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Introduction: coughing is a physiological response to protect the airway, it produces aerosols that are identified by imaging reaching a speed of up to 8 meters per second. Extubation produces cough, hypertension, tachycardia, apnea and laryngospasm, there are methods to minimize its occurrence. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, intravenous lidocaine and superior laryngeal nerve block have been used as cough reflex prophylaxis. The aim was to compare them in cough inhibition. Material and methods: patients aged 18-60 years, elective surgery with balanced general anesthesia, ASA 1-3, with intubation less than 3 hours, were selected. A total of 90 patients were randomized, 45 in each group. A total of 10 patients were eliminated because they presented hemodynamic instability at the end of surgery, and because the intravenous dose of lidocaine was not administered within the established time. Results: there was no statistically significant difference in the number of patients who presented cough in both groups (13 vs 10, p = 0.4684), of these there was a statistically significant difference in the number of decibels in favor of the block group (75.6 vs 67, p < 0.001). Conclusions: block presents less aerolization than intravenous lidocaine in extubation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To determine the respiratory symptoms in women from Paipa, Colombia, who have been exposed to wood smoke. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational study, single cohort with analytical phase. Women over 18 years of age exposed to wood smoke, who resided in the area of direct influence of the thermal plant, were included in the study. Data was collected from January 23 to November 22, 2019; they consisted of a consultation with two doctors belonging to the research, in which they were inquired about the research variables by applying a data collection sheet and later spirometry was performed. RESULTS: One hundred seven women exposed to wood smoke were included; all participants had respiratory symptoms. The average age was 53.14 years, 68.3% had some degree of overweight; 48.6% had dyspnea, 38.3% cough, 21.5% expectoration and on auscultation 7.5% had rhonchi, 4.7% had wheezing and 1.9% rales. CONCLUSIONS: Women in rural areas are at high risk of exposure to wood smoke and all patients presented respiratory symptoms, which is associated with these exposure factors. In addition, people who stop smoking are likely to reduce respiratory symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Brick kiln workers exposed to smoke and dust have an increased risk of developing respiratory diseases. OBJECTIVE: To identify respiratory symptoms and their characteristics in brick workers of Tunja Boyacá, Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done applying a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms, which met the reliability and validity criteria of brick kiln workers in the city of Tunja, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria previously established, in 2017. RESULTS: There were included 82 workers. There was evidence of respiratory symptoms, particularly waking up due to cough, whistling and problems with breathing. There is an important relationship between the sociodemographic variable position in the brickyard and the lack of air after exercise (p = 0.003); years of work in the brickyard with expectoration day and night in winter (p = 0.004) and the age of the brick maker with expectoration day and night in winter (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory symptoms are present in brickworkers; An important relationship is found between the respiratory symptoms referred by the population and certain sociodemographic variables [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]