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Languages have undergone a wide variety of evaluations, which have triggered many value-judgements about their worth, i.e. about the better or worse nature of some languages as opposed to others. Currently, this situation still persists, in such a way that the thesis of linguistic egalitarianism is being challenged by several proposals. This paper critically discusses the task of evaluating languages, and it argues that any scientific attempt to rate languages from a linguistic approach should fulfill the basic condition of bringing objective criteria to the fore. However, the paper contends that this condition is not met, and it analyzes four different problems language evaluation is endowed with. The problems convert the proposals of rating languages according to their different worth into arbitrary and decontextualized. We conclude that to construct language rankings (through very different parameters) based on the different worth of languages adds nothing to the scientific knowledge of languages, and, in most cases, it expresses or promotes linguistic prejudice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on a gender analysis of the main scientific and technological activities carried out by specialists linked to nuclear applications in the nuclear sector and the Cuban nuclear science and technology program. All existing information regarding participation and leadership in science and innovation projects was collected, including projects implemented with the International Atomic Energy Agency, scientific publications, the Nuclear Energy and Advanced Technologies Agency (AENTA) Awards, Cuban Academy of Science Awards, National Innovation Awards, AENTA Branch Forum, international awards, state scientific-technological protection services - radiological surveillance and specialized productions. The analysis has been carried out for the period between 2000-2022, corresponding to the last 22 fiscal years in which there has been an increase in the active participation of women in the nuclear sphere, with the aim of contributing to the decisions in the design of policies and their implementation in the nuclear field for the empowerment of Cuban women in this sector, and with special contribution to the future actions of the Network of Cuban Women in the Nuclear, known as WiN Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Various authors cited in the international research literature have pointed out that empathy shown by the physician during contact with patients benefits them and the health professional him/herself. Such sources pose difficulties for generalization since empathic behavior is affected by the culture and nationality of both the physician and the patient. Furthermore, not all authors consider the relevance of empathy as key in the healthcare context. Empathy is sometimes assumed as a matter of course due to the absence of consensus on measuring and operationalizing it. Objective. The present study aimed at examining the results ofa review of the national and international research literature. Method. The scrutiny included original articles reporting a beneficial effect of empathy or its relationship to improvement for the patient or the health professional. The analysis also describes the instruments used to evaluate the construct in studies reporting benefits. The search included six years (2014-2020) from the following databases: Pubmed, Cochrane, Scielo, Latindex, and Redalyc. Results. A total of420 articles appeared, but only nine covered the search requirements. Also, seven measuring instruments emerged. Discussion. The present paper discusses some implications on the evaluation of empathy based on current research. We include relevant information aimed at healthcare professionals interested in evaluating the benefits of empathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread perception of corruption and the correlative disaffection of citizens towards politics and institutions have generated the implementation of public policies aimed at tackling and preventing these inappropriate practices. The Administration of Castilla y León is no exception in this panorama, and in the absence of observatories or opinion studies that evaluate its situation, it is acuratte to carry out an analysis of the institutional integrity policy developed by the Junta de Castilla y León. This paper tries to answer the following question: do the instruments of democratic regeneration that the Administration of Castilla y León has adopted between 2007 and 2021 make up a true «system of institutional integrity»? As a main result of this research, it is concluded that in Castilla y León numerous measures of democratic regeneration have been implemented that can form a system of institutional integrity, but they are still in the process of formation and development, and there is a lack of a continuous evaluation system that provides the denomination of «integral». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strategical learning "how to learn" responds to improve the teaching of the architectural design, recognizing to the mental functions that intervene in this process and that are those in charge of processing, organizing, coordinating, and integrating the information interacting with the environment that surrounds us, which is part in the student's integral education. The evaluation of a teaching-learning process is vital for the effectiveness of the process, because it allows us the correction of any current error and to reinforce the successes, which is inherent to all dynamic process. This paper aims to offer an evaluative model of the architectural teaching that is represented with the support of the Description Logics. They are formed by a family of logics that allow us the representation of the knowledge on a certain domain, in a structured way and formally well-defined. The advantages offered by the proposed model, besides representing the knowledge, is that it is possible the evaluation and self-evaluation, the socialization of the knowledge, as well as to carry out logical inferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to present the activities and projects carried out by the Spanish Test Commission, established by the Spanish Psychological Association to improve the quality and use of tests. The most relevant projects of the commission during its twenty-five years of existence are reviewed, describing the work carried out: a) to understand the opinions and attitudes of psychologists towards the tests, b) to evaluate the quality of the tests published in Spain, and c) to develop standards, guidelines, and ethical and deontological codes to improve testing practices. The commission's other activities of a formative nature are also highlighted, as well as its relationships with other international organizations with similar purposes. Finally, several reflections on the future challenges of the Test Commission are shared, emphasizing the key role new technologies will have in psychological assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the evaluation of specialized phraseological units extraction from a corpus in Spanish. After briefly reviewing the literature on the concepts of terminological unit and specialized phraseological unit, their detection and their extraction, an evaluation protocol is presented and applied to three corpus software interfaces. The evaluation focuses on precision and usability aspects. The results partially confirm the hypothesis that term extractors allow users to extract specialized phraseological units. Finally, a series of suggestions are made to improve such systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper is concerned with the implementation of innovation techniques in the process of learning and teaching foreign languages. Adapting contents to twenty-first century students’ mentalities implies information has to be used collectively. Our main aims are the assessment of informal learning through stimuli and alternative dynamics which connect selfassessment and co-assessment, as well as developing and carrying out competences and strategies which facilitate learning. For the experimental process we worked with Italian and Spanish language students. In order to accomplish our goal, we delivered a series of collaborative courses in which qualitative and quantitative studies related to learning through Facebook as a social network were conducted. Besides, we distributed work among communities which adopted a constructive dimension of knowledge through the shared use of information. The process facilitated both the production and the exchange of knowledge based on the pragmatic and sociocultural nature of the contents, while also taking into account the enhancement of basic competences such as know how to be and how to do. Results were very encouraging, although quite controversial during the collection process, due to the fact that students had been educated for generations in individualistic learning systems. However, learning communities strongly motivated them and, in the end, positive results were reported thanks to the implementation of informal learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]