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The new Latin American economic, political and social conditions as well as the greater weight of migration ininternational context make for the fact that it has become essential for governments to politically and sociallyaddress the issues, as current migration dynamics is increasingly visible. It is necessary that public policies and national, bilateral and multilateral measures are based on the integration between the countries of the region and adjusted to the new Latin American realities. This paper explores migration policies of the Andean Community atthe start of the new millennium. The paper addresses the main agreements and legal instruments thateach of the Andean countries has developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the political paths of congresswomen in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Chile between 2009 and 2016. Their trajectories are classified according to their previous experience and the territorial levels at which they won elections before entering congress, and includes both novices and professionals. The professionals had prior political experience at either national or subnational level, with some having won re-election. Despite the countries' differing institutional structures, the vast majority held their first political position at national level - in congress (novices). Among the professionals, most of them in Chile, Ecuador and Peru began their careers at national level, while in Colombia and Bolivia they began at subnational level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intergovernmental coordination is a key factor to achieve a homogeneous implementation in national policies. However, the bibliography of coordination argues that the horizontal coordination (among jurisdictions of the same level of government) does not occur. On the contrary, this paper asks: Which factors produces that the subnational jurisdictions decide to act together to enforce a national environmental policy? Based on comparative analysis of the formulation process of the adequation laws to the National Forest Law in Argentina, I argue that the provinces act together when there are a regularized and legitim institutional frame available and a structures of incentives that produce that the locals politicians decide formulate and enforce an environmental policy in theirs jurisdictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]