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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a cancer of uncontrolled cell growth in the colon. In Colombia, CRC according to "New global cancer data: GLOBOCAN 2018" ranks fifth with an incidence of 5.6% and a mortality of 7.4%, and in the department of Caldas - Colombia it has an incidence of 16%. This paper presents a narrative review of the literature on synthetic routes and nanoencapsulation, based on the most widely used chemical treatments against CRC, based on selected documents using the keywords: nanoencapsulation + colorectal cancer, synthetic pathways + colorectal cancer, drug + chemotherapy + colorectal cancer and using Scopus and Web of Science. Three drugs were selected whose synthetic routes present fewer stages, with better yields and use of commercially available reagents, of low cost and that do not pollute the environment. This is how the synthesis of 5- fluorouracil and oxaliplatin is described, using chemical products and the synthesis of irinotecan from semi-synthetic products derived from a natural product. Reports were found on nanoencapsulation, which allows the production of nanovehicles with better clinical results, such as polymeric noparticlesontaining 5-fluorouracil, solid lipid nanoparticles encapsulating oxaliplatin, and liposomes encapsulating irinotecan. Finally, it has been reported that the polymeric nanoencapsulation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) induces a pronounced reduction in tumor volume; additionally, the use of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with oxaliplatin decreases its cytotoxicity; and, in addition, irinotecan in its liposomal form decreases tumor growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document presents in detail the mathematical formulation of the second renewable energy auction in Colombia, used for the allocation of long-term energy contracts, which was carried out through a double-sided auction, defined in Resolutions 4-0590 and 4-0591 of 2019 from the UPME. The mixed integer linear programming model developed in this paper solves an optimization problem that seeks the combination of offers that maximizes the benefit of the consumer, subject to operational and economic constraints proposed by regulatory mechanisms. The effectiveness of the algorithm developed in Python was tested by validating it with real data, obtaining the same results published by UPME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase of respiratory diseases in urban areas is related to the increase of atmospheric particulate matter. This paper shows a daily temporal analysis using ARIMA models of the influence of land surface coverage on PM10 concentrations in Bogota city, Colombia. This study was developed from information (years 2007-2012) of six automatic monitoring stations. ARIMA models showed a greater PM10 persistence (2 days) on urban areas with vegetated surface coverage. However, urban areas with vegetated surface coverage showed lower daily PM10 concentrations (-42.7%) in relation to areas of impervious surface coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimizing biomass drying to improve combustion processes is one of the main tools available to small and medium agroindustrial producers in rural areas of Colombia to be competitive. For this reason, the development of experimental studies becomes a priority to improve the competitiveness of the rural sector in Colombia. In this way this paper shows the development of the experimental study of drying kinetic of panelera's sugar cane bagasse, as well as its contrast with mathematical models used for the prediction of the drying kinetics. The results obtained can be useful as a reference for the effective design of sugarcane bagasse drying systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]