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The article analyzes the transformation of administration unilateral decisions, based on the incidence of participation principle in the formation process of administrative decisions, in order to contribute to the understanding of an adaptable administrative act theory in the colombian legal system. Methodological recourse, is based on the dogmatic revision of Administrative Law, and the contributions of the special part of Administrative Law as a way for the reconstruction to general theory. thus, the study of the special administrative procedure for the granting of environmental licenses in Colombia is proposed as a 'reference sector', that allows according to the findings, the analysis of the administrative act elements and the dogmatic consequences regarding its validity, beyond the vice for irregular issuance due to affectation of its formal element. It generates the possibility of proposing the configuration of other vices related to the competency, objective or finalistic elements, when the administrative acts are issued without the standards of participation from environmental justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China, la nación con mayor emisión de gases de efecto invernadero, camina rápidamente en dirección a un liderazgo ambiental global. Este artículo busca establecer la situación ambiental del país y algunas de las medidas que pretenden combatir la degradación ambiental y la intensificación del cambio climático. La adopción de políticas nacionales y el cumplimiento de las metas establecidas internamente convierten a China en uno de los principales países efectivamente comprometidos en la lucha a favor del ambiente, aun cuando deba intensificar la implementación de leyes ambientales, modificar su matriz energética y reducir sus emisiones. El ideal de una civilización ecológica y de una sociedad armónica es un elemento capaz de dirigir la toma de decisiones, iluminando el camino a ser recorrido hasta alcanzar el equilibrio entre el hombre y la naturaleza. Rápidamente China se ha posicionado como líder en la esfera internacional, influenciando la dirección de las políticas climáticas, expandiendo su dominio económico y tecnológico, a partir del uso del llamado soft power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of an empirical study that systematized environmental judicial opinions handed down by Colombia's highest administrative Court --Consejo de Estado-- over a 17-year period (1998-2015). Thanks to a research grant, the authors and a team of coders systematized, using state-of-the art content analysis methodologies, more than 250 opinions handed down by Colombia's highest administrative Court. The results presented in this paper show the most important trends of collective environmental litigation in Colombia: types of plaintiffs and defendants; type of environmental resources involved in the case; plaintiffs' success rates; most litigious regions and cities; overall effects of economic incentives on the type of litigation, among several other subjects. This paper concludes that collective environmental litigation has been instrumental to protect environmental resources in Colombia, one the most biodiverse countries in the world. Finally, the paper concludes that the elimination in 2011 of the economic incentive in favor of litigants did not favor public interest litigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decentralization of environmental management implies the transfer of power and responsibilities at the local level. Although there are bibliographic reviews dealing with decentralization and the environment, there is a gap in the specific case of Latin America. Through the Systematic Quantitative Literature Review technique, we observed that the literature patterns reveal territorial and thematic imbalances in the analysis. Said results correspond to a majority of studies that have focused on Bolivia and Brazil. These approaches, their focus on decentralization of forest management and their dissimilar result-which are within the domain of Anglo-Saxon academics-depended, in turn, on the country being reviewed and the disciplinary approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two complementary studies, in which experts, technicians and citizens are consulted regarding communication campaigns and environmental management conducted by the City Council of Madrid. A mixed method is developed (qualitative and quantitative techniques) with interviews, educational campaigns and review of citizens' complaints to the municipality (N = 932). The results highlight some problems within local management and communication that maintain environmental conflicts. The conclusions seek to increase the value of environmental education and their different strategies, consistent in complementarity with other mechanisms inherent to public administration (management, legislation, investment). Some proposals are delivered to improve the management of resources and increase efficiency by the development of educational campaigns and communication with the citizens of this government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the recurring environmental conflict associated with the products derived from logging. It takes as reference the confrontations for the monopoly of the cinchonas in western Santander and southern Bolivar, specifically from the perspective of the struggle between the federal and state political elites that took sides in the conflict for extraction starred by foreign executives allied to each of these sides during a time of transition between political regimes. This irregular war from 1878-1882 prevented each opponent to have full control of empty lands and the compliance of their contracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article begins with an examination of the economic instruments that, according to the doctrine, should be part of climate policies, some of which have been created in Chile, such as the green tax and others in the process of being studied, such as the emissions markets. It addresses the legal foundations of these tools in climate contexts and reviews the climate architecture to characterize it briefly based on the main adaptation and mitigation measures that are part of this environment. It examines the most well-known emissions market, the European (European Union Emissions Trading System, EU ETS); to concentrate on this mechanism in order to consider the main challenges that Chile faces in order to implement them and make recommendations on legal regulation of how it should be incorporated into the Chilean reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyzed the discursive and relational effects of the pilot project 'Reduction of Emissions due to Deforestation and Forest Degradation' (REDD+) in domestic units both entitled and not entitled to land access in the common land Felipe Carrillo Puerto, Quintana Roo. Based on semi-structured surveys and interviews, we identified those mechanisms favoring the adoption of preservation practices by the common land owner-residents while restricting the traditional forest management. These dynamics bring about changes in the subsistence strategies of the domestic units and limit the participation and benefit distribution to women, the youth, and settlers who do not own the land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]