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It is urgent to make a change of strategy that successfully faces the energy transition to achieve the 2030 sustainable development goals, the armed conflict in Europe, the high price of energy supply and the high energy dependence at European and national level. In this scenario, the energy community, as a new legal entity, driven by European regulations, can be considered an effective tool to fight against climate change, accelerating the energy transition and guaranteeing a fair and inclusive energy system so necessary in our country. At the national level, the legal framework that regulates energy communities is insufficient. Thus, is it necesary a legal, technical and financial development to promote the constitution of such entities. In this paper, we study their legal nature, proposing, within the framework of Social Economy organisations, the associations and cooperatives as suitable legal formula. They have similar characteristics, provide environmental, social and economic benefits for their members, under principles of voluntary, inclusive and democratic participation; in order to improve the quality of life of citizens; in short, to work on behalf of people and our planet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the importance of Internationalization Policies in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and aims to describe the technical-methodological aspects taken into account in the construction of Strategic Internationalization Plans within the framework of the project called "Development of Internationalization Policies". Internationalization in Higher Education Institutions" (DHIP2) and reflect them in marketing actions to improve services. The institutional international strategy, the structure of the International Relations Offices (ORIs), international mobility, the internationalization of the curriculum, the internationalization of research, synergy with the territorial context and visibility, were the priorities addressed, therefore, the conclusions refer to the continuous improvement of the internationalization process related to these priorities and how they contribute to the quality of the ORIs services. For the elaboration of this paper, a qualitative approach of documentary analysis was taken into account. Horizontal cooperation between HEIs, both from Latin America, Europe, and also from other regions of the world, constitutes an essential tool for the achievement of the Policies that are designed in each HEI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on an understanding of the global immigration control regime as one of legal violence. It analyses the specialist literature that reveals the existence of an economy of deportability, understood as the unequal distribution of the forms of state power in the lives and freedoms of non-nationals, with gender playing a preponderant role. Taking a gender perspective, a selection of texts from the past two decades are reviewed that analyse the deportation and anti-trafficking apparatus in Europe, the United States and South America. The literature corroborates the existence of a gendered economy of deportability that generates social suffering that, in different ways and to differing degrees, shapes the (im)migrant presence in the national order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specialized local production in agrarian societies can be understood in the dynamics of the places where it is developed, based on two concepts: Appellations of Origin and Terroir. These concepts emerge from precision production practices, while being part of rural traditions and heritage of peasants and artisans in Europe and other regions with delimited productive histories and vocations. This paper aims to give an account of different experiences and notions related to these concepts, emphasizing their transformation and resignification processes according to the contexts of production, marketing and consumption where they have been implemented. The methodology reviews documents that discuss the concepts, both in the places where they have originated and in other latitudes where these have been worked in an applied or critical way, thus dealing with a diversity of approaches. The paper proposes a reflection on the inputs that the Terroir and the Appellations provide for the development of opportunities in rural production scenarios, such as those found in emerging regions of Latin America. In addition, it concludes with a review of elements ranging from the physical, organic and bioclimatic conditions of these vocations, to the sensitive, territorial, cultural and popular elements that also shape them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent electoral successes of right-wing and far-right actors in different parts of the world have prompted discussion on various topics: the causes of their rise, their characteristics and strategies, the motivations of electorates and the depth of the right-wing shifts in a range of societies. This paper proposes key themes for systematising this debate and some clues to understanding the rise of the right in such diverse and heterogeneous national realities. It also suggests recovering a constructivist conceptualisation of "authoritarian traditions" in order to analyse the mobilisation strategies, behaviour and coordination of right-wing groups from a perspective that highlights their dynamic and innovative nature. This approach allows us to (re)think authoritarianism as the result of symbolic practices and discourses that are assembled, (re)invented and updated to serve various purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses binding judicial precedent. The semistructured interview was used as a methodology for execution and a total of thirty-two academics, from ten countries in Latin America and Europe, participated of it. The results are structured around the arguments for and against precedent as a theoretical position; to narrate how vertex courts and inferior courts behave on precedents; and finally, to know the roadblocks that prevent following precedent correctly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper an analysis is made of one of the essays, "Of Cannibals", written by Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592) in the Renaissance period. The document's purpose is to describe, through reflective analysis, the contributions that this author gives to the so-called cultural relativism from the historical context of the 16th century. Given the time, the essay is considered "avant-garde" given the approach and reflection made by the author approaching what later in anthropology would be known as cultural relativism at a time when European culture was considered better than the rest of cultures in the world. By comparing the practices that pe- Columbians do, related to cannibalism, with those that Europeans do, the author realizes that "we" should think if our practices are really better than those of "others" -the Amerindians -. However, to this day, Michel de Montaigne's ideas are still present in a world where Human Rights and cultural relativism are debated. Universalism vs. Relativism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For many largest cities in southern Europe, urban tourism, and particularly the touristification of their central urban areas, have emerged as key mitigation strategies to overcome the negative socioeconomic effects derived from the last financial and economic crisis. While an increasing number of authors suggest a clear interaction between tourist gentrification and commercial gentrification, little scholar attention has been paid to the growing interrelation between the economy of nightlife, urban tourism and their complex forms of simultaneous interaction as fundamental driving forces of change in central areas of European cities. This article will expose the different theoretical and methodological challenges that the touristification of nightlife in central urban areas entails for the study of the tourist city. This paper will also argue that the touristification of nightlife emerges as one of the most aggressive forms of material, symbolic and heritage dispossession of local communities in the central historic neighborhoods of many European cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, we present a historiographical analysis of the debates around the type of Judaism that existed in Europe in late antiquity. Secondly, we present some definitions on the approach that we consider appropriate with which to trace the history of late ancient European Jewish communities. The text is structured around the work of Erwin Goodenough, who early on called into question the traditional thesis that posited a rapid expansion of the rabbinic movement, both in Palestine and throughout the diaspora and, furthermore, asserted the persistence of an alternative Judaism – Hellenistic and mystical – right until the end of late antiquity. We also present other more recent interpretations in relation to the life of the Jews in late-ancient Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis of who owns large companies and how they are organised is overdue in the study of Latin American elites, especially at transnational level. It is a limitation that has hampered debates on the emergence of transnational business elites in the region. This paper identifies the owners of the largest companies in Latin America and analyses the networks they form. The results reveal the formation of an interlocking ownership network between a small number of transnational owners, most of whom are financial corporations in the United States and Europe. These findings allow us to discuss regional integration and the dominance of economic models imported from those territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: This text sets out a succinct overview of the sweep of the history of emotions and sentiments, from the decisive steps taken by Peter N. Stearns and Carol Z. Stearns in the 1980s up to some of the essential contributions made to the field by numerous academics from Latin America in subsequent moments. The fundamental goal of this exercise is to provide context for the contributions of the articles included in the current issue of Historia Crítica. Methodology: I will point out the main methods and approaches of numerous papers about the history of emotions and sentiments produced in North America and Europe. At the same time, I will inquire about the attention this field has received in Latin American historiography and present the articles of the dossier. Originality: The text condenses and compares a substantial set of historical viewpoints about emotions and sentiments, the pathways it opens to widening historical explanations and invites exploring them from Latinamerican historiography. Conclusions: The articles collected in this issue suggest the importance of continuing to move forward in the study of the history of emotions and sentiments in Latin America, given the authors of these texts prove that the weight of regimes and the signification of emotional experiences matter in the spectrum of causalities, in the decisions, and the agency of individuals and groups, in the formation of political loyalties, in power contests, in revolutions, and wars, in the representations of order and the manners in which to subvert it, but also in the elucidation of the deepest creases of the lives, feelings, and words of the societies of the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From ancient times, female models were constructed that classified women as "good" and "bad", considering how well they fit on the values socially legitimated. During the fifteenth century, debates about the role of women in society --querelles des femmes-- took place in Europe. There different authors took a position as "defenders" or "attackers". However, the proposed division in those debates, through which defense discourses for women were obtained, results to be apparent and responds better to a rhetoric necessity. The creation of legitimate defense is impossible due to the ideological presuppositions from which those discourses were developed. From this hypothesis, the paper proposes the analysis of some of these "female defenses" in Spain, both those constructed with rhetoric proposes (Triunfo de las donas) and those developed in the sentimental fiction of the fifteenth century (Grimalte y Gradissa and Grisel y Mirabella). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents provides an initial assessment of the benefits that can be obtained by applying thinking routines (Project Zero, Harvard University) in contexts of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), an approach to bilingual education that is now commonplace in Europe and that is gaining ground in other continents. The first part of the study provides a discussion of the theoretical compatibility of visible thinking -the larger conceptual framework which supports the routines- and CLIL, which has the student's cognitive engagement as one of its central methodological principles. In turn, the second part presents the result of a systematic application of the 7 introductory or core routines with preservice teacher trainees in Madrid (Spain) studying a university CLIL program, as well as some experiences of these routines with Elementary education students in three schools of the region. All these experiences attest to the significant benefits of using thinking routines in bilingual instruction, especially in what regards a greater student involvement than alternative practices, on the one hand, and the ability to provide extensive oral practice in question forming. However, a number of their limitations is also discussed, specifically in relation to their cognitive quality as well as their ability to generate situations of authentic communication in L2. Based on these preliminary findings, specific questions for future studies are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of rural space has been changing considerably in Europe since the mid-twentieth century. Due to that the integration of the rural in the global society has been neither simple nor homogeneous, which leads us to suggest that in each territory, rurality has been built from some heterogeneous territorial, cultural and productive bases. Therefore, there is no single rurality, in other words each territory has specific features that should be considered in social analyses. The aim of this paper is to establish a delimitation of the rural area in the province of Malaga using the factorial analysis technique. This analysis has been complemented by a cluster analysis and a non-systematic direct classification, which have both been compared. The final result has been to develop typologies based on the level of productive transformation and the dynamism of the municipalities of Malaga with less than 20000 inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the technological advance in electricity generation techniques and the prevailing need for sustainable development of countries, the massive use of alternative energies has been in force for the last 15 years, with clear goals towards 2020 for sustainable development. At the regulatory level, Colombia cannot be left behind in the regulation, and progress has already been made on the subject with law 1715 of 2014 and several decrees of incentives in the promotion of renewable energies. The objective of this paper is to show the state of the art on the way in which the net balance and residential energy self-consumption by DER is handled by several tax regulations in different countries of Europe; moreover, it will also go into detail about the advantages offered by using a selected methodology to consider fair charges of support for the use of the electrical network by generators distributed from photovoltaic solar energy, all this as a contribution to advances already made in this field. This is provided from a network planning approach, in which a long-term methodology is selected that efficiently integrates the distributed generation into the interconnected system and allows transition periods in its implementation to avoid disruption of network operators (ORs). Likewise, this analysis is supported by the simulated operation of a system with DER together with the changes in load flows due to decongestion and surplus injection that the electric system has in the scenario of massive use of these resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides some contributions (both methodological and empirical) by the photography in a sociological study on the urban art. It deals specifically with the graffiti and the street art. The central objective is to question how pertinent it is to use a photographic record as a tool for gathering information and carrying out a documentary analysis based on a dual action basis: on one hand, to highlight the methodological process in a research where the photograph is pivotal as a visual means, discussing critically on different views of the city. On the other hand, to provide examples on how the photography is relevant in the social universe under research, i.e., among the artists doing graffiti and street art. In these two cases, taking photographs of the works in the public space provides a double game: 1) as a tangible practice of legitimization and gaining prestige within a collective; and, 2) as a material proof for the recognition and appreciation of their artistic track record. The analytical framework includes to record in situ the produced images in different Latin American (Buenos Aires, Lima, Montevideo) and European cities (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Lisbon, Paris, Porto). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The friction that has occurred - and continues to occur - at some of the European Union's internal borders is a reflection of mechanisms for the delegation and transfer of immigration control between member states. This paper addresses these dynamics - defined as "internal externalisation" - through a comparative analysis of the specific management and legal regulation of France's border with Spain and Italy. These two borders are similar in many respects (being two mountain ranges) but are, at the same time, very different (in the geographical intensity of the controls and types of crossings). Comparing them could reveal the border control mechanisms that characterise the subordinate relationships between member states, and which represent true externalisation of the EU's internal borders. Some states are forced to take on the role of containment states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops a relational analysis of populism. After placing the rise of contemporary European populism in the post-Cold War context, the static definition of populism as a "thin-centred" and restrictive ideology is exposed. A definition of populism as a process is used, in contrast with the tendency to apply static definitions. The figure of Pablo Iglesias is in this sense presented as an exemplary case that demonstrates the limitations of the use of these static definitions. The EU is also examined as a body that is spearheading the depoliticising processes that provoke the populist reaction - placing the focus on the "New Intergovernmentalism" to interpret the integration dilemmas - and the populist-technocratic and liberal-democratic dichotomies are addressed as historical endosymbioses. Finally, consideration is given to what should be done about the populist impasse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature maintains that not all populisms are equal. Some are seen as projects of regeneration or democratisation because they would incorporate an excluded people; others are movements that would weaken democracy by promoting exclusion (xenophobia and racism). The former is "left-wing populism" while the latter is "right-wing populism". This paper shows that what is central to populism is its model of democracy, not whether it is situated on the right or the left. To do this, an evaluation is made of the democratic balance of populisms in three countries in Europe (Austria, France and Hungary) and three in Latin America (Bolivia, Ecuador and Venezuela). As will be shown, those of the right have no more contributed to the destruction of democracy than those on the left may be presented as democratising successes; but all represent a profound challenge to liberal democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the extent to which students are able to assess their own learning and that of their peers (peer assessment and self-evaluation) through erubrica, standards and evaluation criteria proposed by the faculty in the configuration, design and development of project evaluation. This type of evaluation and self-assessment presumes in the New European space of Higher Education that students take a more active role in the learning process and the evaluation itself will serve in helping to achieve the knowledge of professional skills. Thus the use of new technologies in self-regulatory assessment processes allows the student to achieve an optimal, effective and quality performance in the proposed content, as much as in the development of them before the group, considering the act of evaluation as a process of improvement and learning through tools such as the erubrica that favor the "overall assessment"; that is, the assumption of all core competencies. This study has been carried out in the academic year 2011-2012, for two semesters with different core subjects (theory and child education policy and towards an inclusive school: patterns and practices) and with identical groups (Group 1, 1st degree of infant A as the experimental group; and Group 2, 1st degree of infant B, as the control group). This paper exposes the results of peer evaluation and self-evaluation through the implementation of projects, where students evaluate their peers and evaluate themselves by comparing the results with the assessment made by the teacher with their groups and each student individually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the differences in both access and use of information and communication technologies (ICT) by elderly women in the Europe of 28. An analysis of secondary sources based on Eurostat data is presented, which allows us to describe and compare the access and use of technologies among elderly women, with special attention to the differences between countries and their geographical location within Europe. The aim is to find out whether there are differences in access and use of ICTs according to age and gender, which could constitute a double vulnerability in the use of these technologies, and thus further increase the digital divide and contribute to greater social exclusion of elderly women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the following paper is to compare the impacts of the financial and economic crisis of 2008 and the following years to the European Union and Latin America. Afiera brief description of the origins and characteristics of the 2008 crisis, the article analyse its effects on the two regions, the implemented politics on both sides and its results. Based on the comparative evaluation of these answers, we deduce some lessons and formulate some recommendations which could contribute to reduce the probability that such crisis repeat in the future or make it at least easier to manage. From a theoretical point of view, we refer o the concepts of neo-realism, new-institutionalism, social-constructivism (norms, values, self-perception, discourse) and, taking on consideration the strong relationship between internal and external factors, "two level game". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic reflection on Islam in Europe began at the start of the 1980s as a phenomenon linked to the settlement of migrant populations. Profound transformations in terms both of the articulation of Muslim identities in Europe and the changes underway in the European national contexts of which the members of these groups form part mean new analytical approaches are required. This paper proposes a reading of the collective religious expressions of Muslims in Europe and the reactive scenarios arising in post-migratory terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Higher Education regulation process in Europe, known as the Bologna Process, has involved many changes, mainly in relation to methodology and assessment. According to some authors, one of the terms that may characterise best this Higher Education framework is "modularization". This concept is linked to the new structure of the university studies which is precisely based on "modules". The paper given below is related to implementation of the new EU study plans into the Teacher Training University College of Vitoria-Gasteiz; it is the first interdisciplinary paper involving teaching staff and related to the Teaching Profession module, the first contained in the structure of the new plans. The coordination of teaching staff is one of the main lines of work in the Bologna Process, which is essential to develop the right skills and maximise the role of students as an active learning component. The use of active, interdisciplinary methodologies has opened up a new dimension in universities, requiring the elimination of the once componential, individual structure, making us look for new areas of exchange that enable students' training to be developed jointly. Among the conclusions it is highlighted the implementation of module which has had its difficulties to be carried out. Moreover, we show the principal valuations made by teaching staff and students about this first interdisciplinary experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper critically assesses the discourse that justifies the latest educational reforms in European and Spanish higher education. It is presented as a techno-scientific discourse that attempts to support one of the most important current practices of subjectivity -the educational one- using a particular definition of psychology that forget the fact of the irreducible plurality of psychological practices and knowledges. This paper aims thus to make a double critical assessment. On the one hand, about the rhetorical use of psycopedagogic knowledge as scientific (indisputable) support for the reforms. On the other hand, about the assumption that there is a well definite discipline (Psychology) which is unified, scientifically established and able to offer that support. The paper consider also the current socio-cultural scenario of globalization and neoliberalism as a context that makes sense, within the ideology of entrepreneurship, such use of Psychology as a scientific guarantor of education reform. Special emphasis is placed on the promotion of subjectivity linked to that ideology, which requires individuals gifted with flexibility, self-monitoring skills and full responsibility for their fate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the results of a research project on relative social mobility patterns in Spain during the second half of the 20th century. The data were collected by the Spanish National Statistics Institute for the Survey of Incomes and Living Conditions (2005). This empirical material has not been used previously and it provides new data about the last decade of the 20th century. The social fluidity models created by Erikson and Goldthorpe in The Constant Flux (1992) have been applied. In short, this paper confirms that the rates of the social fluidity remain invariant during this period and that the patterns of core social fluidity for European countries closely match the Spanish case. Nevertheless, this mobility regime has certain particularities resulting from the characteristics of Spain's social and economic structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the need to promote Educational Guidance for Family Life as a means to support families in developing a Positive Parenting role, as suggested by the Council of Europe (2006). This Recommendation is discussed in some detail and some measures that had been put into practice in Spain to support families under special circumstances are reviewed; in order to do so, Programme-Agreements which had been developed in recent years sponsored by both the central government and the Spanish Autonomous Cities and Communities are described. Moreover, other preventive and community measures focused on socio-educative support for all families through Positive Parenting Programmes are mentioned. This paper ends with some suggestions about actions which require a multidisciplinary, collaborative, network approach among the diverse social entities and institutions working in favour of families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an attempt to present the experience of co-development in Europe and particularly in Spain. It is focus on the governmental initiatives since the end of the 1990's decade, as a consequence of a massive reception of migrants. Co-development is the policy in which this paper is focused, from its former periods in France to the moment in which it has been considered in Spain. In order to show this evolution and its effectiveness I use the Mexican case, because it demonstrates that there is a feasible link between migration and development. However, this it is only possible if the initiatives are coming from the migrants and their communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking into account the context of social and demographic processes related with the second demographic transition and postmodernization of family life in Europe, this paper deals with delayed childbearing in Spain. While delayed childbearing is usually defined as something «problematic» by mass media as much as by scientific literature, we support here a explicit gender approach which provides a very different image. The analysis is based on both, data from National Birth Statistics and a qualitative research. The paper provides threefold results: a) a social profile of women who have delayed childbearing until their late thirties or forties, b) regional diversity in Spain concerning this subject and c) mothers' and fathers' discourses about parenthood and life cycle in the region of Madrid. Delayed childbearing seems clearly linked with high qualification careers although gender discrimination persists given that women are still in charge of children caring tasks. Perception of delayed childbearing is nevertheless very positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has as its goal the measure of the accuracy of the pre-election surveys published in the Spanish media for the 2014 european Parliament, the regionals in the first half of 2015 and the locals in seven of the biggest Spanish cities. Starting with 120 analysed surveys, the aggregated distance model consists of the differences between predictions and actual results by every party and it develops an error coefficient that allows the measure and comparison of those predictions. Results are presented by election, communication group where predictions were published, research company producing them, political party and time distance to election day. Also it is analysed the existing relation between these and some other variables, such as sample size, and the error coefficient as dependent variable with the objective of knowing which are the most decisive factors affecting polls accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article will analyse factors which, since the end of last century, have made interregional relations very important to understand the world geopolitical and economic order. Interregional relations are defined as those which pertain to relations between regions or between a given state and a given region, or within a megaregion. This evolution results from: the growing demand in the emerging economies and the interaction among them, a new framework of interregional economic relations, and the development of new commercial channels. Finally, this paper will introduce the different articled included in this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the dynamics of the reconfiguration of Bolivian migratory fields in the context of the crisis affecting European destination countries. At a global level, we show how the 2008 worldwide economic crisis, and, in particular, its severity in Spain, has reoriented Bolivian migratory flows towards regional Latin American destinations: economies undergoing larger relative growth, such as Brazil and Chile, are newer destinations, while migration to Argentina has a long history. In a more qualitative approach, based on fieldwork interviews with Bolivian migrants in Spain, we explore the key factors that determine migratory strategies: whether to stay, return or re-emigrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social Sciences have often claimed the end of religiosity as an explanatory factor of electoral behaviour in Europe. Nevertheless, left and right parties still insert religious and moral issues in the agenda in order to distance themselves from their opponents. This paper shows a comparative study of 34 European democracies examining the extent to which religious voting has diminished since the eighties. Results point to a sharp decline in the levels of religious vote until the nineties, with a revitalization since then in some of the countries of the sample. The analysis also highlights the important role played by the political elite on the activation of religious vote. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of European Higher Education Area (EHEA) has marked a turning point in the professional development of university teachers. The reflections raised in this paper tackled as much the positive and negative aspects arising in these two years, as the problems arisen when considered bureaucratic models commons to all the European Union to approach the learning and teaching process in a flexible and interpretative way, or initiation of the teachers in knowledge about the Didactics. These issues have meant a change in the professional work of teachers. This study approaches achievements and improvement options, focusing above all, on how to develop the teaching and learning processes, on the definition of the concepts of "information" and "knowledge", on how to develop metacognitive abilities in students or on how to guide the Bologna Process towards the new needs arising from a society in crisis. The main purpose is to evaluate the relevance of leading the University toward the knowledge society from Civic Humanism's perspective, understood as the most appropriate resource to tackle and redirect the models proposed by neoliberalism. The reflections of the authors try to provide a forum for reflection and discussion on the work that is currently doing: if the procedures are adequate and if they are managed based on skills; if the current conditions suggest us to change objectives and processes to develop the European Higher Education Area and, most significantly, harmonize the models proposed with pretended objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I am exploring the criticism of the University-Academy contained in the books of sociologists Pierre Bourdieu and Jean Claude Passeron, and I analyze the also critical approaches to the University-Corporation in the work of Stanley Aronowitz and other academic researchers of the so called "academic capitalism". I place these criticisms in relation to professional and student movements of the 70. I use them by the questioning of the ongoing transformation of the European University, known as Bologna Process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper brings a reflection, from a pedagogical point of view, about the changes in the European educational area according to the Bologna Process. Regarding the discursive elements as well as the methodological proposals derived from the educational change, an analysis of the transformation of the educational model in the university is presented. This analysis also includes the educational changes produced in the teaching activity, the relationship between teachers and students, in addition to the impact that those changes have produced in the dynamic or the work load in the classroom. From a critical point about the discourse, the text is organized regarding to what the new languages are improving, hiding or discrediting to establish how to rethink the teaching and learning question in the new educational frame in Higher Education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific Internationalism played a determinant role in the beginning of the European contemporary documental movement. In this paper there are studied the theoretical, social and technical elements of the same one that contributed to the emergence of a nascent documentary science. After First World War, scientific in-ternationalism lost his raison d'être, but some of his components continued having a very relevant weight in the evolution of scientific documentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In late 2004, the Conference for EU-Related Affairs (CARUE) approved two agreements governing the participation of the autonomous communities in the Council of the European Union and its preparatory bodies. After more than seven years of implementation, the system is not bringing the expected results. The problems identified in practice in a context, moreover, of institutional and economic crisis, call for new approaches. The following paper analyses the main obstacles that have arisen since the implementation of the 2004 agreements with a view to determining future prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, there is an important consensus regarding the fact that regions have lost their attraction in terms of European studies. This leads us to the following paradox: while the metaphor "Europe of the Regions" that had such great resonance in the 1990s has become discredited, the degree of regional commitment with the EU has been constantly rising. Nowadays, the EU is enmeshed in a crisis that is not only of an economic and financial nature, but also a crisis of democracy. In this context, it seems appropriate to 'recover' this study on the role of regions in the European system of governance. This paper alms, on the one hand, to review the evolution of the role of regions in the European system of governance, and on the other, to explore the way in which this role has been dealt with in the European integration literature. Its ultimate goal is to understand what the future prospects are for regions within the integration process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deregulation process of the European power sector generated strategic moves by the power companies leading to a complete reordering of the European electric market that brought out an upsurge of mergers and acquisitions. This paper researches how the following wave of mergers and acquisitions that took place in the 2000 impacted the market value for the acquiring and selling companies that took part of it. With this objective and making use of the event study methodology, and OLS, GARCH, and SURE econometric techniques, we found that mergers and acquisitions did have a positive statistically and significant effect on the average market price in public stock exchanges for the companies that were target which is consistent with previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When called upon to deliver judgment, citizens must believe that government is capable of affecting economic outcomes. Economic integration arguably reduces the power of governments to act independently in response to macroeconomic shocks. This paper seeks to determine whether institutional changes implemented by 12 European countries in the wake of monetary integration affected economic voting, and whether such changes were mediated by party messages. It employs statistical analyses across 12 European countries at two points in time. The results show that differences in economic voting were mediated by perceptions of EU integration; voters who believed in delegation at EU level weighed up economic issues to a lesser extent when casting their vote. In addition, such findings were to a large extent driven by partisan concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we introduce a system of composite indicators designed to analyze the digital gender divide. This tool, called Gender & ICT Indicators System (GICTIS), is an advance in the measurement and analysis of the difference between men and women in the Information Society. Its application allows us to a) make inter-gender comparisons, determined by their degree of e-equity; b) carry out intra-gender analysis according to the degree of e-inclusion of each sex; and c) contextualize the results obtained with the corresponding thirty-one European countries. Furthermore, this transnational analytical perspective is specified in the ranking of countries that are used to establish five classification categories according to the level of ICT use, combined with the degree of existing gender equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Practicum (post-graduate teacher education) is an area critical to the formation of a student to finish college. In the new framework of European Higher Education Area (EHEA), classroom practices have become even more important for the development of the skills required for a particular professional profile. In this paper we present the organization and monitoring of the Practicum as part of a virtual university. From a constructivist and socio-cultural teaching, learning and assessment, the proposal presents a model of practicum of the degree of 2 nd cycle of psychopedagogy, which combines mentoring and monitoring the work of students in the training center work simultaneously with a reflection on practice which takes place in the classroom of the virtual campus. The results are analyzed from the satisfaction questionnaire administered to students at the end of each semester, which assesses four areas: overall satisfaction, teaching activities, resources and assessment of learning. The application of this methodology has many benefits for students training as skill acquisition warrants intervention own psychology in context together with reflection on the contexts, purposes and objectives of the psychopedagogy intervention. The implications, advantages and disadvantages of this model of practicum are discussed taking into account the guidelines of the European Higher Education Area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some processes of integration include a parliamentary body in their institutional structures. This paper combines basic premises of neofunctionalism and intergovernmentalism to address the origin and further evolution of regional parliaments, including the necessary precautions when applying European approaches of integration to other regions. With these postulates in mind, we outline an explanation of the way in which two regional parliaments, the European Parliament and the Mercosur Parliament, emerged and developed. The combination of approaches allows us to affirm that States are important and powerful actors, but the role of regional institutions and transnational actors cannot be ignored. However, comparative analysis shows that while in Europe the dynamics of the process of integration has feedback mechanisms beyond the control of States, in the Mercosur the influence of national Governments is overwhelming and prevents any "self-reinforcing" dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Europe has extraordinary and distinguished psychologists who have promoted education as an essential aspect of psychology since its inception. Although there has always been a need and justification to further develop the figure of the educational psychologist, it in fact developed in a particular way in each country and in a way adapted to their own needs. This has caused the development of psychology to be uneven in each country. The current situation means that the central issues facing psychologists, such as is their identity, training, and professional roles, still vary widely between European countries. Integration is therefore required to find agreement on the redefinition of the roles, training, professionalization and specialization in all countries of the European Union. This paper analyzes the initial and current situation of educational psychologists in several European countries and suggests some of the remaining tasks and initiatives that would affect a common framework for the educational psychologist in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Media groups' independence and autonomy levels, in particular their journalistic task, are tightly connected with several factors, of which the type of corporate ownership and the freedom or pressure under which corporate governance makes decisions are most relevant. Scholarly research has traditionally considered those factors in relation to the dependencies and links established between corporate media and larger advertisers. However, financialization adds up a new dimension to the study -since it stresses the subordination of professional logics and democratic responsibilities to the financial logics dominating media groups listed in stock exchanges. This paper discusses some data gathered at the beginning of 2009 regarding ownership structure and composition of the boards of directors of the largest European media groups. The aim of this work is to identify the economic agents linked to both, ownership and boards of directors, of the main European commercial news producers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Quantitative Methods for the Economy and the Company" was a class traditionally taught through conventional lectures leading to a feared final exam as the sole form of evaluation. In order to make that methodology more attuned to the European Higher Education Area, we have decided to incorporate a more practical approach to promote student-centred learning as well as a new system of lifelong evaluation. This paper presents the analysis of students' opinion about the new methodology and training materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we study a corpus of parliamentary discourses on university issues throughout three different parliaments from a Discourse Analysis semiolinguistic and compared approach. The specific subjects we focus on are the LOU (Universities Act), regional laws on universities, the adaptation to the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) and the actions of quality rating agencies. As well as defining the main traits of this parliamentary sub-genre, we identify linguistic forms and strategies most frequently used by members of the three parliaments. We find that most MPs are not especially interested in current University issues, of which their knowledge is scant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, local and European education policies concerning bilingualism are reviewed. A number of concepts are used regarding the learning of a second language as educational method. Then, neuro-psychological processes underlying bilingualism are reviewed. Finally, their implications for learning a second language are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is twofold: first, to examine the relationships between antecedents and consequences of bridge employment activity; second~ to analyze the mediator role both of quality and quantity of bridge employment activities in the relationship between antecedents and consequences. First wave panel data from the SHARE (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe) were obtained from 1190 men and women in Europe, using structured interviews and questionnaires. Structural equation modeling analyses, including the sample without missing values (N= 650), showed that both quantity and quality of bridge employment participation are predictors of job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and quality of life in retirement. These results validate and expand the previous research on bridge employment activities and partial retirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]