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The Puma concolor is one of the largest carnivores present in Chile, although its size varies according to the geographical area in which it is found. It is increasingly common to find them outside their habitat and more in our environment. Its ecological, reproductive and nutritional aspects are known, but very little is known about its anatomy, which creates a challenge in the veterinary morphological area that needs strengthening. The present study consisted of an anatomical description of the appendicular skeleton of three adult specimens of Puma concolor (3 males) in the veterinary anatomy laboratory of the Universidad San Sebastián, headquarters of Patagonia Puerto Montt, which allowed a detailed study of the conformation of the skeleton of each structure present in the thoracic appendicular skeleton of these specimens. This allowed us to achieve results of morphological interest and delve into the anatomy of this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systematics and anatomy studies have revealed that characteristics of the batoids skeleton show significant variability and provide relevant information on the phylogenetic relationships of this group. Within this framework, our objective is describing the neurocranium morphology in eight species of batoids. Large variations were found, mainly in the rostrum, number of fontanelles, orientation of nasal capsules, and the condition and development of the pre- and post-orbital processes. These variations allowed us to group these craniums in three morphotypes. The first, including Narcine bancroftii, has unique characteristics, such as a squared rostrum and branched anterorbital cartilages; there are no pre-or postorbital processes, supraorbital crest or rostral appendix. The second morphotype includes Rostroraja texana and Pseudobatus lentiginosus, which have a well-developed rostrum with a rostral appendix in the anterior region, two fontanelles, jugal arches in the occipital region, and pre- and post-orbital processes poorly developed. The third morphotype includes myliobatoids species, which have small or absent rostrum, rostral appendix separated from the cranium, one fontanelle, and developed pre- and post-orbital processes. Most species have morphological variations throughout their development; therefore, when conducting phylogenetic studies, using characters from adult specimens is fundamental. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among several subgrade stabilization alternatives, the improvement with oversized material (boulders of approximately 10-inches in size) has traditionally been used. The Boulders form a thick mineral skeleton that supports the structure and favors moisture control. Nowadays, this technique is not included within the design protocols of Colombia. In this research, the mechanical properties of the pavement are quantitatively evaluated through 2Dnumerical-elastic modeling employing the improvement of soft subgrades with boulders. Comparative studies of performance and analysis of the fundamental variables in pavement design are carried out through 2D-numerical modeling. This way, guidelines to sketch a design protocol are suggested to improve mechanical properties in soft subgrades through the inclusion of oversized material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laguna Las Vegas is a high integrity and high resolution site. It is a penecontemporaneous record that was formed around 3050-3210 BP which is remarkable due to the high frequency of guanaco bones (Lama guanicoe) and, to a lesser extent, of cauquén remains (Chloephaga sp.). Additionally, a high frequency of bone pounders and chalcedony scrapers was recorded. We propose that this site was a campsite originated by an attritionally discard behavior within a short time frame, in which whole preys (guanacos) were taken for processing, consumption, and subsequent transport of their axial skeleton. The fact that cauquén remains were found suggests that human occupations took place, at least, during spring and summer. Due to these features, Laguna Las Vegas stands out as a valuable site, one which adds useful information about faunal resource management and mobility of the hunter-gatherer populations of the Coyle River middle basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article, developed within the framework of contract archeology, discloses the first in situ finding in the Lípez region of Potosí, Bolivia, of the semi-complete skeleton of an American cougar. It was discovered inside a collca, a pre-Hispanic deposit corresponding to the Late Intermediate Period (ca. 1100 years - 1450 years AD), and was associated with a Lampaya filiation vessel. An archaeozoological and taphonomic analysis revealed that it was an adult female feline of thin constitution and low weight. It was skinned for the extraction of its skin, and its meat was probably consumed as ritual food. The skeleton was placed on the floor of the structure in a left lateral decubitus position and oriented from west to east. It appears to be the final offering as part of a ceremony. According to Andean ethnohistorical, ethnographic and historical data, felines are sacred animals. Based in this worldview, this offering could symbolize fertility (due to its feminine condition), the transition from some important natural or social event that involved signs of hierarchy, power, and strength or could have been related to the moon and other important elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The skeleton is made up of 206 constant bones (200 bones and the 6 ossicles of the ear). However, apart from these there are other bones that can be inconstant, which are called accessories and sesamoids. Based on the above, the objective was to identify to the Os peroneum, which is one of the sesamoid bones that could be present in the human foot, relating its presence with sex, age groups and dominance, also recording measurements of each bone found. A descriptive study was carried out, in which radiographs of 200 patients of both sexes were used, Chilean, from the IX region of La Araucanía, 50 male and 150 female, aged between 15 and 90 years. Of the 200 patients studied, 28 (14%) were found with the presence of peroneal bone, 23 of the female sex and 5 of the male sex. In 16 (57.1%) individuals it was determined that the bones were bilateral. The biometric records of the bone under study are shown in tables. The data obtained will complement the morphological and medical knowledge about this bone in the Chilean population, since the pain in the lateral zone of the foot can be caused by a spectrum of etiologies, and with the data obtained, characterize our population, providing another possible cause to lateral standing pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the bioarchaeological material from ten sites of the lower basin of the Uruguay River, stored in the Museo Arqueológico Manuel Almeida (Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos). The bioarchaeological analyses focused on estimating the anatomical composition, the MNI and the sex-age structure for each site of the collection. Based on analyzing catalogue data the precedence of some skeletons was defined and mortuary practices were inferred. A minimum number of 80 individuals of both sexes and different ages have been estimated. It was also possible to recognize primary and secondary burial modalities. At the areal level, bioarchaeological research had little development, so this work provides new information that will extend the discussion on the pre-Hispanic occupations of southern Entre Ríos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the prevalence of metastatic bone pain is estimated in our country in no less than 3 750 patients. Moreover, the role of 32P-phosphate, which effectiveness is comparable to other radiopharmaceuticals, and the possible return to its previous general use, as it is cheaper, is examined. The fact that 32P is considered more radiotoxic doesn’t invalidate it as a treatment option, which is also evidenced by the Cuban experience. The Center of Isotopes (Centis) has established a production line of up to 37 GBq (1 Ci) per week of high quality 90Y. The fact of its being obtained through a radionuclide generator by electrochemical separation from 90Sr makes the import of radioactive raw material practically not required for indefinite time. This implies that the radionuclide could be available in a sustainable way. By having the 90Y greater β- emission energy, it might be more radiotoxic than 32P. Nevertheless, some evidences show that 32P in the form of orthophosphate is more radiotoxic than 90Y citrate. In Europe, a radiopharmaceutical consisting of a lyophilized kit of EDTMP and 90Y Chloride solution was able to relief pain in 191 patients. Centis has registered the 900Y chloride solution for labeling. Then the task is to introduce in the market a radiopharmaceutical with this radioactive precursor and the imported lyophilized kit in order to increase the treatment to an important number of patients that, as a result, could be benefitted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The species Isurus oxyrinchus, also known as Mako Shark of commonly as Shortfin Mako, belongs to the Lamnidae family, of the Condrictis class. The main anatomical feature of this class is a skeleton fully composed of cartilage. Considered to be a vulnerable species according to the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), as a result of its extensive use in food industry and hunting sports due to its high speed. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, being found in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans, the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. In Chile, a variety of this species has a distribution from the North to the Central-South regions of the country (according to industrial fishing data). Specimens are large in size, reaching 3.5 m and around 570 kg of weigh. The aim of this work was to perform a gross anatomy study of a juvenile Mako Shark, obtained by incidental fishing off the coast of Maule, Chile. The description of the skeleton was carried out in a systematic way by segments: skull, spine and fin. A photographic record of the specimen was obtained. According to the results, there is great similarity with what was described for the prickly shark and white shark, except for some shape variations in the skeleton. These differences could be explained by its ability to swim at high speed. The present description allows expanding knowledge of the anatomy of the Mako Shark, generating more information on this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Short height in Colombia has an estimated prevalence of 10%. The 2009 Nosology and Classification of Skeletal Genetic Diseases described 456 clinical conditions using biochemical, molecular and radiological criteria for diagnosis. Objective: To analyze demographic, epidemiological and clinical variables in a group of patients with skeletal genetic diseases referred to the Instituto de Ortopedia Infantil Roosevelt. Materials and methods: Patients referred between 2008 and 2014 were analyzed filtering 167 diagnoses of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD 10), related to skeletal genetic diseases. Demographic, epidemiological and clinical variables were explored using descriptive statistics. An intervention score was generated contemplating different combinations of treatments. An inferential statistical analysis using Student's t test was performed on such variables. Results: The most frequent reason for consultation was suspicion of a genetic skeletal disorder. The types of treatments considered included support, surgical, pharmacological and orthotics, and it was established that genetic skeletal disorders were associated with higher intervention scores while tall and short height showed a lower score. Conclusions: Most referred patients were classified with genetic bone diseases, short stature and other monogenic genetic diseases. Significant differences were found between the age at symptoms onset and the age of diagnosis. Diversity was found in the therapeutic approach among different groups of pathologies. Patients with tall and short height showed lower intervention scores, which may warn on the need to reassess the therapeutic requirements of these groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]