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Introduction: The paper "Moluscos de la Isla del Coco" (Mollusks of Cocos Island) published in the Revista del Colegio Superior de Señoritas (1935) is the translation to Spanish of one of the last works of Paul Biolley Matthey (1862-1908), Swiss naturalist that lived in Costa Rica. This article was one product of a malacological research carried out during a scientific expedition organized by the 'Instituto Físico- Geográfico Nacional de Costa Rica' (IFGN) in 1902 to Cocos Island, at a time when the country claimed its sovereignty both in this territory. Objective: To analyze the contributions of the article "Moluscos de la Isla del Coco" from the Social History of Science approach. Methods: Most of the researches that have applied this approach in Costa Rica analyze processes of institutionalization of scientific disciplines. The methodology used in these works was very useful for the analysis of the Biolley article, together with the information of historical data provided by other texts about Cocos Island and the development of scientific research in Costa Rica from a temporal perspective. In addition, tables were made to synthesize the classification of the species and genera studied by Biolley in Cocos Island to identify their provenance and the habitat in which they lived. Results: This study of Biolley constitutes a text of interest from the point of view of the Social History of Science, due to the descriptions it offers of the physical conditions of the territory of Cocos Island, of the different species of mollusks located in them and to the exchange of information with national and foreign scientists that show the participation of Biolley in scientific networks. Conclusions: The analysis of the information with the Social History of Science approach, concludes that the compilation of the flora and fauna permits a greater knowledge of the natural resources of the explored territories, in order to colonize them and integrate them into the economic dynamics of the Central Valley of Costa Rica. However, attempts colonize Cocos Island failed given the distance between this and the continent, in addition to the topographic conditions that prevent the permanent establishment of human populations and their productive activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1848 Dr. Castro Madriz issued the decree which established the Republic of Costa Rica and its new coinage. An oak tree (Quercus sp.) was engraved on silver coins as a symbol of the strength and hospitality of the new Republic. These coins were minted between 1850 and 1862 (1/4, 1/8 and 1/16 of Peso) and between 1864 and 1875 (50, 25, 10, and 5 cents of Peso). This paper provides information on the significance of the oak tree in the socio-political context of mid XIX century Costa Rica. It also provides estimates of the number of pieces minted of each value for a total of approximately 1.871.000 coins. The quarter Pesos of 1853 and 1855 are scarce while the 50 cents of 1875 are relatively common, and all denominations with little wear are rare. The Q. salicifolia tree is similar to that engraved on the coins. After 1880 an oak branch was engraved in different issues of paper money, mainly as a crown for the head of Liberty. The last bill with this symbol was issued in 1943, with a value of 1 colón. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2018 general elections in Costa Rica showed a discursive confrontation that seemed unlikely. During the second round of the elections, where the presidency was disputed, the "Acción Ciudadana" Party (pac) led by Carlos Alvarado and the "Restauración Nacional" (rn) party led by Fabricio Alvarado showed a dialectical discursivity. On the one hand, the social democratic tradition is expected. However, on the other hand, and worryingly, there is a restoration of conservative and religious fundamentalism. From this discursive duality, these messages are comparatively analyzed starting from contrasting assumed and assigned symbols from the discursive strategies of the two political parties in electoral conflict. The central interest of this paper is to show the thrust of the religious allegorical discourse that permeated the presidential campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the emergence of smes in Costa Rica from an economic-historical perspective, during the years of 1950-2018. This periodization corresponds to the political structure of each period, according to the business development and the context to be studied during the import substitution development models (1948-1979) and the economic liberation (1982-2018). From the study, it is highlighted that, although at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century the number of smes increases, they face greater business challenges, because the State's economic policy is more inclined to globalized markets, aspects in which the previous enterprises do not have competitive advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to reflect from the perspective of the National Front of Indigenous Peoples, on the processes for human rights, from its cultural dimension, which are historical, political and dynamic constructions, the contributions of the FRENAPI are read from the sociology of absences and the sociology of emergencies, in its conclusions stands out how the movement presents a project of human rights located to the reality of the country, which includes autonomy, self-determination, land-territory among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activity analysis of a scientific journal is relevant to know the evolution of its characteristics over time. In this paper, results of a bibliometric study of the Revista de Biología Tropical/International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation (Costa Rica) are presented. The goal of this study was to describe the main characteristics of its scientific production, and analyze its level of collaboration and its impact between the years 2003-2012. Data was derived from the Web of Science (Thomson-Reuters), and the relationship among authors and coauthors, institutions and countries, and their links with the citations received were analyzed for that period. Descriptive statistics about production (number of documents per year, institution and country), collaboration (authorship index, collaboration among institutions and countries) and impact (IF, position in JCR and number of citations received) were collected. Results showed that the journal has published 1 473 papers in this period, in similar proportions English and Spanish. Mexico, Costa Rica, Venezuela and Colombia are the most common countries of origin, with the Universidad of Costa Rica, Universidad Autónoma de Mexico and the University of Puerto Rico as the most common leader institutions. Collaboration between authors, institutions and countries has shown an increasing trend over the last decade. The co-author index was 3.07 per document, 63 % of publications included 2 or more institutions, and 22 % of the papers were product of international collaboration. The most common collaboration link was between Costa Rica and the United States of America. The impact factor has been oscillating during this last decade, reaching a maximum in 2012 (IF JCR = 0.553). Besides, 10 % of the most cited papers concentrated half of the citations received by the journal, and have a very high number of citations, compared with the journal mean. The main countries that cite the journal were USA, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and Costa Rica. Data showed an increasing collaboration between authors, institutions and countries, and a direct relationship between the increase of this collaboration and the received impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the religious-conservative agenda in the political discourse during the national electoral campaign in Costa Rica (2013-2014). To perform the analysis, ideas established by aspiring parties in their Government Programs were studied, as well as the statements that were offered by the main aspirants to the Presidency during televisive debates. It is concluded that the religious-conservative agenda did not play a predominant role in the political-electoral discourse, nevertheless, it seems to be still important as a discursive strategy for vote capture and political attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the newspaper's coverage on the subject of renewable energy and renewable energy technologies and how that information has been exhibited in the Costa Rican case by the newspapers La Nacion and El Financiero between January 2006 and December 2011 (considered the period of emergence and establishment of the most important public discussions on the issue). It's presented a general analysis of the form of presentation of information and content through the representations analysis on the subject, taking as a starting point some works that have emerged in recent years in Latin America and the rest of the world, concerning to the communication of science and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent elections in Costa Rica presented an unusual social-political dimention. One of those dimensions was the debates transmitted by different mass media. The main topic of this paper addresses a systematic analysis of symbolic elements encountered and used in several debates during the presidential electoral campaign. Through an specific methodology, we identified markers and different contents used by the candidates during their speeches, and analize the electoral process and make linkages with contextualizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is the result of an investigation that followed up the presidential elector campaign 2014, Costa Rica. In the 350 printed editions of La Nación, Diario Extra and La Teja papers, which were published during the 2014 presidential campaign (from October 2nd 2013 to February 1st 2014) a total of 1417 electoral promises were made as part of chronicles, stories and interviews to candidates to the Presidency of the Republic of Costa Rica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article tries to approach the development of the Costa Rican germanophile press during the Great War. The general objective is to analyze the Costa Rican newspapers that showed sympathy for the german cause between 1914 and 1918. The work is focused in the characteristics of the papers, the published propaganda and the relationship with the ally-oriented newspapers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is the result of a literature study on the establishment of Social Work professional in Costa Rica during the twentieth century. The axis of the paper is the analysis of the achievements and limitations of this profession in the academia, employment and its institutional meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]