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This investigation is centered on two objectives: one is to determine whether in Tomelloso, which from 1950 onwards was characterised as being a city linked to literature, this activity is still relevant in the distribution of its spare time. The second objective is to verify whether this city is still a place from which new writers regularly emerge. In addition, this paper aims to provide a sociological explanation of this social phenomenon. Methodological triangulation was used, with qualitative exploratory interviews, surveys, and the management of the bibliography and documentary archives. It is confirmed that there is still a major link to literature in Tomelloso and that writers are still continuously emerging. The phenomenon is explained by relating it to the theories of symbolic interactionism and Robert K. Merton's concept of self-fulfilling prophecies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the first study on the construct validity of the GRS 2 Rating Scale for Teachers in Spain, on a sample of 348 subjects. A confirmatory factorial study, CFA, was carried out using robust least squares estimation procedures (WLSMV). A sixfactor structure has been selected that explains 66% of the variance. The fit indices of the model are satisfactory (CFI, .93; TLI, .93). Convergent validity (AVE, .66) and composite reliability (between .87 and .96) are adequate. This scale is the first validated in Spain and provides a relevant measure for the identification of high ability students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incorporation of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) into Spanish educational legislation as a framework for addressing student diversity has been met with criticism. Three main objections can be identified. Firstly, the lack of evidence supporting its neuroscientific basis. Secondly, the scarcity of empirical data to demonstrate its efficacy for improving learning. Thirdly, the difficulty in operationalizing and implementing its framework in practice. Based on a thorough review of key literature on UDL, this paper delves into and discusses these limitations considering the theoretical and practical foundations of the model. Furthermore, research directions are pointed out to advance its development, exploring its potential as a framework for identifying barriers for learning in lesson plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the practice of photojournalism in Spain and, specifically, focuses on the study of the graphic archive of the EFE Agency (1939-) and its own production, developed within and outside its borders. The acquisition of funds has been taken into consideration as part of this process and, in the same way, it has also been necessary to consider the creation, in the year 2000, of the digital graphic archive: The Photo Library, inheritance of the thematic classification of analog and the nomenclature and, in this process, the documentation system used has been contributed as a result of the conclusions - through primary sources and direct observation - with emphasis on the thematic classification used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: This paper aims to analyze the vast, varied and lasting presence of the little-known revolutionary rhetoric exploited by Francisco Franco throughout the dictatorship in Spain. To this end, this rhetoric is connected with the different contexts in which it was used and with the terminology employed in those same years by thinkers or politicians linked above all to the Falange. Methodology: As this article is interested in the public discourse of Franco's regime, it has examined in detail and qualitatively the content of Franco's public speeches. For this purpose, we have resorted to the official compilations made under Franco's regime and, because of their selective and incomplete nature, also to newspaper sources. Thus, more than a history of intellectual or political ideas, this work is linked to their public and pragmatic dimension and delves into the complex practical functioning of ideologies. Originality: With few exceptions, Franco's rhetoric has not been studied in detail, and even less in the revolutionary rhetoric. The originality of this study lies in the fact that it is the first specific and analytical approach, although not quantitative, to Franco's revolutionary rhetoric. For example, it explains its unknown survival until the 1960s and even the 1970s, so that it outlived the so-called defalangization of Francoism. Conclusions: Franco's revolutionary rhetoric was characterized by great flexibility and imprecision. It underwent many changes over the years and coexisted with other central discursive frameworks, such as the Cruzada's. It was a crucial factor in the discursive legitimization of Francoism, especially in its initial years. Compared to the Cruzada, with which it complemented, it stood out for its elasticity and pretended transversality. In addition, it was connected with a legitimacy of exercise, not of origin, which was, in fact, more easily connected with the present and the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the barriers to the recognition of gender-based persecution as grounds for asylum. It focuses on Spain and examines the rulings of Spanish courts on applications based on various types of gender violence between 2009 and 2019 and looks at the theoretical propositions of "the politics of silence". The paper proposes that these barriers can be attributed to the interweaving of androcentric and colonial frameworks that produce arbitrary representations of non-European women and their cultures. It also highlights the paradoxical way authorities deploy culturalisation strategies around female genital mutilation and forced marriage, treating them as "exotic" violence, in contrast to the strategies of invisibilisation and silence used with other types of gender-based violence, such as "intimate violence". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Law 8/2021 of 2 June allows people with hearing impairments to decide on the support they need to live a fuller and more independent life. The aim of this paper is to study the expert report and the models of support for the hearing impaired, to meet the professionals involved and to make proposals to promote the systematisation of professional practice. The method used was a literature review and the extraction of primary data using a semi-structured interview technique with open questions. The results show that it is essential to know the codes of the hearing impaired to make informed decisions. Social workers from psychosocial teams are the most appropriate professionals to guide the hearing impaired in making decisions about the support they need, given their competence in assessing the personal, social, and support network spheres. The research concludes with contributions to promote the systematisation of the expert report and the support assessment scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the role played by leaders figures from the Moroccan diaspora as potential instruments of legitimation for the Moroccan state and traditional elites, not just on an international scale and among the Moroccan communities living abroad, but also on a domestic level. Through the case study of specific events that happened to two prominent figures from the Moroccan community in Spain - rapper and songwriter Morad and football player Achraf Hakimi - in 2022, it analyses the legitimation strategies - cooption or coercion - that the Moroccan state employs to ensure that the stance taken in terms of politics and identity, as well as the cultural production, of leaders figures from the diaspora are aligned with its interests and principles at all times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the discourse on migration from the official Twitter accounts of 5 political parties in Spain (PSOE, PP, Podemos, Ciudadanos and Vox), during the so-called «migration crisis» that took place in Ceuta in May 2021. The methodology followed allows us to describe the activity of the different political party accounts, the centrality of the migration issue in them, the topics and discursive strategies contained in the publications and their engagement. The findings of the work carried out point to the existence of a hardening of the political discourse on immigration in the context studied, accompanied by a loss of «political correctness» -characteristic of previous times- to address migration issues, which only alerts us to the normalization of racist hate speech in the network considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the sake of prevention in high conflict families in process of separation or divorce who resolve situations by only attending court, and since there is no instrument to identify this trend, this paper aims to create a questionnaire for measuring characteristics predicting judicialization. This paper focuses on C-JUDIFA questionnaire's content and internal validity, confirming that the items used accurately describe the characteristics to be measured while obtaining a good representativeness of the proposed scales. Factor analysis supports the three-factor structure theoretically proposed, while finding a strong correlation between all 9 suggested constructs. Likewise, further research is needed in order to analyze the relationship of all these factors in the judicialization tendency through the research of external validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After two decades of use in many universities and educational centres worldwide and several international projects based on its use, the cartography of controversy approach based on Actor-Network Theory is still little known in Spain. However, it is gradually beginning to be used. In this paper, we describe the characteristics of this approach, as well as the different methods (extensive and abbreviated) that we propose for using it in the analysis of socially acute questions. We reflect on some of the experiences we have carried out in University and Secondary Education, as well as on its possible extension to non-formal contexts, to promote the transition to action on socially acute questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present the testimony of the midwife and practitioner José Quílez, who developed his professional practice in Almenar (small town in the province of Lleida), in order to show how the professional provision of care in rural postwar Catalonia was developed by this civil servant of the local administration. A qualitative study of historical research is developed using the biographical interview as a resource, framed in the phenomenological paradigm, using direct oral sources that have been triangulated with the interviewee's own written sources, bibliographic sources, as well as documentation from the archives of the Official College of Nurses of Lleida. The testimony highlights a noble character forged by the miseries of postwar Spain, which led to his emigration for work reasons from Aragon to Catalonia, where he had the opportunity to develop a solid family project, as well as a strong professional commitment in the provision of care, which is manifested in the rigor in the application of the protocols of the time, as well as the basic principles of ethics and privacy with which he attended to patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, fact-checking journalism has become one of the dominant strategies to tackle disinformation. For these entities to be effective and gain the trust of citizens, it is essential that they carry out their work under the principles of ideological neutrality, especially when they try to verify political discourse. This paper, groundbreaking in the Spanish context, aims to analyze the verification practices and possible partisan biases of political fact-checking in Spain through a specific study applied to Newtral, the main fact-checker specialized in politics in this country. The political verification practices used by this fact-checker since the beginning of its activity (October 2018-October 2022) were analyzed through quantitative content analysis. In a second phase, the same study was replicated, applied only to the discourse of the main national political leaders. The study used inferential statistics (chi-square hypothesis tests, correlational studies, Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test). No significant differences were observed between political parties in any of the variables analyzed in the phases of execution and verdict, neither in the general sample nor in the specific sample related to political leaders. However, greater attention is paid to the statements made by politicians belonging to Partido Popular, whose discourse is more checked, which could indicate a certain selection bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the evolution of the memory of the conflict known as the Rif War (1921-1926), both in Spain and Morocco, contrasting the visions in both countries and making a special emphasis on its main milestones and protagonists, such as the episode of Annual and the figure of Abdelkrim. In the Spanish case, both the Franco dictatorship and the democratic period up to the present day will be covered, while the Moroccan case will be analyzed from independence in 1956 to 2021, the date on which the centenary of Annual was commemorated. Attention will be paid to the political and social uses of history through the politics of memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the first tourists' guidebooks on Spain published between 1840 and 1930. The aim is to highlight the contrast between the socioeconomic vision of the country reflected in the foreign guidebooks aimed at the Anglo-Saxon public, where certain stereotypes maintained a notable weight, and the vision offered by the little-known Spanish guidebooks, aimed at the national tourists, which did give an account of the transformation of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper tackles, from a historical perspective, the travelogue Vivid Spain (1926), written by the Bostonian Joe Mitchell Chapple as a result of his journey throughout Spain. The main aim of this work is to study in detail the vision of this North American traveller across the Peninsula. With this purpose, an analysis of the aforementioned work will be carried out taking into account its form and content, supported by the public opinion and the impact it generated in the American historical press of the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the end of the 20th century, despite the crisis in the fishing sector in Spain, there has been a significant growth in fishing ports. This is partly due to the fact that the requalification of ports has been an objective of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) since the mid-1990s. The aim of the paper is to analyse the impact of this policy, as well as to observe the integration between port and city linked to social demand which makes it possible for fishing uses to coexist with other recreational, sporting or commercial uses. The case study focuses on the ports of Muros and Ribeira (Galicia), based on a combined quantitative and qualitative analysis, using statistical and cartographic sources (SIOSE programme and photointerpretation) and fieldwork. The results show a significant growth and diversification of port uses, at the same time as a reduction in the number and power of the fishing fleet (SGP, 2021). The authors highlight the absence of a master plan to guide investments at regional level, and, in general, of sectoral and urban planning instruments to harmonise these processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2009, draft bills and regulations must be accompanied by the memorandum on the regulatory impact analysis. In addition, Act No. 26/2015 introduced the enforceability of regulatory impact analysis on families. However, it is not being properly performed. The main reason for this is the absence of a methodology guide with clear guidelines on sources, techniques and procedures to be used. Assessment tools and procedures are needed in order to guarantee valid and reliable analysis, as well as to tone down the burdens of the public administration professionals dealing with this task. This paper examines the introduction and development of regulatory impact analysis on families in Spain, which is considered an ex ante assessment tool for better regulation. It gives an overview of the current situation concerning the implementation of regulatory impact analysis at Central Administration and Autonomous Communities level. Reflecting the confusion and disparity of criteria when it comes to perform this type of assessment. And finally suggests guidelines to properly carry out regulatory impact analysis on families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the validity of the second-order model in the 2019 municipal elections. We focus, first, on the theoretical evolution that has transformed the model proposed by Reif and Schmitt (1980). Second, it evaluates the explanatory capacity of a model that does not fit with highly fragmented and heterogeneous units of analysis. Finally, a contextual analysis is presented to provide a more robust explanation of the 2019 Spanish municipal election. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fernando Cavestany (1922-1974) was an architect whose short but intense professional career always went hand in hand with a passion for drawing. Even as a student, and later as a practicing architect, he worked as an illustrator for the magazine Revista Nacional de Arquitectura, as did Joaquín Vaquero Turcios, José Luis Picardo, Ramón Vázquez Molezún, and more. This article aims to be a first probe into the graphic work of Fernando Cavestany. To this end, RNA has been used as guiding thread, given that it was the medium he most assiduously published his drawings in. In addition to showing the Madrid architect's drawing skills, this paper seeks to uphold the work of draftspersons, drawing attention to how their drawings, always one of a kind, added expressive quality to architecture journals. In Fernando Cavestany's case, the range of techniques and themes was broad, but there is a prevalence of the spur-of-the-moment travel sketch, which he relished doing all his life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper tests a simple but fascinating hypothesis, namely, that racism is a strictly modern reality. We will not find specifically racist theories before the eighteenth century. We also intend to establish a suggestive contrast with Spanish thought of the 16th century. The goal is to corroborate an issue that, perhaps, will amaze more than one: the verifiable circumstance that racism is absent in the doctrines of the jurists, moralists, theologians, and humanists (as well as early ethnologists) of imperial Spain in the 16th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last third of the 20th century was witness the agrarian transformation of the Huelva province coast. Its traditional agriculture turned into one of the most avant-garde and technical in Andalusia and Spain. Previously marginal lands, considered unproductive, became central. We dedicate the paper to the description and analysis of the local heterodox agrarian reform that initiated this transformation: the occupation, subdivision, and cultivation of the collective forest and bushland of El Avitorejo and surroundings, later known as Las Malvinas, in the township areas of Moguer and Palos de la Frontera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the processes of assessment of situations of dependency in Spain and the role of Social Work in them. The study provides new information, trying to detect possible influences of Covid-19 on these processes and analysing existing territorial disparities. From an intentional documentary search, information was subsequently collected from the General Directorates or Subdirectorates, or the autonomous Institutes of social services through an ad hoc questionnaire, obtaining responses from the universe of analysis units (17 autonomous communities). Said information was organized into three categories of analysis: mandatory nature of the social report in the assessment of situations of dependency; place of application of the DAS and the SRS; and professional profiles of the teams for assessing dependency situations. The results show, among other results, the existence of very different interprofessional teams, the application of the scale in divergent contexts, and the different relevance of the social report in the processes. In conclusion, the need to deepen the inclusion of the social report and the professional figure of Social Work in the assessment processes is evident by contributing to the improvement of the coordination of objectives, processes, and resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vacation home is a thriving form of accommodation in Spain that arouses great interest among academics from various disciplines. Most of the studies have focused on regulatory aspects, the type of business and the impact generated on tourism activity, the economy, urban spaces, the population and the environment. Few works have addressed the citizen perception of this type of accommodation, having focused on micro analyses. This paper analyzes the perception of the residents of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria based on a self-made survey that has been analyzed at a municipal and intra-urban scale. Specifically, it is proposed in this article to know the perception of residents about the impact that this type of accommodation has on the economy, housing, heritage, culture and neighborhood identity of the municipality and analyze the underlying reasons. The results allow us to recognize that, firstly, the opinion of the residents is not negative in general terms and, secondly, that this perception shares the economic rationality with which tourist activity in general is judged and is conditioned by the contact directly with the activity and for personal interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orofacial clefts represent a heterogeneous group of congenital malformations affecting different structures of the oral cavity and face. Overall, infants with these disorders have a higher lifetime morbidity and mortality compared to unaffected individuals. Therefore, advances in biomedical research are unavoidable. Thus, the overall objective of this work was to conduct a literature review to narratively analyse the 10 main primary studies on orofacial clefts carried out in Spain, published from 2018 to date. According to this review, at an institutional level, the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) is notable with 4 articles published by the UCM 920202 research group. The Rey Juan Carlos University of Madrid also stands out, with three papers related to different aspects of the personality and quality of life of cleft patients, as well as many other cognitive-emotional variables. In relation to the University of Valencia, we found two studies carried out on large samples of cleft patients. Finally, in Barcelona, an observational study on otorhinolaryngological problems in cleft palate patients is noteworthy. In conclusion, although several studies have been published in recent years on different aspects related to clefts, there is still much work to be done. Spain should craniofacial development. Large, multicenter and collaborative studies are needed to delve deeper into the aetiological mechanisms and, ultimately, into the possible tools for their prevention. Similarly, support is needed to better elucidate questions related to treatments in all dimensions of health, preferably randomised controlled clinical trials, which facilitate the transfer of knowledge and its universal accessibility within the Spanish public health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, forced marriage as a manifestation of violence against women has entered the public agenda in European Union countries. This is partly due to higher numbers of migrants from regions where it is a regular practice. This paper aims to show the different ways violence manifests itself in forced marriage, both symbolically and practically - in terms of experiences - based on a qualitative sample of women with a range of migration backgrounds residing in Catalonia. The intersectional gender approach of the analysis enables the interaction to be considered of various factors when it comes to understanding contexts of risk and violence, as well as exit strategies from forced marriage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, thousands of Moroccan women crossed the border between Melilla and Morocco on a daily basis to work in domestic employment, a consolidated niche sector of cross-border employment for low-skilled working-class women. When the border closed due to COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020, many decided to remain in Melilla. Following the precepts of grounded theory and using biographical interviews, the paper investigates the survival strategies these women deployed following the border closure. An ambivalent process began: on the one hand, their labour conditions worsened, exposing them to worse situations of violence; on the other, they developed strategies of resistance and agency, assuming the role of breadwinner for their families and opting for a process of emancipation through inclusion and training opportunities in the city of Melilla. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to systematize the opinions of seventeenth-century Spanish theologians and moralists on the torments suffered by souls in purgatory In order to do so, the most representative treatises published at the time, which are kept at the National Library of Madrid, have been analysed. Departing from the concepts of probity and piety, which God dictates for the provisional inhabitants of the «Third Place», the article first makes a sketch of how purgatorial penalties were treated from the earliest historical references to the council of Trent and Describes their evolution. The paper then focuses on the study of how the issue was addressed by Spanish authors. More particularly, it analysis the different types of punishments prescribed for souls in purgatory. Several categories have been found, of which some are internal to purgatory, while others are external. Among the latter, a distinction is made between penalties of damage and penalties of meaning. The paper ponders the question of why penalties of damage were considered more griefful than penalties of meaning. In so doing, it also recognizes the weight that was specifically attributed to fire, further nuancing the assessment of penalties. To finish, the article presents a catalogue of the different types of penalties described in the visions of different people and literary characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the communication carried out by IBEX35 companies in crisis situations in order to determine the mechanisms that try to favour dialogue between organisations and their stakeholders. The sample is made up of the tweets that include the word covid and that have been issued by the 27 IBEX 35 companies that had verified corporate profiles on the Twitter social platform during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. Taking into consideration the dialogic principles established by Kent and Taylor (1998), which were adapted by Rybalko and Seltzer (2010) for Twitter, an adaptation was made to establish indicators to apply to the conversation established on the platform. To analyse the differences in interaction, the t-test for independent samples and the one-factor ANOVA were used. The results show that companies maintain an interest in engaging with their audiences but continue to deal with topics that are not of interest to users, which makes it difficult for a dialogue or conversation to take place between companies and stakeholders. The article shows that the resources most used by companies in crisis situations are the call to action and dialogue, either by asking their users questions or suggesting the desired interaction. While directly asking users for their opinions does not generate more dialogue, the results show that soliciting attitudes, such as commenting, sharing an image or liking an image, does increase interaction. This implies that there is low interest on the part of audiences to join a real conversation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the gender wage gap in Spain by analyzing data from the 2018 Spanish Structure of Earnings Survey to quantify the gap and decompose it into the explained and unexplained gaps using three different "discrimination- free" distributions (Reimers, Cotton and Jann). As covariates, in addition to seniority at work, studies and type of contract, common in the literature, they introduce occupation. The study treats full-time workers separately from part-time workers. This distinction is important due to the characteristics of the Spanish labor market, where part-time contracts predominate among women. The results show that part-time female employees are less discriminated against than full-time female employees, and that at lower levels of education and in lower skilled occupations The results show that part-time workers are less discriminated against and that at lower levels of education and in lower-skilled occupations, women's wages are closer to those of men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have revealed an unequal valuation and didactic approach to intangible cultural heritage (ICH) among teachers in Latin America, Spain and Portugal. To obtain a comprehensive overview of the situation of ICH in Ibero-American education, this study aims to discover the conceptions that educators hold about this heritage typology, the didactic use they make of it and the problems they experience when teaching about it. This paper presents the preliminary results obtained from the responses of 52 teachers to a qualitative questionnaire. The data collected, analysed from Grounded Theory through a triple coding process, points to an asynchrony between the conceptions about ICH, mainly valued as a catalyst of identity bonds, and the didactic implementation of it, in which expositive methodologies prevail, disregarding the evaluative processes. It is concluded that the developed categories can specifically serve the heritageeducational understanding of the ICH, by obtaining a model of interpretation that diverges in some respects from previous theoretical frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prison intervention/treatment actions are aimed at addressing the in/reintegration of convicted persons. However, there are few references and results of these actions. This paper aims to analyze the intervention programs in Spain and their relationship with the processes of female in/reinsertion and recidivism. A descriptive univariate and bivariate analysis was performed on a sample of 310 female inmates surveyed in open regime. The results indicate that employment education programs are most in demand, followed by life skills and gender-based violence programs. There is greater participation in the ordinary regime (between 50% and 60%), with repeat offenders standing out (75.3%), which questions the adequacy of their needs in professional actions. The findings show the importance of updating the penitentiary interventionaction from a socio-educational and gender perspective, adapted to the characteristics of women for their in/reinsertion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the increasing importance of railways in the global context, either as a means of transport or as a tourist product, this paper aims to provide an alternative to the closure of the Aranjuez-Cuenca-Utiel railway in Spain. From the point of view of sustainable tourism, it is intended to highlight the role of this railway as a backbone of territorial socioeconomic development. The recovery and enhancement of the Portuguese Duero line is presented as an example for the future of the Cuenca's Province railway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present the multiple realizations of lower limit and of speakers from different Spanish speaking territories found in the extensive oral corpus FEC (Fonología del Español Contemporáneo). We present several acoustic criteria to assign the continuum between occlusive and approximant to different phonetic variants to enable quantitative analysis of the corpus. The results of the acoustic analysis confirm the different phases described in previous literature of the phenomenon in the different Spanish speaking territories. Additionally, they show that a) palatal fricative realizations [?] - the IPA symbol commonly used for the phoneme - is very rare in the corpus and b) that in territories that distinguish between/?/and/j/, hybrid variants consisting of lateral + central that show a beginning delateralization are quite recurrent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the representation of women in sodomy prosecutions. Based on the analysis of theological, moral, medical and legal literature, it aims to shed light on the different controversies surrounding "perfect" and "imperfect" sodomy that determined the understanding and suitability of women as moral and legal subjects in the face of supposedly unnatural acts. It also relates the two nefarious crimes in which a woman could be implicated, either as an active figure through sodomy between women, or as a victim of unnatural sexual violence carried out by a man. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the communication strategy of the main Spanish political parties on TikTok after the embryonic phase of 2020. Through content analysis, it identifies in quantitative and qualitative terms the use of TikTok by the PP, PSOE, Podemos and Vox, by observing their rate of publication, engagement and type of interaction, predominant themes and adaptability to narrative and discursive techniques. The study, which covers the period from 1 January to 31 December 2021, consists of 562 units of analysis. The results show a settlement and consolidation on the platform and a clear dominance by the Partido Popular and Podemos, as well as the firm emergence of the PSOE, absent until now. A growth in engagement can be seen, although little use is made of the interaction that the social network can facilitate in order to contribute to debate and social participation. The confrontation between leaders, accusations against the governing party and controversial topics, which reflect polarisation and emotionality, are those that achieve the greatest interaction, which shows that the spectacularisation of current politics finds in TikTok a means of dissemination that is easy to viralise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spanish scientific production and technology transfer that it entails are constantly growing, and consequently that of the Autonomous Communities as well. However, this does not mean that all the Autonomous Communities evolve in the same way, nor that they all implement the same policies. In this paper we present a comparison of investment in R&D&i, scientific production, and its transfer to the productive fabric of the seventeen Spanish Autonomous Communities in the period 2003-2020. The data used to carry out this work has been extracted from three of the platforms created by the SCImago group: SCImago Journal & Country Rank (SJ&CR), SCImago Institutions Rankings (SIR) and SCImago Patents Rank (SPR) (under development) based on information included in Elsevier's Scopus database and PATSTAT. In total, 1,276,914 primary documents published in the 2003-2020 period have been recovered, signed by authors affiliated to Spanish institutions that have been disaggregated at the level of Autonomous Communities. With them, a battery of indicators of scientific production (12), its technological impact (5) and technology transfer (5) has been generated, in addition to its variation rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Court preparation programs are a resource that aims to reduce the discomfort produced in child victims; nevertheless, studies on their effectiveness are scarce. The aim of this paper is to offer a review of these programs in order to know if the objectives foreseen in their design are being fulfilled and if the effect they are producing is really the expected one. To this end, a systematic search was carried out in the main databases following the PRISMA guidelines. The six included studies show that participants in preparation programs, as well as their primary caregivers and legal professionals consider that these programs reduce anxiety and facilitate victims' testimony. There is a need to adapt and implement these programs in Spain to reduce secondary victimization of children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The movement, named "Inclusive Education, Yes, Special Too" (Educación Inclusiva Sí, Especial También) originated in the publicly-subsidized private schools dedicated to special education. This article aims to analyze the discourse framework of this movement and to confront it with the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006), joined by Spain in 2008. Therefore, using Critical Discourse Analysis, we analyze the arguments and ideas expressed by their followers in the media, unions' publications, online audiovisual material and posts on Twitter. Our fndings show a discourse based on a misinterpretation of recent law projects and the concept of 'educative inclusion' of the United Nations and also the association of ordinary schools with competitiveness, hostility towards functional diversity and psychological discomfort. Consequently, the outcome of this paper indicates that there is a common discourse shared by this movement and the pro-inclusive movement based on the lack of inclusion in Spanish ordinary schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnic nationalism or ethnonationalism is a fundamental feature of the ideology of the Spanish political party Vox. This connects it with the political thought of the populist radical right (as defined by Mudde) within the wider far right family. First, this paper examines what ethnic nationalism or ethnonationalism means, in theoretical terms, before going on to analyse a peculiar feature that distinguishes Vox's nativism from other European radical right parties: "ethnic Hispanicism". Finally, it studies Vox's connections with Latin America, investigating the specific conceptualisation and strategic features of the project the Spanish party calls the "Iberosphere". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of the Anthropocene as a geological epoch where Humankind has become a key influential force on Earth's biophysical dynamics addresses directly to Geography, which has historically defined itself as a science focused on the study of the interaction between Society and Nature. Although Anglo-American geography has already reflected on the implications for Geography of the acceptance of the Anthropocene thesis, there is little analysis of this issue in Spain. This paper argues that, in such anthropocenic context, it is no longer possible to consider that Society is subordinated to the rule of Nature, as it was assumed by classical Geography. On the contrary, social processes are nowadays an overarching factor in the construction of territory due to the technical capacity developed by Humankind to affect the behaviour of Earth systems. This new perspective has implications for the teaching, research and applied practice of Geography which are discussed in this paper, and which can be synthesised in the need to place territorial processes at the centre of teaching, of research, and of the design of intervention policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of the initial phase (O1) of the European Project LSP Teacher Training Summer School (TRAILs), made up of eight partners: teachers of Languages for Specific Purposes (LSP) from seven European Universities and a British consultancy firm specialized in the quality of education research (Arcola). The main objective of the project is the training of LSP teachers and the development of skills to promote an innovative and high-quality teaching, based on the identified gaps and the existing dysfunctions between the training required by these teachers and the actual offering of courses. This paper identifies and analyses the training courses for LSP teachers offered in countries from the European Higher Education Area, with special emphasis in Spain. A standardized questionnaire was designed to gather the information available in the training programs of more than 1000 higher education institutions and universities in 25 countries. The results show that the offer is quite scarce and very eclectic and heterogeneous regarding formats, teaching methodology, learning outcomes and evaluation methods. These results reinforce the need to create the standard European pilot program for teacher training in LSP that emerged from this project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este trabajo persigue dos objetivos. En primer lugar, estudiar el efecto potencial de la percepción del clima escolar por parte de los profesores y de las variables motivacionales de estos relacionadas con los estudiantes en la satisfacción de los profesores con la escuela y el clima motivacional del aula (CMC). En segundo lugar, validar una batería de cuestionarios para evaluar las diferentes variables motivacionales de los docentes relacionadas con los estudiantes: conocimiento motivacional, enfoque de los docentes en las calificaciones y necesidades emocionales de los estudiantes y expectativas. En total, 441 profesores y 5,380 estudiantes de España y Costa Rica participaron en el estudio. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios mostraron la adecuación de la estructura de cada cuestionario. Además, los resultados de los análisis de correlación y regresión mostraron, en primer lugar, que la percepción del clima escolar, junto con las expectativas de los profesores, son los principales factores que pueden influir en la satisfacción de los profesores con la escuela. En segundo lugar, que el CMC no depende de la satisfacción de los profesores, sino solo de dos componentes del clima escolar, el apoyo mutuo de los profesores y las actitudes de los estudiantes, y de las expectativas de autoeficacia. En ambos análisis de regresión, satisfacción y CMC, se encontraron diferencias transculturales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the blurred boundaries between the historical narrative and the exemplum. After outlining the main links between the two and the fundamental role of rhetoric to each, the study turns to a specific case: the unexpected death of King John I of Castile. This event is captured in literary form in Alfonso Álvarez de Villasandino's poem Crónica de Ayala, as well as Diego Rodríguez de Almela's Crónica del Despensero and Valerio de las Estorias escolásticas e de España. Drawing from these examples, the article posits four basic principles that underpin the composition of the historical exemplum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the features and practices of military command during a war of conquest, as exhibited by Castilian captains at the dawn of Iberian Atlantic expansion between the Late Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age. Focusing on Castilian royal chronicles of military campaigns against the aboriginal people of the Canary Islands, such texts demonstrate continuities with the military discourse developed during the war against the Muslims in medieval Spain, as well as adaptation to a new geographical, social and cultural context, embodied in the experiences of the conquest of the Americas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In November 2020, the Procedure against disinformation was approved in Spain and it provoked an intense reaction on social networks and in the media about the repercussions it could trigger on freedom of expression. To analyze this case study and to observe the confluence of the concern of society and journalism about the informative disorders, a combined methodological approach was designed. First, a multi-stage sample of more than 35,000 tweets with the hashtag #Ministeriodelaverdad has been selected, from which a quantitative and qualitative analysis has been carried out. Second, a content analysis was carried out in the main media in Spain, both press and television (ABC, El Mundo, El País, El Confidencial, El Independiente, Eldiario.es, LaSexta, Telecinco y RTVE. We found that the hashtag was promoted by conservative and anonymous political accounts which - with a greater degree of polarization - led the debate and fed the echo chamber with opinions and audiovisual contents. In the media, the editorial bias determines the acceptance of this measure and the plurality. Little similarity is found between the political sources represented in the media, mainly belonging to the bipartisanship (PP y PSOE) and experts from different areas, and the network, where among those identified there is a total predominance of liberals and far-right. This paper allows us to observe the changes in the construction of the public sphere that social media are inducing and, in the matter of the fight against informative disorders, reflects on the importance of the information media leading the shaping of public opinion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the informative coverage made by the newspapers El País, El Mundo and La Vanguardia in their printed editions on the investiture session of Pedro Sánchez as President of the Spanish Government. For this purpose, all the text related to this issue published between Friday 3 and Wednesday 8 January 2020 were analyze through a content analysis (n=333), which consider variables such as the location, the type of the texts, the topic addressed and the prominence of headlines and graphics. The results show that this topic aroused a remarkable interest among the analyzed newspapers, which provided their coverage with a great opinion and interpretive value. Furthermore, other features that define the informative coverage of these newspapers are the moderate use of graphic elements, the predominant attention to PSOE and Unidas Podemos, and the configuration of the agenda setting around the same issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present the results of the documentation of a possible cattle hut located in Dehesa de Villargordo (Villafranca de los Barros, SW Spain) by an intensive archaeological survey. This site must have depended on the nearby settlement of Villargordo which, from a hill on the other hand of the Bonhabal stream and next to the Via de la Plata, would be controlling and exploiting this area of wooded pastureland between the Hight Roman Empire and the Early Middle Ages. The archaeological data obtained from our fieldwork has allowed us to carry out a kernel density estimation to specify the location of the hut withing the space of the extinct wooded pastureland. From this analysis we have been able to assess the rate of lateral displacement of artifacts caused by the action of the agricultural plow. Furthermore we have been able to discriminate artifacts by chronological and functional groups. These analyzes, combined with the study of diagnostic artifacts and with a historical approach to the the transformations of the landscape, has allowed us to interpret the archaeological site at a chronological, functional and economic level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In July 2020, the European Commission agreed on an aid package, the so-called Recovery and Resilience Mechanism (RRM), for which Spain would receive no less than 140 billion. For its management, the government developed the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan where, in addition, it would establish not only what investment project would be made but also the reforms to be applied. However, the recent experience of the Spanish administration revealed a significant difficulty in executing the European funds associated with the Multiannual Financial Framework 14-20. This difficulty, of which both the Spanish administration itself and the European Commission are aware, forces us to review the determinants of administrative capacity in our country as well as the possible necessary changes. In this paper we explore the relationship between administrative capacity and execution of funds as well as the necessary actions that must be carried out to improve the capacity and efficiency of administrations in the execution of funds that will be decisive for the future of Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven new interesting records for the flora of Almería and Granada (Spain) are listed in this paper. Among them, Ferulago ternatifolia and Teucrium spinosum would be the most relevant cited species due to their rarity or their particular distribution areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]