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Are there differences between adolescent men and women in terms of knowledge about climate change? How do adolescents perceive the climate crisis depending on their gender? In order to answer these questions, we carried out a meta-analysis on a sample of 84 international papers selected by conducting a systematic review methodology. To achieve that aim, we identified studies that showed differences according to the gender variable in terms of knowledge, perceptions, and/or opinions among adolescents pursuing secondary education. A total of 26 out of 84 papers (30.95%)"concentrated between 1993 and 2017"addressed gender differences regarding climate change. The meta-analysis revealed that women score lower than men on knowledge about climate change, with the difference increasing as they move forward in their respective secondary education courses. However, women are found to attribute greater risk to the climate crisis, they are more concerned about the problem, and "unlike men, who have a more technical worldview"they show greater ecocentric willingness to accept measures to address it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten years after the creation of the National System of Response to Climate Change (snrcc for its acronym in Spanish) in Uruguay, this paper examines the perceptions among local actors about the impacts of climate change on the Northeast region of the country (Departments of Rivera, Tacuarembó and Cerro Largo). It also analyzes their visions about policies and mechanisms of climate governance defined at the national level, focusing some aspects such as articulation and participation. This way the paper aims to generate relevant inputs for the discussion about the design of policies for mitigation and adaptation to this phenomenon in the specific territory considered here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper was calculated the return period of coastal floods for each of the coastal settlements that report this extreme event in the Cuban archipelago, based on the period 1901-2020. The chronology and classification of coastal floods for each province was used, as well as the Poisson distribution and the χ² goodness of fit test. It is concluded that the Poisson distribution was suitable in all cases for the significance level of 5%; while the greatest hazard is presented by Havana, Baracoa and the settlements of the Gulf of Batabanó in which the occurrence of a flood event is expected at least once every three to five years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper deal with the analyses of the information obtained in Cuba related to the influence of climatic factors on the production and quality of grasses and forages. The results showed that: the species within the genus and varieties showed a particular and specific response to climatic factors; the same variety of grass responded differently in both seasons of the year; minimum temperatures lower than 15 ºC and maximum lower than 27 ºC, as well as the number rainy days, had a marked effect; the models between yield and quality with the elements of the climate had high complexity and when comparing Pennisetum purpureum (as an experimental model) it showed higher height and lower yield in the 2000s compared to the ´60s. The results showed the specific response of each grass against the climate indicators, like the mathematical models that relate it, as well as the change that the climate has undergone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The broad projection of the climate issue in the present and future is now recognized it involves acting with certainty and speed, taking firm decisions and joint actions that are effective and at the same time efficient, all in the collective interest. In this context, the energy transition process emerges and takes shape on the basis of the European and national strategies that have been drawn up in order to comply with the international commitments undertaken. Without a doubt, the climate challenge brings important challenges (global), - environmental, social and economic-, towards the configuration of the new energy paradigm, and therefore, it also involves updating the classic regulatory system. This paper examines and reflects on main aspects of this energy evolution, where renewables are positioned as a necessary alternative. This, in turn, can be a good opportunity for the competitive consolidation of our energy sector, linked to "responsible" investment of the "renewable energy projects" which are solid and viable in the long term. It also refers to the new modalities of agreements in this area that are implemented to that end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: The objective of this article is to aid historians who are interested in recovering the climate history of the current Colombian territory, in their explanations and research about climate and weather factors. Methodology: In order to face the lack of quantitative records, this paper shows some alternatives such as looking for signs from indirect sources, the contrast of sources, series-making, and detection of teleconnections. Originality: It shows the potential of documentary sources, it synthesizes methodological problems and it exemplifies a few ways to solve them based on a research about the Cundiboyacense Plateau in the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century. Conclusions: The research agenda includes the exploration of new archives, climate history on a regional scale, the study of perceptions about weather even using quantitative records, and the exploration of the relationship climate-society during political struggle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of a strategy of changes to manage the bio-economic efficiency of a Murrah Buffalo production system in the province of Camagüey, Cuba, located 210 north and 770 west, 217 meters above sea level. The climate is tropical humid (Aw) plain. The mean annual precipitations average 1 180 mm (71 % between May and October), and temperature is between 24 and 29° C. The local soil is carbonated brown, brown without carbonates, and reddish-brown fersiallitic. The system comprises 5 100 ha and has 536 workers/year. A strategy to introduce management changes in agro-technology, food, reproduction, replacement, health, salary policies, and training was implemented as part of an innovation package with a systemic and participatory approach. The evaluation lasted eight years, and it was critical to increase dairy production in more than 200 000 kg/year in 2012, in comparison to 2004, with improvements in natality and reduction of operational expenses of the system. It was concluded that the strategy had a determining effect on the system's indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface marine meteorological observations made on board ships that navigate in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean are regularly collected and verified at the Meteorological Department of the Naval Hydrographic Service of Argentina (DMSHN). The database that contains this information spans from 1950 to present. Due to the importance of these data at the regional scale, a strict quality control (QC) is applied following the recommendations of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) for marine climatology. The aim of this paper is to describe the development and implementation of an additional QC (statistical). By this technique individual observations that fall out of the statistical limits defined for each selected variable and grid box are trimmed from the database, after which a database suitable for climatological purposes is generated. The sensitivity of the results to the definition of the statistical limits upon different climatic periods, grid spatial resolution and statistical criteria is analyzed. Finally, the resulting seasonal mean values of sea surface temperature and sea level pressure are compared to those obtained with global marine databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metals associated with the road sediment can impair the quality of air, soil and vegetation of environment when they are suspended by the wind and turbulence induced by the traffic. Additionally, they can affect the water quality of the river systems when they are transported by the runoff. The objective of this paper is to present a temporary assessment (daily) of the heavy metals (Pb-Cu) concentration associated with the road sediment of the localities of Fontibón and Barrios Unidos (Bogotá D.C., Colombia). The concentration was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Previously the samples were digested in a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acid (3:1; aqua regia). The results show for the finest fraction of road sediment (≤ 63 µm), which is also the fraction with size closest to the potentially inhalable (≤ 10 µm), that the concentrations tend to increase in dry weather (Pb: 34%; Cu: 40%). The concentrations of Pb and Cu during this period are 1.59 and 5.30 times higher than the lowest limit value fixed by the administrations of Cataluña and Canada, respectively. The findings are a reference point for Colombia in order to publish legislation associated with this type of pollution (hazardous waste). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the results of research conducted in order to propose a system of lightweight sun protection devices that can be produced in Cuba and added to the facades of the buildings in order to reduce the heat load through the architectural envelope and the energy consumption. For this, a modular indoor air- conditioned space with three possible functions, of which the requirements were derived to satisfy the elements of sun protection design, was defined. Its performance in terms of reduced heat transfer and natural lighting inside was assessed using automated simulation with Ecotect V5. The application in a case study helped to show that the required investment for the solar protection of the building facade can be amortized in less than two years from reducing air conditioning load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper analyzes the main more indexed divergent elements among three of the integrated assessment models in the literature about climate change: the RICE (Regional Dynamic Integrated model of Climate and the Economy), the FUND (Climate Framework for Uncertainty, Negotiation and Distribution) and the PAGE (Policy Analysis of the Greenhouse Effect). The research shows how each one of them approaches core topics of the integrated assessment of the climate change (the adaptation, the impacts, the uncertainty, the extreme events and discontinuities) from different edges and points of view, arriving to a heterogeneity in the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]