markets, flexibility is a key requirement to compete, group technology allows you to obtain this flexibility at a low cost, because it combines the advantages of mass production with the advantages of production by workshops This paper aims to Create a methodology that integrates the plans of: plant configuration, capacity and production, evaluating multiple criteria to select the grouping alternatives with better results. The methodology has five stages: creation of product families, configuration of plant, capacity and production, estimation of performance measures and process of hierarchical analysis. A consistent methodology is achieved regarding the sensitivity of the AHP evaluation of the performance measures, the individual variations in the criteria of the candidate configurations do not modify the decision found (configuration to be selected). The main conclusion, it is possible to address the problem of cell formation considering an approach in which the problem is broken down into less complex sub-problems and thus include multiple grouping criteria at the time oriented to the environment where the methodology is applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to present the construction of the complex numbers by using the set R × r with some special operations and also to show the representation of this set by using special matrices of Z × Z and the corresponding algebraic version R[x]/(x² + 1. it was also studied the three previous constructions but for the case Zp × Zp, prime and determine whether they remain valid or in its defect, determine under which conditions this is true. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to present a system of process integration, based on contextual information, applying to a case study related to the admission to graduate programs in a public university. It proposes a methodology based on phases, which mainly seek the capture, analysis and grouping of processes from semantic and syntactic matching. The main findings in applying the integration methodology, shows that contextual situations in the process execution domain can affect its performance once some updates are applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the implementation of a network of wireless sensors for the measurement of microclimatic variables in the Relicto Vegetal Cedro Rosado located within the University of Quindío. The network has three sensor nodes that allow the acquisition of data corresponding to the variables: temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, solar radiation, soil moisture, wind speed, wind direction and precipitation. The acquired data is processed and sent to a Gateway using a wireless network with DigiMesh protocol using the 900 MHz free band, the data is received by a Gateway that is connected to a computer for later processing in a technological platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to disclose the results of a field test protocol planned and implemented to evaluate the performance behavior of a 1200 kW engine-generator, originally operated with natural gas, converted to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) from Cusiana oil wells in Colombia. The peculiarity of the liquefied petroleum gas from Cusiana, a byproduct in the drying process of the natural gas, is its high butane content (above 30%). For the assessment of the LPG fuel on the performance of the engine-generator set, it was coupled a resistive load bank, and instrumented for low and high speed data, and emissions. It was designed an experimental procedure that combines starting, steady state, and transient loads. The analysis focuses mainly on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the quality of the energy generated the fuel consumption, and the developed power. In general, the engine-generator has operated normally with Cusiana LPG fuel in the state of enlistment in which it was tested, maintaining satisfactory thermal regimes. It has delivered power in a stable manner under the conditions of load according to the forecasts of its owners, although much lower than the nominal rated power advertised for natural gas. The acceleration, velocity and displacement vibration values do not exceed the limit values given by the ISO 8528-9. The operation of the engine was safe, and at no point of operation detonation was detected for the loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the productivity, selectivity and effect of the pH of natural culture media for the maintenance of Colletotrichum sp., and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were evaluated. The productivity and selectivity were determined by the ecometric method and by measuring the radial growth, the pH effect by spectrophotometry and mycelial growth. The media were not selective and were highly productive for yeast recovery, with best results at 5% concentration in all cases, while for mold the best result was at 10 and 20% concentrations, pH levels did not cause marked alterations in the growth of Colletotrichum sp., And the evaluated yeast. The natural culture media evaluated were not selective, but allowed adequate growth and development for Colletotrichum sp., and Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicating that their nutritional contribution is comparable to that of commercial growing media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Norton model of a personal computer for harmonic analysis is presented in this paper. The parameters of the model are estimated from two experiments, in which the computer is powered by two different voltages. The model is simulated and the current and voltage waveforms are compared with the experimental waves. The results show that Norton model is valid to represent a personal computer because the error index of the current and voltage waveforms and harmonic spectrums is lower than 8.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the optimal location and sizing of distributed generators and capacitor banks in radial distribution networks to minimize the active and reactive power losses. A mixed-integer nonlinear mathematical model is proposed to formulate the problem. This mathematical model is solved through general algebraic modeling system (GAMS) and the CONOPT solver. GAMS implementation is presented with 10 nodes test system classical used in the specialized literature. As test system, the 33 nodes system is used under three simulation scenarios. The first simulating scenario consists only in the location of distributed generators, while the second scenario evaluates only the location of capacitor banks and the third scenario combines both elements. The simulation results obtained show that the integration of both elements improve significantly the operating features of the system by comparison with the first two scenarios analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the socioeconomic characterization of the sugar cane cutters of the Ingenio Risaralda; moreover, the paper illustrates the perceptions of the workers to a transition towards the mechanized cutting of sugar cane and its impact over their livelihoods. Some surveys were used to identify the socioeconomic characteristics and using a number of keywords to identify the perceptions about the technological transition. The results show that cutting mechanized of sugar cane will produce a significant impact on the quality of life not only of La Virginia cutters but also of Caimalito. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the design of a charge regulator operating in an isolated micro grid with photovoltaic generation. The converter selected for this application is a SEPIC with a MPPT algorithm for the cases in which the energy demand is greater than the energy available. The algorithm is able to modify its point of maximum power, in order to perform the recharging and supply of power to the battery bank of the system (isolated microgrid) and a group of charges set at a level of determined of voltage. Finally, the results of the tests carried out are presented and the conclusions are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

in the present paper, a methodology based on stochastic petri nets is proposed to measure the impact caused by the capacity constraints of productive factors on the level of service in mass-produced restaurants. The system under study is identified and a discrete simulation model based on Stochastic Petri Nets is developed, which considers the most representative components and characteristics of the system and the interrelations between them. The test is performed in a restaurant that serves more than 4,500 lunches on day, where the impact of the production and service stages can be identified and the most critical and its effects were characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ohmic heating technology (OH) promises to be an efficient alternative compared to the classic processes of heat transfer. OH is characterized by rapid and uniform heating, which makes it an appropriate technology for the food industry. This paper shows the design and construction of an ohmic heating chamber for methodological purposes, and used for the extraction of essential oils from aromatic plants; the design restrictions are mainly electrical and geometric. The main design constraints are extraction power and volumetric capacity. Two geometries are proposed and analyzed in order to design the heating chamber, only the axial electric field geometry achieves the requirements. Finally, the results of an essential oil extraction experiment are reported, in order to verify the performance of the built chamber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linked Data – LD, allows the construction of the Web of Data, which use basic principles that contribute to the growth of the Web. The process developed by LD faces different scenarios that seem to limit the linking process. This paper exposes the problems of heterogeneity, interoperability and data quality, as factors that restrict the process of data linkage. For this, the methodological design performs a bibliographic exploration; the results examine and discuss the postures about the mentioned problems, and the possible incidence of these in the quality of the linked data. In conclusion, speaking about heterogeneity is intrinsic, since the information will always be heterogeneous. Data models may be different but if the data format is common, interoperability is possible. Data models must be known and public, in order to avoid problems that prevent the development of the Web Data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the development of a graphical interface implemented in a 3-RRR planar parallel manipulator. The graphical interface allows the control, in open loop, of the position of the manipulator, allowing to locate in the plane the end actuator and define its pose. The graphical interface allows the visualization of variables such as angular position, torque, voltage of the servomotors that drive the input links. The theoretical and real comparison of the angular displacement and the torque in the motors during the chosen path is shown, obtaining very close results between both. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the adoption of simple rules of thumb for scheduling surgeries in a health care institution with limited availability of specialized personnel. Discrete events systems simulation is used with the goal of identify the one that is the most appropriate to be used to improve opportunity and operating room theatres utilization. It is also studied the use of dedicated operating blocks, that are used only to allocate most demanded surgeries, and it is demonstrated that this strategy might be able to improve systems performance when combined with an appropriate dispatching rule. Results suggest that this is because, compared to the current situation, the effect of pressures on the negotiation with the outsourced personnel is reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Comisión de Energía y Gas (CREG) published in 2016 the guidelines to calculate the reliability charge for solar plants. The methodology indicates that in order to calculate the base load power for the reliability charge, it is required ten years of information with solar radiation and ambient temperature. In Colombia there is not such information, thus it is required to use strategies to estimate the required information from available data. In this paper Artificial Neutral Networks are used to estimate solar radiation considering ambient temperature, relative humidity and month of the year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the influence of the asymmetry of a population for the selection of sample sizes to ensure compliance of the Central Limit Theorem. A process simulation was performed using the statistical software R 3.1.0 with different types of continuous populations. The goodness of fit tests of normality Shapiro-Wilk, Lilliefors and Anderson-Darling normality to evaluate different sampling distributions were used. Finally the sample sizes that guarantee according to the asymmetry of Theorem compliance is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a LTE Downlink Packet Scheduler, which aims to intelligently allocate radio resources to mobile stations in an access network, supported by an evolutionary algorithm. The proposed scheduler was compared with four reference algorithms, the results show that the scheduler based in differential evolution, allocates the radio resources effectively reaching suitable values of fairness index and throughput. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we make a bifurcation analysis of a mathematical model for a Ćuk converter when it is controlled by center PWM (Pulse Width Modulator) and ZAD (Zero Average Dynamics) strategy. Different nonlinear phenomena like bifurcations and chaos are reported when the parameters associated to the commutation surface are varied. Finally, the existence of chaotic behavior in the system is determined using Lyapunov exponents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comparative study of different techniques of multicriteria decision making for ranking renewable energy technologies to be used in the production of electricity. Three different methods, AHP American School, PROMETHEE European School, and TOPSIS are analyzed. The technologies considered were: Solar Thermal, Solar Photovoltaic, Geothermal, Biomass, Wind, and Hydraulics; while the decision criteria used were: efficiency in percentage, installation cost in dollars per kilowatt, electricity cost in cents per kilowatt hour, CO2 emissions in kilograms per kilowatt-hour, life in years, and used area in square kilometers per kilowatt. The proposed methodology is applied to a case study already discussed in previous research by various authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As well known, each technique of integration is useful for a type or kind of functions and it doesn't exist a technique be able to express the indefinite integral of any function in terms of elementary functions. In this paper we show an alternative technique of integration based on factoring in order to obtain the indefinite integral for a class of functions, which sometimes, may be better tool than the conventional techniques of integration. As an application of this technique we solve a particular class of differential equations like... is the relative growth rate of P with respect. Some examples are solved to illustrate this technique and their results are compared with the results obtained using Wolfram Alpha and TI calculator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The computer security enables organizations to protect their financial resources, information systems, reputation, legal situation, and other tangible and intangible properties. The main objective of this paper is to develop a simulation model to evaluate the optimal level of security that must have the organizations, considering aspects related to the reduction of the risk and the acquisition of business benefits. The technique used for the construction of the model was dynamic systems, which allows analyze the behavior of complex systems in the short, medium and long term. The model was built with the software "POWERSIM", which is an integrated environment for the construction and use of simulation models of business. With the development of the model it concludes that if the organizations do not have a master plan to guide efforts to protect the assets, by a lot of money to invest in security never reach satisfactory levels of safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reutilization allows the flexible software development that can be used by other developments, extending and improving the functionalities. A new paradigm of development called " Software Product in Lines ", a set of systems of software that share characteristics from a common reusable core. This paper proposes the design of the prototype for code generation from the MDA and the implementation of MVC pattern supported by several code generation commercial and GNU tools, that allow the generation of CRUD interfaces for multiple platforms (JSP, ASP, PHP, Ruby, etc.), in WWW environments. The prototype will adjust to a language specification, but it can be extended to other languages specifications due to this high degree of usability and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental problem generated by the poor used oil discard mechanisms at the present time in Colombia has enable the establishment of business focused on the proper collection and disposal of waste in some of Colombia's major cities; however, this mechanisms still do no guarantee that these companies provide full coverage. The city of Pereira has a high number of oil generating agents (such as Lubrication Centers, Service Centers, Repair shops, among others), which requires the creation of a proper oil waste recovery and disposal system in order to benefit the environment and the citizens. This paper presents the creation of a reverse logistics network associated with the proper used oil collection in the city of Pereira. To build the model it was necessary to identify the residue generators points, the distances between each of the nodes and the logistics variable costs evaluating two types of tanker trucks. The situation was modeled as a Capacited Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP), which was solved by implementing the route-first cluster-second principle in vehicle routing, a two phase heuristic. The first phase is solved by using the Savings Algorithm, while the second phase is solved by using the Clustering Algorithm. Further on, both algorithms are programmed in MATLAB, where the solution determines the sub-routes integrating the reverse logistics network with the order in which each vehicle should visit the different used oil generating points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper describes the design and simulation of a two-stage hybrid controller for the inverted reaction wheel pendulum (RWP) is presented. In the first stage, the general pendulum arm modeling is performed through a nonlinear model to determine the stored energy in the plant, and using a strategy known as swing up energy regulation, the data required for the training of an artificial neural network are obtained. In the second stage, via a soft switching system, neuronal control is exchanged by a controller based on the extended linearization of the state variables, whereby the permanence of the pendulum in the region of operation is guaranteed. The control strategy proposed shows excellent performance against external disturbance phenomena and ensures the overall operation of the physical system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper it is proposed to control the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the bioreactor pilot wastewater from the University of Ibague (WWTP) plant control strategy intended to be used is the predictive model based control (MPC). To achieve the first estimating the transfer function of oxygen (KLa) is performed, then the model and the linearization technique is determined and finally the controller is designed. The results are simulated in Matlab and executed in the control system and monitoring of the plant (Labview). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

the dynamics of the environment in which companies faces, generates the need for these to be flexible. Therefore, in this paper will take a place a redesign of a dairy plant using the SLP, CRAFT and QAP methodologies, and thus optimize the flow of material and staff within the plant allowing an increase in production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the process of reconstruction of an ECG signal using Daubechies wavelet transform at different scales, in particular j = 4 j = 6. This signal is decomposed as a direct sum spaces, spaces which we call Wavelets (Wj) and space scale (Vi), the first giving information about the details and the second space allows us to obtain information on the behavior of the signal. The main objective of this analysis is to detect the complex QRT and QT intervals, which are important parts in the electrocardiogram (ECG), and that is where the highest concentration of signal energy. Calculations were performed using the program MATLAB 8.0, which has laboratorios in engineering physics from the University of Pereira. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]