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This article, through the review of 106 cases published between 2007 and 2022, addresses these transformations in terms of changes in the availability, access, and control of assets for the livelihood of the population, using the livelihoods approach. Systemic mapping was used as the methodology, which describes relevant evidence on a specific topic, using open-ended questions and information synthesis through matrices classifying categories. In most cases, tourist activities are carried out in protected natural areas. Transformations are highlighted that can improve access to assets but also increase the vulnerability of people who closely depend on natural resources and supplement their income through seasonal and informal jobs related to tourism. Additionally, recommendations are presented from tourist initiatives that have successfully integrated tourism into livelihoods without undermining sustenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nature-based tourism has been gaining momentum over the last decades, with special development in protected areas as the main destinations; mostly after the pandemic and within the new dynamics caused by the crises. This paper focuses on Spain as a case study. It provides a state of the art and analyses some of the post-pandemic recovery policies materialised, in this case, in tourism sustainability plans for the creation of supply around high-value natural areas. The risks derived from the adoption of regrowth measures make some considerations necessary. Also, the proposal of alternatives for the promotion of recreational practices linked to different conservation instruments, as well as the proposal of actions within the tourism containment and degrowth frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In research on tourism and protected natural areas, two tendencies are evident: one shows tourism as an element that contributes to local welfare and socio-economic development, while the other links tourism in these areas to excessively restrictive regulations that hinder tourist activity and thus rural development. This work contributes to these investigations and sets out the objective of determining the relationship between protected natural areas, nature tourism and its impact as a backbone for rural development. To this end, the protected areas of the region of Andalusia (Spain) are analysed, applying statistical techniques of Multivariate Analysis for the study. Tourism, employment and socio-economic dynamism, tourism efficiency, the quality of natural resources, territorial promotion and investment activities and tourism resources are identified as factors that characterise the regional protected natural areas. These factors have a positive impact on 75% of the territory, which shows that these areas are real assets for rural and local development in the region. Tourism as an activity benefits from the resources and values of these areas, contributing to the territorial development of rural areas in need of revitalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical analysis of public policies on environmental conservation, management, and tourism development in the protected natural areas of Ecuador to detect their dysfunctions, contradictions, and problems of applicability. A predominantly exploratory research methodology with a descriptive-analytical approach is used when studying and systematizing the different regulations, actions and guidelines existing and implemented by international and national organizations with competencies in environmental conservation and sustainable development. These are systematized and analyzed through the main documents of interest that include principles, strategic guidelines, and specific rules of application. Through primary and secondary sources, and internal documentation of various Administrations we have identified the most visible effects and impacts that these policies have generated in the protection and/or valorization of the natural heritage, as well as in the tourist development compatible with the conservation of these spaces, the generation of complementary income and economic diversification for local communities. We concluded that Ecuadorian regulations on the conservation of protected areas present notable points of collision and lack of coherence or coordination with tourism policies. This is the consequence of two main factors: the lack of a broad strategic vision and comprehensive territorial planning of these territories as sustainable tourist destinations and the lack of a framework for management, planning and collaborative planning between the different local agencies and agents that affect these spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protected natural areas are one of the most demanded resources from the tourist point of view. This research analyses the cause-effect relationships that the declaration of Monfragüe as a Biosphere Reserve and National Park has had on the demographic, economic and touristbehaviour of the territory it encompasses. From a qualitative methodology, supported by the analysis of statistical sources, it is concluded that the expectations placed in tourism have not managed to halt depopulation or promote economic diversification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]