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Mathematical Model of a Series-Parallel (SP) photovoltaic (PV) generator represents each module through an equivalent electrical circuit denominated single diode model, this model has associated a nonlinear equation system that describes the electrical behavior of SP generator. This paper presents a solution of this system using optimization methods widely using: Trust Region Dogleg and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) for solving the electrical model of PV generator operating under homogeneous or non-homogeneous conditions, changing the number of submodules and shading pattern. It has been made simulations about generators composed by 3 and 15 series submodules, operating under different partial shading conditions. Between the implemented methods, Trust Region Dogleg show a better performance than other methods, with 2 and 14 times less computation time than the reference method and PSO, respectively, and a RMSE equal or 50% lower than PSO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a multivariate UPD estimator, family member [A,U,T] with parameters p and s, which allows to calculate simultaneously parameters of Weibull K and C at a point Pe from the measured values of these variables in several sampling points. During the 3D estimation, the spatial relationship between the data and the associated values of elevation and roughness of the terrain is taken into account; with the estimated results, a model of wind energy resources is developed, given by a 3D mesh where to each node is associated the values of K and C. Finally, a method of combinatory optimization is described to find the values of p and s such that the mesh model is feasible and optimal for the given data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the classical water-supply looped-network optimization problem is mathematically nonconvex and multimodal, the resulting solution of most approaches is uncertain in the sense of how close it is to the "best" solution. In many cases, this "best"' or "global" solution is invoked and pursued without a clear understanding of its meaning. This paper discusses what is involved in "global" solutions and the role that pipe flow distribution can play to deal with nonconvexity and multimodality in a new context. The author has introduced this new context recently after formulating a new objective function capable of finding that a looped network can be economically more attractive than its related branched one. Therefore, the convenience of an approach dealing with flows and heads, as relevant decision variables, is encouraged in this paper and its advantages enumerated under the new concepts. The entropy approach is studied critically and an example is provided for comparison with the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a methodology for optimal relocation of transformers in distribution systems. The problem is formulated as an optimization model of multiobjective non-linear integer type, which considers investment and operating costs, and the benefit of the concept of assets to be recognized by usage charges as stipulated in Resolution CREG 097 of 2008. The model is solved using the multiobjective optimization algorithm NSGA II. To check the validity of the methodology, a real distribution system belonging to an electric utility in Colombia is used, which takes into account both single and three phase distribution transformers. The results compared with respect to the case without considering the relocation of distribution transformers, reflect the importance of this methodology and its benefits to the distribution companies, and serves as a support tool for compliance with the standards set by regulatory bodies that define the appropriate chargeability of distribution transformers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we propose the formulation of a model for urban double travel distribution delimited at origin and destination, based on the maximization of entropy and minimization of the generalized travel costs by relaxing the condition that such costs are a parameter, extending the formulation under the assumption that they are fuzzy variables with an intervalar function. In addition, given such assumptions, we propose a formulation of an optimization model associated with discrete choices, and we present a proposal for using the model in predictions. A numerical example is developed for explaining the theory developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we face a problem that considers the selection of several bus stops from many potential ones and the respective design of optimal routes for the bus transportation of personnel from the surroundings of their houses to the place in which they work. We propose an integer programming model for the mathematical formulation of the resulting location-routing problem. The proposed location-routing model is suitable to solve little and medium size instances of the problem. However, to face large size instances of the problem an alternative strategy is needed. For that purposes, we propose a hierarchical scheme by solving a set covering location model for the bus stops selection, followed of another one for the design of routes based on the previous bus stops selected. To solve the vehicle routing problem we also incorporate the heuristic of Holmes and Parker for the resolution of larger instances of the problem. The alternative strategy does not provide the global solution to the problem but it is easy to apply and essential to face larger instances of the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied the permutation flowshop with sequence dependent setup times and makespan minimization. An ant colony algorithm which turns the original problem into an asymmetric TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) structure is presented, and applied to problems proposed in the literature and is compared with an adaptation of the NEH heuristic. Subsequently a neighborhood search was applied to the solution obtained by the ACO algorithm and the NEH heuristic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel algorithm to reconfigure an electric power distribution network (EPDN) minimizing its non-supplied energy (NSE). The EPDN is modeled using graph theory and the NSE is recursively formulated in terms of the reliability parameters of the EPDN. Based on this mathematical model, we transform the original optimization problem into the graph theory problem of finding the minimum spanning tree (MST) of a given graph, which models the EPDN. The distance metric employed by the searching algorithm is the NSE. In order to efficiently find the MST, Prim's algorithm is employed due to is greedy search behavior. In addition, a backtracking algorithm is used to check the MST obtained. The backtracking algorithm analyzes all the candidate topologies that were randomly discarded during the decision process. The performance of the optimization algorithm is evaluated by using testing systems and two actual EPDNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we compare, from a theoretical and a practical viewpoint, two settings of a certain tax-programming problem and the algorithms proposed for solving it. This problem may be modeled as a parametric quadratic-programming problem having lower and upper bounds on the variables. The objective function is a quadratic function whose Hessian matrix is diagonal and positive. A term is added that penalizes not to achieving a certain goal. This penalization can be formulated either as an absolute or as a quadratic deviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the Strategy of Experimental Optimization (SEO) through a Scheme Generalized of Learning (SGL) that facilitates the understanding of the necessary steps in order to arrive at a point of maximum or minimum answer depending on the particular situation being studied. Important considerations that should be kept in mind in each phase of the SEO are exposed in relation to the taking of decisions as well as avoiding frequent mistakes on carrying out experimental design. As an illustrative example, a basic extraction stage of sodium alginate obtention process is presented, emphasizing in the interpretation of mathematical models and response surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]